iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2026

Abstract: Background Perinatal mental illness remains a critical yet chronically underaddressed public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A 2023 JAMA Psychiatry meta-analysis of 589 studies demonstrated that 1 in 4 perinatal women in LMICs experience depression, with Nigeria among the most heavily burdened countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this burden, evidence on how perinatal mental health is perceived, and on the barriers to.....

[1]. Ade-Ojo GO, Kola L, Gureje O (2025) The Epidemiology Of Maternal Mental Health In Africa: A Systematic Review. Archives Of Women’s Mental Health. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00737-025-01563-4
[2]. Adeoye IA, Sogbesan A, Esan O (2022) Prevalence, Associated Factors And Perinatal Outcomes Of Antepartum Depression In Ibadan Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth 22(1), 219. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12884-022-04549-7
[3]. Adepoju VA (2023) Breaking The Chains: Nigeria’s New Mental Health Law And Its Impact On Care And Rights. Nigerian Medical Journal 64(2), 172–173. Https://Doi.Org/10.60787/Nmj-64-2
[4]. Adjorlolo S (2023) Seeking And Receiving Help For Mental Health Services Among Pregnant Women In Ghana. PLOS ONE 18(3), E0280496. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0280496
[5]. Akanni OO And Edozien LC (2023) The New Nigerian Mental Health Act: A Huge Leap Before Looking Closely? Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal Of The Nigeria Medical Association 64(6), 838–845. Https://Doi.Org/10.60787/Nmj-64-6-351
[6]. American College Of Obstetricians And Gynecologists (2024) Screening And Diagnosis Of Mental Health.

Abstract: Musculoskeletal tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions arising from bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, vascular structures, peripheral nerve sheath, and related supporting tissues. They range from benign and locally aggressive lesions to high-grade malignant neoplasms and are clinically important because they may cause pain, swelling, deformity, pathologic fracture, neurovascular compromise, limb loss, and death when diagnosis or treatment is delayed [1-4]. Although uncommon relative to many other neoplasms.....

[1]. Sbaraglia M, Bellan E, Dei Tos AP. The 2020 WHO Classification Of Soft Tissue Tumours: News And Perspectives. Pathologica. 2021;113(2):70-84.
[2]. Franchi A. Epidemiology And Classification Of Bone Tumors. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2012;9(2):92-95.
[3]. Choi JH, Ro JY. The 2020 WHO Classification Of Tumors Of Bone: An Updated Review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2021;28(3):119-138.
[4]. Anderson WJ, Doyle LA. Updates From The 2020 World Health Organization Classification Of Soft Tissue And Bone Tumours. Histopathology. 2021;78(5):644-657.
[5]. Egas-Bejar D, Huh WW. Rhabdomyosarcoma In Adolescent And Young Adult Patients: Current Perspectives. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2014;5:115-125.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is being rapidly implemented across healthcare to address the dual crises of clinical documentation burden and information overload. This review synthesizes evidence from 58 key studies to map the landscape of AI's role in clinical and scientific communication. While generative AI and ambient scribe technologies demonstrate significant efficiency gains—reducing documentation time by up to 40%—this efficacy is offset......

Key Word: artificial intelligence, machine learning, generative AI, natural language processing, medical writing, scientific writing

[1]. Samaranayake L, Tuygunov N, Schwendicke F, Et Al. The Transformative Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry: A Comprehensive Overview. Part 1: Fundamentals Of AI, And Its Contemporary Applications In Dentistry. Int Dent J. 2025;75(2):383-396. Doi:10.1016/J.Identj.2025.02.005
[2]. Ng JJW, Wang E, Zhou X, Et Al. Evaluating The Performance Of Artificial Intelligence-Based Speech Recognition For Clinical Documentation: A Systematic Review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2025;25(1):236. Doi:10.1186/S12911-025-03061-0
[3]. Lee C, Britto S, Diwan K. Evaluating The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) On Clinical Documentation Efficiency And Accuracy Across Clinical Settings: A Scoping Review. Cureus. 2024;16(11):E73994. Doi:10.7759/Cureus.73994
[4]. Liu TL, Hetherington TC, Stephens C, Et Al. AI-Powered Clinical Documentation And Clinicians' Electronic Health Record Experience: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):E2432460. Doi:10.1001/Jamanetworkopen.2024.32460
[5]. Poon EG, Lemak CH, Rojas JC, Guptill J, Classen D. Adoption Of Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare: Survey Of Health System Priorities, Successes, And Challenges. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2025;32(7):1093-1100. Doi:10.1093/Jamia/Ocaf065

Abstract: Statement Of Problem: Correct occlusion is one of the most integral parts of any prosthetic rehabilitation. It is important to assess the occlusal contacts which are required in order to maintain the static and dynamic relation of the teeth and to understand the occlusal contacts which may act as interference leading to detrimental effects. Hence, assessing occlusion using........

