iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2025

Abstract: Background Regional anaesthesia is increasingly used for upper limb surgeries, with the supraclavicular brachial plexus block offering dense anaesthesia and prolonged analgesia. Traditionally performed using anatomical landmarks, the technique can be less precise and carries risks like vascular puncture or pneumothorax. Ultrasound guidance enhances safety and success by providing real-time visualization of nerves and vessels. While literature supports the advantages of ultrasound-guided blocks, factors like cost and operator skill influence technique......

Key Word: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block, Ultrasound-guided anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia.

[1] Narayan B, Pravin C Jadahav, V V Kulkarni, P I Agrawal. Prospective Clinical Study Of Usg Guided Perivascular Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block For Upper Limb Surgeries. Medpulse International Journal Of Anesthesiology. December 2021; 20(3):81-84
[2] Alam Mk, Thakur Sk. A Comparative Study Between Conventional And Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block In Upper Limb Surgeries. Int J Res Med Sci 2024;12:2956-61.
[3] Bridenbaugh Ld: The Upper Extremity: Somatic Blockade. In: Cousins Mj, Bridenbaugh Po (Eds.): Neural Blockade In Clinical Anaesthesia And Management Of Pain, 2nd Ed., Lippincott, Raven Philadelphia: 387, 396-423(1988).
[4] Kumari M Et Al. A Comparative Study Between Anatomical Landmark And Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block In Upper Limb Surgery. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Clinical Research 2023; 15(3); 1249-1256
[5] Gray At. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th Ed., Elsevier: Chirchilllivingstone; 2010:53:1676-80

Abstract: Management of edentulous mandibular fractures in elderly patients poses a unique clinical challenge due to their compromised systemic health, poor bone quality, and absence of teeth for maxillomandibular fixation. These limitations often preclude the use of conventional open reduction and internal fixation techniques, increasing the risk of complications such as infection, delayed healing, and malunion. In such cases, conservative.....

Keywords: Gunning splint, Edentulous mandible, Mandibular fracture, Closed reduction Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF)

[1] Fraser-Moodie W (1969) Mr. Gunning And His Splint. Br J Oral Surg 7:112–115
[2] Wolfe SA, Lovaas M, Mccafferty LR (1989) Use Of A Miniplate To Provide Intermaxillary Fixation In The Edentulous Patient. J Craniomaxillofacsurg 17:31–33.
[3] Poeschl PW, Ploder O, Seemann R, Poeschl E (2008) Maxillomandibular Fixation Using Intraoral Cortical Bone Screws And Specially Designed Metal Hooks (Ottenhaken) In The Conservative Treatment Of Mandibular Fractures. J Oral Maxillofacsurg 66:336–341.
[4] Cornelius CP, Ehrenfeld M (2010) The Use Of MMF Screws: Surgical Technique, Indications, Contraindications, And Common Problems In Review Of The Literature. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 3:55–58.
[5] Alastair N. Goss, R. Ormand B An Improved Gunning Splint. J Prosthet Dent 33:5, Pp. 562–566

Abstract: Background Effective irrigation is a critical component of root canal treatment to ensure the elimination of debris and bacteria from the root canal system. However, the risk of apical extrusion of irrigants remains a significant concern because it may lead to postoperative complications. The use of laser-activated irrigation, particularly the Er:YAG laser, has emerged as a promising adjunct owing to its ability to enhance irrigant penetration. Side-firing endo tips direct energy laterally, which potentially minimizes apical extrusion. This study aimed to evaluate the apical extrusion of irrigant using Er:YAG laser side-firing endo tips at different levels from the apex.......

Keywords: Er:YAG laser, side firing endo tip, apical extrusion, laser assisted irrigation.

