iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2026

Abstract: Background: Maternal obesity is a growing public health concern associated with increased antenatal complications. Early identification of high-risk patients through antenatal risk stratification can improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: To evaluate antenatal complications in obese pregnant women and develop a clinically relevant risk stratification approach......

Keywords: Maternal obesity, antenatal complications, risk stratification, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders

[1]. Catalano PM, Shankar K. Obesity And Pregnancy: Mechanisms Of Short- And Long-Term Adverse Consequences For Mother And Child. BMJ. 2017;356:J1.
[2]. Heslehurst N, Simpson H, Ells LJ, Rankin J. The Impact Of Maternal BMI Status On Pregnancy Outcomes. Obes Rev. 2008;9(6):635–45.
[3]. Poorolajal J, Jenabi E. The Association Between Body Mass Index And Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(22):3670–6.
[4]. Chu SY, Callaghan WM, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Lau J, England LJ, Et Al. Maternal Obesity And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):2070–6.
[5]. Poston L, Caleyachetty R, Cnattingius S, Corvalán C, Uauy R, Herring S, Et Al. Preconceptional And Maternal Obesity: Epidemiology And Health Consequences. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(12):1025–36.

Abstract: Neurothekeoma, a lesion of the nerve sheath, have been reported to be a rare benign lesion which is usually asymptomatic and slow growing. These lesions are difficult to diagnose prior to any biopsy and histopathological analysis. The treatment being complete excision of the lesion, with rare chances of recurrence, which otherwise might be due to incomplete excision. Here a case has been presented with Neurothekeoma involving the mental....

Key Words: Neurothekeoma, nerve sheath, benign lesion

[1]. Harkin J, Reed R (1969) Tumors Of The Peripheral Nervous System. In: Harkin JC, Reed RJ (Eds) Atlas Of Tumor Pathology. Armed Forces Institute Of Pathology, Washington, DC.
[2]. Hornick J, Fletcher C. Cellular Neurothekeoma: Detailed Characterization In A Series Of 133 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:329e40.
[3]. Gallager RL, Helwig EB (1980) Neurothekeoma—A Benign Cutaneous Tumor Of Neural Origin. Am J Clin Pathol 74:759–764
[4]. Bhaskar AR, Kanvinde R. Neurothekeoma Of The Hand. J Hand Surg Br 1999;24:631-3.
[5]. Nishioka M, Aguirre RL, Ishikawa A, Nagumo K, Wang LH, Okada N. Nerve Sheath Myxoma Neurothekeoma Arising In The Oral Cavity: Histological And Immunohistochemical Features Of 3 Cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:E28-33.]

Abstract: Background: OHVIRA syndrome (Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis), also known as Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, is a rare congenital Müllerian duct anomaly. It is characterised by the classic triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Case Presentation: We present a 15-year-old adolescent girl who presented with acute urinary retention and lower abdominal......

Key Word: OHVIRA syndrome; Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome; uterus didelphys; hematocolpos; urinary retention; Müllerian duct anomaly; adolescent gynaecology; vaginal septal resection

[1]. Smith NA, Laufer MR. Obstructed Hemivagina And Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA Syndrome): Management And Follow-Up. Fertility And Sterility. 2007;88(5):1261–1265.
[2]. Orazi C, Inserra A, Lucchetti MC, Schingo PM, Ferro F. Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome: Uterus Didelphys, Blind Hemivagina And Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis. MRI Findings And Clinical Importance. Radiology. 2007;245(2):559–563.
[3]. Rock JA, Jones HW. Te Linde's Operative Gynecology. 11th Ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2015.
[4]. Acién P. Incidence Of Müllerian Defects In Fertile And Infertile Women. Human Reproduction. 1997;12(7):1372–1376.
[5]. Herlyn U, Werner H. Simultaneous Occurrence Of An Open Gartner-Duct Cyst, A Homolateral Aplasia Of The Kidney And A Double Uterus As A Typical Syndrome Of Abnormalities. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1971;31(4):340–347.

Abstract: • Term ‘menopause’ is derived from the Latin word Meno (month) and Pausia (halt). • Menopause essentially marks the end of a women’s period of natural fertility. • As a woman approaches menopause, the number of ovarian follicles decline, producing less estrogen and causing irregular menstrual periods.....