[1]. Glossary Of Prosthodontic Terms 9th Edition
[2]. Lee DJ, Saponaro PC. Management Of Edentulous Patients. Dental Clinics. 2019;63(2):249-61.
[3]. Čelebić A, Peršić S, Kovačić I, Buković D, Lešić N, Rener-Sitar K. Comparison Of Three Prosthodontic Treatment Modalities For Patients With Periodontally Compromised Anterior Mandibular Teeth: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2019;53(1):4-16. Doi: 10.15644/Asc53/1/1
[4]. Zhao K, Mai QQ, Wang XD, Yang W, Zhao L. Occlusal Designs On Masticatory Ability And Patient Satisfaction With Complete Denture: A Systematic Review.J. Dent. 2013;41(11):1036-42. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jdent.2013.07.016.
[5]. Bhambhani R, Joshi S, Roy SS, Shinghvi A. Choosing The Denture Occlusion-A Systematic Review.J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 2020;20(3):269-77. Doi: 10.4103/Jips.Jips_409_19.

Abstract: Background: NTDs arises due to incomplete closure of neural tube during early embryonic development. The abnormal development leads to miscarriage, stillbirth and abnormalities of CNS in individuals who survived. NTDs are classified according to types and position of the lesion.
Methodology: Fetuses with NTDs were collected from Dept of OBG RIMS for a period of 1 year after taking permission from the concern authority and parents.The sex, gestational age, type of NTDs and associated anomalies were observed......

Key Word: Neural tube defects (NTDs), Anencephaly, Spina bifida, Prenatal diagnosis, Folic acid prophylaxis.

[1]. Standring S, Editor. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 42nd Ed. London: Elsevier;2020. P. 96 -100.
[2]. Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology.14th Ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2019.
[3]. Schoenwolf GC, Bleyl SB, Brauer PR, Francis-West PH. Larsen’s Human Embryology. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier;2021.P.88.
[4]. Mailaram S, Nalini YL, Bai PVR, Rani S, Lakshmi V. Neural Tube Defects: A Case Series. MRIMS J Health Sci. 2021;9:34-7.
[5]. Moradi B, Shakiba Katouli F, Gity M, Kazemi MA, Shakiba M, Fattahi Masrour F. Neural Tube Defects: Distribution And Associated Anomalies Diagnosed By Prenatal Ultrasonography In Iranian Fetuses. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2017;2(4):E64382.
[6]. Copp AJ, Greene NDE. Genetics And Development Of Neural Tube Defects. J Pathol. 2010;220:217-230.

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is a commonly used technique for various surgeries, including those involving the lower extremities and abdomen. The accuracy of identifying the L4-L5 interspace, which is crucial for proper spinal anaesthesia, relies heavily on “Tuffier’s line, an anatomical landmark formed by connecting the highest points of the iliac crests.” However, the variability in the positioning of Tuffier’s line across different individuals raises concerns about......

Key Word: Spinal Anaesthesia, Ultrasound Guidance, Tuffier’s Line, L4-L5 Interspace, Anthropometric Measurements, Precision Medicine

[1]. Hogan QH. Tuffier’s Line: The Normal Distribution Of Anatomic Parameters [7]. Vol. 78, Anaesthesia And Analgesia. 1994.
[2]. Tantri AR, Satoto D, Natassa S. Relationship Between Age, Sex, And Anthropometric Factors With The Distance Of L4-L5 Interspace From Tuffier’s Line: Observational Study With Ultrasonography Guidance. In: Bali Journal Of Anesthesiology. 2022.
[3]. Pysyk CL, Persaud D, Bryson GL, Lui A. Ultrasound Assessment Of The Vertebral Level Of The Palpated Intercristal (Tuffier’s) Line. Canadian Journal Of Anaesthesia. 2010;57(1).
[4]. Margarido CB, Mikhael R, Arzola C, Balki M, Carvalho JCA. The Intercristal Line Determined By Palpation Is Not A Reliable Anatomical Landmark For Neuraxialanaesthesia. Canadian Journal Of Anaesthesia. 2011;58(3).
[5]. Ozturk I, Kilic B, Demiroglu M, Alptekin HA, Aydin GB, Yazicioglu D, Et Al. Comparison Between Two Anatomic Landmarks Using Ultrasonography In Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(10).