[1] Arıcıoğlu B, Çıkman AŞ, Babacan M: The Comparison Of Cleaning Efficacy And Apical Extrusion Of Advanced Irrigation Activation Methods With A Novel Er:YAG Laser Modality: Sweeps. Laser Dent Sci. 2021, 5:43-52. 10.1007/S41547-021-00113-2
[2] Nagaveni SA, Balakoti KR, Smita K, Ratnakar P, Satish SV, Aravind T: Quantitative Evaluation Of Apical Extrusion Of Debris And Irrigants Using Four Rotary Instrumentation Systems: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013, 14:1065-9. 10.5005/Jp-Journals-10024-1452
[3] Namsoy E, Serefoglu B, Hülsmann M, Caliskan MK: Influence Of Various Application Systems On The Amount Of Extruded Irrigant In Simulated Immature Teeth With Regard To Gravity: An Ex-Vivo Study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022, 25:1831-7.
10.4103/Njcp.Njcp_270_22
[4] Chang JW, Cheung AW, Cheung GS: Effect Of Root Canal Dimensions, Injection Rate, And Needle Design On The Apical Extrusion Of An Irrigant: An In Vitro Study. J Inv Clin Dent. 20156, 221-7. 10.1111/Jicd.12092
[5] Ghivari SB, Kubasad GC, Chandak MG, Akarte N: Apical Extrusion Of Debris And Irrigant Using Hand And Rotary Systems: A Comparative Study. J Conserv Dent. 2011, 14:187-90. 10.4103/0972-0707.82622

Abstract: L’hydatidose est une zoonose qui est due l’echinococcus granulosus. Elle est endémique au Maroc et constitue un problème de santé publique. Cliniquement, elle est asymptomatique avec une évolution insidieuse devenant symptomatique en cas de complication comme la surinfection, la rupture ou bien la fistulisation ; cette dernière constitue une affection rare quand elle est hépatopleurale. L’imagerie joue un rôle important dans le diagnostic du kyste hydatique avec un aspect scannographique variable selon le stade évolutif. La confirmation est macroscopique en peropératoire associée à une sérologie hydatique positive.......

Key Word: kyste hydatique, fistulisation, albendazole, hépatique, mammaire.

[1] J.-P. Avaro, X.-B. Djourno, El.-H. Kabiri, P.-M. Bonnet, R. Charpentier, C. Doddoli, P. Thomas. Traitement Chirurgical Des Kystes Hydatiques Du Poumon. Traitement Chirurgical Des Kystes Hydatiques Du Poumon. . Emc (Elsevier Masson Sas, Paris), Techniques Chirurgicales- Thorax, 42-432, 2007.
[2] Houssine Boufettal, Naïma Samouh. Kyste Hydatique Mammaire Primitive. Service De Gynécologie –Obstetrique, Hopital Ibn Rochd, Université Hassan 2, Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Casablanca, Maroc. Pan African Medical Journal. 2015; 20:385 Doi:10.11604/Pamj.2015.20.385.6318
[3] Hafsa Sajiai, Mariam Rachidi, Salma Aitbatahar, Hind Serhane, Lamyae Amro. Kyste Hydatique Pulmonaire: Double Localisation Pulmonaire Apicale Inhabituelle. A Propos D’un Cas. Pan African Medical Journal. 2016; 25:159 Doi:10.11604/Pamj.2016.25.159.10357
[4] S. Waguaf. Les Kystes Hydatiques Du Foie Rompus Dans Le Thorax (A Propos De 11 Cas). Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Rmr.2018.10.466
[5] S. Msaada, I. Yanguia, W. Ketataa, N. Abida, W. Fekia, H. Abidb, A. Hentatic, S. Kammouna. Kystes Hydatiques Du Foie Rompus Dans Le Thorax (A Propos De Cinq Cas). Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Pneumo.2015.03.002

Abstract: A 48-year-old male farmer presented with progressive shortness of breath, cough with expectoration, and constitutional symptoms. Clinical evaluation and imaging revealed findings suggestive of right-sided Pleural effusion. Further workup led to the diagnosis of Granulomatous disease mimicking Malignant Mesothelioma. This case highlights the clinical overlap between benign Granulomatous conditions and rare malignancies such as Mesothelioma.

Key Word: Pleural Effusion, Granulomatous Disease, Malignant Mesothelioma, Respiratory Medicine.

[1] Bou-Samra, P.; Chang, A.; Azari, F.; Kennedy, G.; Segil, A.; Guo, E.; Marmarelis, M.; Langer, C.; Singhal, S. Epidemiological, Therapeutic, And Survival Trends In Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Review Of The National Cancer Database. Cancer Med. 2023, 12, 12208–12220. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] [Pubmed] [Pubmed Central].
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Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone a paradigm shift from rule-based algorithms to advanced machine learning and deep neural networks, enabling unprecedented capabilities in healthcare diagnostics, decision support, and personalized treatment planning. In pediatric dentistry, AI applications—ranging from caries risk assessment and age estimation to CBCT image analysis and behavior prediction—are increasingly aligning with evidence-based clinical protocols. These technologies promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy, reduced operator variability, and improved patient outcomes. However.......