[1]. Marc A, Leon Speroff. Menopause And Perimenopause Transition: Clinical Gynecological Endocrinology And Infertility. 8th Ed. South Asian Edition: Lippincott Williams And Wilkins. 2013:680 2.
[2]. Chompootweep S, Tankeyoon M, Yamarat K, Poomsuwan P, Dusitsin N. The Menopause Age And Climacteric Complaints In Thai Women In Bangkok Maturitas. 1993;17:63-71.
[3]. Yahya S, Rehan N. Age, Pattern And Symptoms Of Menopause Among Rural Women Of Lahore. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad. 2002;14:9-12.
[4]. Mckinlay S, Brambilla D, Posner J. The Normal Menopause Transition. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 1992;4:37 46.
[5]. Dasgupta D, Ray S. Menopausal Problems Among Rural And Urban Women. Eastern India. Journal Of Social, Behavioral, And Health Sciences. 2009;3:20 33

Abstract: Background: Clavicle fractures are among the most common injuries of the shoulder girdle, with mid-shaft fractures accounting for the majority of cases. Surgical fixation often requires effective peri-operative analgesia. The clavipectoral fascia block (CPB) is a relatively new regional anesthesia technique that provides targeted analgesia for clavicular surgeries while avoiding complications associated with interscalene brachial plexus block. This case......

Key Word: Clavipectoral fascia block, clavicle fracture, regional anesthesia, bupivacaine, ultrasound-guided block

[1]. Postacchini F, Gumina S, De Santis P, Albo F. Epidemiology Of Clavicle Fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11(5):452-6.
[2]. Robinson CM. Fractures Of The Clavicle In The Adult: Epidemiology And Classification. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(3):476-84.
[3]. Stanley D, Trowbridge EA, Norris SH. The Mechanism Of Clavicular Fracture. A Clinical And Biomechanical Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70(3):461-4.
[4]. Valdés JL. Clavipectoral Plane Block: Description Of A Novel Technique. Presented At: 36th Annual ESRA Congress; Lugano, Switzerland; 2017.
[5]. Yang HM, Won HJ, Kim HJ, Hu KS. Anatomic Basis Of The Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Block: A Cadaveric Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(4):319-25

Abstract: Melanocytic nevi are the common benign proliferation of melanocytes. These can be congenital or acquired. Acquired melanocytic nevi, also known as moles, appear from childhood to usually midlife, are present in all races, and are more in number in the white population. Moles can be classified based on the depth at which the melanocytic nevus cells or nevomelanocytes are present. Single nevus cells in the basal layer with nests of nevus cells are present in the......

Key Word: melanotic nevus, nasolabial fold, surgical excision, maxillofacial surgery, esthetic reconstruction

[1]. Mologousis MA, Et Al. Updates In The Management Of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi. 2024.
[2]. Zhang J, Et Al. SF Method For Removing Small Skin Melanocytic Nevus. Frontiers In Surgery, 2024.
[3]. Macneal P, Et Al. Congenital Melanocytic Nevi. Statpearls, 2023 Update.
[4]. Shave Excision Versus Elliptical Excision Of Intradermal Melanocytic Nevi: Recurrence And Cosmetic Outcomes. 2021.
[5]. Lemperle G, Et Al. Prevention Of Hyper- And Hypotrophic Scars Through Understanding Skin Tension Lines. 2020.

Abstract: Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious, and transmissible disease, which affects a high percentage of the population in all parts of the world. Dental caries is usually caused by frequent intake of fermentable sugars, which may lead to obesity and as a result association between dental caries and obesity has long been suspected. Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries experience among the people of Maredumilli of East godavari district of Andhra Pradesh
Materials and......

Key Word: BMI, Dental caries, Adult population

[1]. Singh H, Esht V, Shaphe MA, Rathore N, Chahal A, Kashoo FZ. Relationship Between Body Mass Index And Cardiorespiratory Fitness To Interpret Health Risks Among Sedentary University Students From Northern India: A Correlation Study. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023, 101254. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Cegh.2023.101254.
[2]. Banjevic B, Popovic S, Masanovic B. Body Mass Index And Body Fat Percentage Of Armed Forces Personnel In Montenegro Among Different Age Groups. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(5):1010.
Https://Doi.Org/10.18502/Ijph.V49i5.3224.
[3]. Sidenur B, Mupparapu S. Prevalence Of Obesity And Overweight And Its Correlates Among 20-40 Year Old Population In An Urban Area In Southern India. Natl J Community Med. 2022;13(2):114–119.
Https://Doi.Org/10.55489/Njcm1322022161.
[4]. Obesity: Preventing And Managing The Global Epidemic. Report Of A WHO Consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:I-Xii, 1-253.
[5]. Kayaba M, Sasai-Sakuma T, Takaesu Y, Inoue Y. The Relationship Between Insomnia Symptoms And Work Productivity Among Blue-Collar And White-Collar Japanese Workers Engaged In Construction/Civil Engineering Work: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Publ Health. 2021;21(1):1–8. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12889-021-11273-Y.