Abstract: Background: The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is a critical vascular structure that supplies the palmar hand and exhibits considerable anatomical variation. These variations hold clinical significance in reconstructive surgery, trauma management, and vascular interventions. The current study aims to assess the formation and branching patterns of the superficial palmar arch. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 40 cadaveric hands dissected at RIMS, Imphal, from......

Key Word: Superficial palmar arch, Ulnar artery, Radio-ulnar artery, Median-ulnar artery

[1]. Standring S, Editor. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice, 41st Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016.P.862-894.
[2]. Patnaik VVG, Kalsey G, Singla RK. Palmar Arterial Arches – A Morphological Study. J Anat Soc India. 2002;51(2):187–193.
[3]. Gupta C, Kalthur S, Nair N, Pai SR. A Morphological Study Of Variations In Superficial Palmar Arches Of The Hand. CHRISMED J Health Res. 2015;2(2):140–144.
[4]. Saha A, Lal N, Pal S. The Superficial Palmar Arch: A Morphological Study. Int J Anat Res. 2019;7(3);6918-6923.
Doi:10.16965/Ijar.2019.256
[5]. Ruze R, Zhao G, Li J, Et Al. Variant Formation Of Superficial Palmar Arch Associated With Superficial Brachioulnar Artery. Anat Sci Int. 2023 Jan;98(1):147-50..

Abstract: Introduction: Heart disease (HD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally and in Brazil, with projections indicating a 90% increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases by 2050. Given this scenario, the search for early and non-invasive physical indicators becomes crucial. Frank's sign—a diagonal fold in the earlobe described in 1973—has been studied as a potential external marker of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Objective: To review the literature on the association between Frank's sign, the vascular anatomy of the earlobe, and cardiovascular.......

Key Word: Frank's sign; Cardiovascular diseases; Atherosclerosis; Ear lobe; Preventive diagnosis

[1]. Cardiovascular Diseases. [Aug; 2025]. 2025. Https://Www.Who.Int/Health-Topics/Cardiovascular-Diseases.
[2]. Update Of The Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline Of The Brazilian Society Of Cardiology – 2019.
Http://Publicacoes.Cardiol.Br/Portal/Abc/Portugues/Aop/2019/Aop-Diretriz-Prevencao-Cardiovascular-Portugues.Pdf
[3]. Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW, Li H, Chin YH, Kong G, Anand VV, Wang JW, Muthiah M, Jain V, Mehta A, Lim SL, Foo R, Figtree GA, Nicholls SJ, Mamas MA, Januzzi JL, Chew NWS, Richards AM, Chan MY. Global Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases: Projections From 2025 To 2050. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025 Aug 25;32(11):1001-1015.
Doi: 10.1093/Eurjpc/Zwae281. PMID: 39270739.
[4]. Frank ST. Auditory Sign Of Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med. 1973;289:327–328. Doi: 10.1056/Nejm197308092890622. [DOI] [Pubmed]Mohd Nor B, Wan Razali WMH, Mohd Nor F. Relationship Between Frank's Sign And Cardiovascular Disease: An Autopsy-Based Study. Cureus. 2025 Sep 7;17(9):E91756. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.91756. PMID: 41063902; PMCID: PMC12501647.
[5]. Lucenteforte E., Et Al. Ear Lobe Crease As A Marker Of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Integrative Medicine. Vol. 2, Issue 4, December 2010, Page 208. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Eujim.2010.09.076Szymanski A, Geiger Z. Anatomia, Cabeça E Pescoço, Orelha. [Atualizado Em 24 De Julho De 2023]. Em:.

Abstract: Background: Burnout is one of the main chronic health problems with negative consequences among anesthesiologists in resource-limited settings despite implications for patient safety and workforce retention. Thus, this study aimed to determine burnout prevalence among anesthesiologists practicing in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months among 50 anesthesiologists in Khulna city. Inclusion criteria included completion of postgraduate anesthesiology training (DA, FCPS) and current employment.......

Key Word: Burnout, Anesthesiologists, Physicians, Job stress, Intensive care medicine

[1]. Durham ME, Bush PW, Ball AM. Evidence Of Burnout In Health-System Pharmacists. Am J Heal Pharm. 2018;75(23):S93–100.
[2]. Chirico F. Job Stress Models For Predicting Burnout Syndrome: A Review. Ann Ist Super Sanità. 2016;52(3):443–56.
[3]. Murthy VH. Confronting Health Worker Burnout And Well-Being. New Eng J Med. 2022;387(7):577–9.
[4]. Sibeoni J, Bellon-Champel L, Mousty A, Manolios E, Verneuil L, Revah-Levy A. Physicians’ Perspectives About Burnout: A