Key Word: AI models, Pediatric Dentistry, Machine learning, Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network, E-Waste, AI toolkit, AI approaches.

[1] Babu A, Onesimu JA, Sagayam KM. Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry: Concepts, Applications And Research Challenges. Int J Dent. 2023;3:1074.
[2] Ding H, Wu J, Zhao W, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF, Tsoi JKH. Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry—A Review. Front Dent Med. 2023;4:1085251. Doi:10.3389/Fdmed.2023.1085251.
[3] Stevenson A. Oxford Dictionary Of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
[4] Castellanos S. What Exactly Is Artificial Intelligence? The Wall Street Journal [Internet]. 2018 Dec 6 [Cited 2025 Jul 3]. Available From: Https://Www.Wsj.Com/Articles/What-Exactly-Is-Artificial-Intelligence-1544120887
[5] Roberts J. Thinking Machines: The Search For Artificial Intelligence [Internet]. Distillations Magazine. Science History Institute; 2016 Jul 14 [Cited 2025 Jul 3]. Available From: Https://Www.Sciencehistory.Org/Stories/Magazine/Thinking-Machines-The-Search-For-Artificial-Intelligence

Abstract: This study evaluated apical microleakage in root canals using two types of sealers— bioceramic (EndoSequence BC Sealer) and epoxy resin-based (Simpliseal™)—with immediate and delayed post-space preparation. Eighty single-rooted teeth were treated and assessed for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. Results showed that EndoSequence BC Sealer had significantly lower microleakage than Simpliseal™, and immediate post-space preparation led to better sealing in both groups. The study concludes that both the choice of sealer and the timing of post-space preparation are critical to minimizing apical leakage and improving endodontic success.

Key Word: Root canal sealers, apical microleakage, post-space preparation, bioceramic sealer, resin-based sealer, gutta-percha, endodontic treatment, bacterial infiltration, sealer-dentin adhesion, stereomicroscope analysis.

[1] Gasner NS, Brizuela M. Endodontic Materials Used To Fill Root Canals. Instatpearls2023;7(4):56-70.
[2] Al-Haddad A, Che Ab Aziz ZA. Bioceramic‐Based Root Canal Sealers: A Review. International Journal Of Biomaterials. 2016;2(1):25-29.
[3] Kim YK, Grandini S, Ames JM, Gu LS, Kim SK, Pashley DH, Gutmann JL, Tay FR. Critical Review On Methacrylate Resin–Based Root Canal Sealers. Journal Of Endodontics. 2010;36(3):83-99.
[4] Dultra F, Barroso JM, Carrasco LD, Capelli A, Guerisoli DM, Pécora JD. Evaluation Of Apical Microleakage Of Teeth Sealed With Four Different Root Canal Sealers. Journal Of Applied Oral Science. 2006;1(4):41-55.
[5] Aydemir H, Ceylan G, Tasdemir T, Kalyoncuoglu E, Isildak I. Effect Of Immediate And Delayed Post Space Preparation On The Apical Seal Of Root Canals Obturated With Different Sealers And Techniques. Journal Of Applied Oral Science. 2009;17(6):05-10.

Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this in vitro study was to examine flexural strength of human radicular dentin sticks after conditioning with four different endodontic chelating agent. Materials and Methods: Forty dentin sticks of (1 mm × 1 mm × 12 mm) were obtained from 10 single-rooted premolars and divided into four groups (n = 10). One stick from each tooth was assigned to one of the experimental groups and was soaked in one of the experimental chelating.....

Key Word: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Chitosan; Citric acid; Chlorhexidine; flexural strength

[1] Philip PM, Sindhu J, Poornima M, Naveen DN, Nirupama DN, Nainan MT. Effects Of Conventional And Herbal Irrigants On Microhardness And Flexural Strength Of Root Canal Dentin: An: In Vitro: Study. Journal Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics. 2021 Jan 1;24(1):83-7.
[2] El-Banna A, Elmesellawy MY, Elsayed MA. Flexural Strength And Microhardness Of Human Radicular Dentin Sticks After Conditioning With Different Endodontic Chelating Agents. Journal Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics. 2023 May 1;26(3):344-8.[3] Emre Erik C, Onur Orhan E, Maden M Qualitative Analysis Of Smear Layer Treated With Different Etidronate Concentrations: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Microscopy Research And Technique. 2019 Sep;82(9):1535-41.
[4] Ayoub S, Cheayto A, Bassam S, Najar M, Berbéri A, Fayyad-Kazan M. The Effects Of Intracanal Irrigants And Medicaments On Dental-Derived Stem Cells Fate In Regenerative Endodontics: An Update. Stem Cell Reviews And Reports. 2020 Aug;16(4):650-60.
[5] Grinkevičiūtė P, Povilaitytė G, Siudikienė J. The Effect Of Laser Irradiation In Smear Layer Removal–A Review Of The Literature. European International Journal Of Science And Technology. 2019;8(3):72-84.