Abstract: Background: Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory condition that negatively impacts not only periodontal health but also oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Beyond clinical symptoms, it affects functional, social, and psychological well-being. While non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) effectively improves clinical parameters, its influence on psychosocial aspects such as anxiety and self-esteem remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of NSPT on OHRQoL and psychological well-being in periodontitis patients....

Key Word: Chronic periodontitis; Non-surgical periodontal therapy; Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL); Anxiety; Self-esteem

[1]. World Health Organization. Preamble To The Constitution Of The WHO. 1948.
[2]. Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global Burden Of Severe Periodontitis In 1990–2010: A Systematic Review And Meta-Regression. J Dent Res. 2014;93(11):1045–53.
[3]. Locker D. Oral Health And Quality Of Life. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004;2(Suppl 1):247–53.
[4]. Needleman I, Mcgrath C, Floyd P, Biddle A. Impact Of Oral Health On The Life Quality Of Periodontal Patients. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31(6):454–57.
[5]. Allen PF. Assessment Of Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:40

Abstract: Background: Neurological manifestations may be the initial presentation of various systemic diseases, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their heterogeneity and non-specific nature. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including 53 patients collected over a two-year period in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital of Tangier. We included patients presenting with inaugural neurological involvement that led to the diagnosis of a systemic disease. Data were collected from medical.....

Key Word: Neurological manifestations; systemic diseases; Behçet disease; lupus; Sjögren syndrome; neuroimaging.

[1]. Bertsias GK, Ioannidis JP, Boletis J, Et Al. EULAR Recommendations For The Management Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012.
[2]. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — Hanly JG. Neuropsychiatric Lupus. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2014.
[3]. Sjögren's Syndrome — Delalande S, Et Al. Neurologic Manifestations In Primary Sjögren Syndrome. Medicine. 2004.
[4]. Behçet's Disease — Kalra S, Et Al. Diagnosis And Management Of Neuro-Behçet’s Disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014.
[5]. Siva A, Saip S. The Spectrum Of Nervous System Involvement In Behçet Syndrome. J Neurol. 2009.

Abstract: Background: Dental implantology has evolved significantly with the integration of digital technologies. Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS), offered in both static and dynamic forms, aims to enhance precision and reduce errors compared with conventional freehand techniques. The degree of accuracy achieved with these systems directly influences surgical safety, prosthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction......

Key Word: Dental implants; Computer-assisted implant surgery; Static navigation; Dynamic navigation; Guided surgery; Digital workflow; Implant accuracy

[1]. R. Richert, A. Goujat, L. Venet Et Al., “Intraoral Scanner Techologies: A Review To Make A Successful Impression,” Journal Of Healthcare Engineering, Vol. 2017, Article Id 8427595, 9 Pages, 2017.
[2]. W. Renne, M. Ludlow, J. Fryml Et Al., “Evaluation Of The Accu Racy Of 7 Digital Scanners: An In Vitro Analysis Based On 3 Dimensional Comparisons,” The Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry, Vol. 118, No. 1, Pp. 36–42, 2017.
[3]. Kiatkroekkrai P, Takolpuckdee C, Subbalekha K, Mattheos N, Pimkhaokham A. Accuracy Of Implant Position When Placed Using Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgical Guides Manufactured With Two Different Optical Scanning Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;49:377-383.
[4]. Tahmaseb, A., Wismeijer, D., Coucke, W. And Derksen, W., 2014. Computer Technology Applications In Surgical Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 29(Suppl), Pp.25-42.
[5]. G. Cervino, L. Fiorillo, A. V. Arzukanyan, G. Spagnuolo, And M. Cicciù, “Dental Restorative Digital Workflow: Digital Smile Design From Aesthetic To Function,” Dentistry Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, P. 30, 2019. [4] P. S. Wöhrle, “Predictably Replacing Maxillary Incisors With Implants Using 3-D Planning And Guided Implant Surgery,” The Compendium Of Continuing Education In Dentistry, Vol. 35, No. 10, Pp. 758–762, 2014..

Abstract: Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure performed to restore cranial defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or decompressive surgery. This case report presents the rehabilitation of a cranial defect in a 32-year-old male patient using a custom-fabricated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implant developed through conventional prosthodontic techniques. A precise impression was made, followed by wax pattern fabrication, flasking, and heat-cure PMMA processing. The implant was surgically placed with satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes. This method provides a cost-effective alternative to digital workflows, particularly in resource-limited settings..

Key Word: Cranioplasty, PMMA, Cranial defect, Maxillofacial prosthesis, Conventional technique

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