Abstract: Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), primarily due to venous hypertension caused by valvular incompetence, often leads to symptoms ranging from limb discomfort to non-healing venous ulcers. Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) offers a minimally invasive solution targeting incompetent perforators. Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of SEPS in patients with perforator incompetence, specifically evaluating symptom reduction using the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and venous ulcer healing. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study......

Key Word: Chronic venous insufficiency, perforator incompetence, SEPS, VCSS, venous ulcers, endoscopic perforator surgery

[1] Douglas WS, Simpson NB. Guidelines For The Management Of Chronic Venous Leg Ulceration. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132:446–52.
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[5] Gloviczki P, Comerota AJ, Dalsing MC, Et Al. The Care Of Patients With Varicose Veins And Associated Chronic Venous Diseases: Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53:2S–48S.

Abstract: Background: Platform switching has emerged as a potential strategy to mitigate crestal bone loss around dental implants. This study aimed to compare marginal bone height changes between platform-switched and standard implants over six months. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 20 patients (10 per group) receiving either platform-switched (Group.......

Key Word: Dental implants, Platform switching, Crestal bone loss, Osseointegration, Randomized controlled trial.

[1] Sanz M, Ivanoff CJ, Weingart D, Wiltfang J, Gahlert M, Cordaro L, Et Al. Clinical And Radiologic Outcomes After Submerged And Transmucosal Implant Placement With Two-Piece Implants In The Anterior Maxilla And Mandible: 3-Year Results Of A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015; 17:234-46.
[2] Klein MO, Bijelic A, Toyoshima T, Götz H, Von Koppenfels RL, Al‐Nawas B, Et Al. Long‐Term Response Of Osteogenic Cells On Micron And Submicron‐Scale‐Structured Hydrophilic Titanium Surfaces: Sequence Of Cell Proliferation And Cell Differentiation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(6):642-9.
[3] Block MS. Immediate Loading Of The Edentulous Mandible. Color Atlas Of Dental Implant Surg. 2015;3:16-45.
[4] Kanayama T, Horii K, Senga Y, Shibuya Y. Crestal Approach To Sinus Floor Elevation For Atrophic Maxilla Using Platelet-Rich Fibrin As The Only Grafting Material: A 1-Year Prospective Study. Implant Dent. 2016;25:32-8.
[5] Lazzara RT, Testori T, Trisi P, Porter SS, Weinstein RL. A Human Histologic Analysis Of Osseotite And Machined Surfaces Using Implants With 2 Opposing Surfaces. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.2013;19(2):117-29

Abstract: Background: Maxillofacial prosthetics is a vital subspecialty of prosthodontics that addresses the rehabilitation of patients with facial defects resulting from trauma, congenital anomalies, or surgical resections. Among these, extraoral prostheses.....

Key Word: Maxillofacial prosthesis, Extraoral prosthesis, Facial defects, Silicone prosthesis, 3D printing, Osseointegrated implants

[1] Chalian Va, Drane Jb, Standish Sm. Maxillofacial Prosthetics: Multidisciplinary Practice. Williams & Wilkins; 1971.
[2] Goiato Mc, Dos Santos Dm, Haddad Mf, Pesqueira Aa. Effect Of Accelerated Aging On The Microhardness And Color Stability Of Flexible Resins For Dentures. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(1):114–9.
[3] Goiato Mc, Haddad Mf, Dos Santos Dm, Pesqueira Aa, Moreno A. Use Of Facial Prostheses In Rehabilitation Of Patients With Head And Neck Cancer. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(4):1121–4.
[4] Lemon Jc, Kiat-Amnuay S, Gettleman L, Martin Jw. Facial Prosthetic Rehabilitation: Preprosthetic Surgical Techniques And Biomaterials. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;13(4):255–62.
[5] Ciocca L, De Crescenzio F, Fantini M, Scotti R. Cad/Cam And Rapid Prototyped Scaffold Construction For Bone Regenerative Medicine And Surgical Transfer Of Virtual Planning. Comput Med Imaging Graph. 2009;33(1):58–62..

Abstract: Root canal treatment (RCT) has been considered the conventional standard for the management of teeth with carious pulp exposure, particularly in mature teeth presenting with symptoms. Following a better understanding of the histopathology of deep carious lesions, the histology of the cariously exposed pulp and the healing potential of the inflamed pulp, vital pulp therapy (VPT) is increasingly adopted around the world for the management of permanent teeth with clinical signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis. The aim of this study......

[1] Taha N. A., Abuzaid A. M., And Khader Y. S., A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Of Pulpotomy Versus Root Canal Therapy In Mature Teeth With Irreversible Pulpitis: Outcome, Quality Of Life, And Patients′ Satisfaction, Journal Of Endodontia. (2023) 49, No. 6, 624–631.E2,
[2] Duncan H., Present Status And Future Directions-Vital Pulp Treatment And Pulp Preservation Strategies, International Endodontic Journal. (2022) 55, No. S3, 497–511,
[3] Lin L., Ricucci D., Saoud T., Sigurdsson A., And Kahler B., Vital Pulp Therapy Of Mature Permanent Teeth With Irreversible Pulpitis From The Perspective Of Pulp Biology, Australian Endodontic Journal. (2020) 46, No. 1, 154–166,[4] European Society Of Endodontology (ESE), Duncan H. F., Galler K. M., Tomson P. L., Simon S., El-Karim I., Kundzina R., Krastl G., Dammaschke T., Fransson H., Markvart M., Zehnder M., And Bjørndal L., European Society Of Endodontology Position Statement: Management Of Deep Caries And The Exposed Pulp, International Endodontic Journal. (2019) 52, No. 7, 923–934
[5] Patro S., Meto A., Mohanty A., Chopra V., Miglani S., Das A., Luke A. M., Hadi D. A., Meto A., Fiorillo L., Karobari M. I., Wahjuningrum D. A., And Pawar A. M., Diagnostic Accuracy Of Pulp Vitality Tests And Pulp Sensibility Tests For Assessing Pulpal Health In Permanent

Abstract: The Double Threads technique offers an innovative approach to the use of molded polydioxanone (PDO) support threads, combining double facial vectorization with an exclusive method of reusing the same thread to maximize the lifting effect and collagen biostimulation. Developed in Brazil by Dr. Marcele Arouca, this technique was designed to offer superior clinical results with a more rational and strategic use of threads, especially considering the high cost.......

Key Word: rejuvenation, molded PDO threads; Double Threading; Advanced facial aesthetics; Facial vectorization; Biostimulation; Minimally invasive lifting, polydioxanone, aesthetics, facial aesthetics, Dermatology

[1] Savoia, A., Landi, S., Baldi, A. (2019). Polydioxanone (PDO) Threads In Aesthetics: A Review. Clinical, Cosmetic And Investigational Dermatology, 12, 709–718.
[2] Gupta, M., Et Al. (2021). PDO Threads: An Evidence-Based Review Of Safety And Efficacy. Journal Of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(1), 27–34.
[3] Souza, R. M., Et Al. (2022). Desafios Econômicos Na Prática Estética Brasileira: Custos, Acesso E Soluções Clínicas. Revista Brasileira De Estética Avançada, 6(1), 45–52.
[4] Chung, B. Y., Et Al. (2020). Thread Lifting: Clinical Experience And Currentperspectives. Dermatologic Surgery, 46(2), 188–195.
[5] Kim HK. Rejuvenation With Absorbable Barbed Lifting Thread: The Importance Of Anchoring Technique. Dermatol Surg. 2020..

Abstract: Horizontal root fracture refers to the presence of a fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth's root. Clinicians find it challenging to manage horizontal root fractures due to the difficulties of creating a stable reunion of fracture fragments. This case report typically illustrates a scenario where MTA & MTA based root canal sealer was used in conjunction with an endodontic file as an intracanal splint for repair of horizontally fractured root......

Key Word: Horizontal root fracture, Intra-radicular splint, Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

[1] Abhilasha K. Dental Trauma And Association With Periodontium. Dental Trauma-Expert Strategies: Expert Strategies. 2025 Mar 5;41.
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[4] Birch R, Rock WB. The Incidence Of Complications Following Root Fractures In Permanent Anterior Teeth. Br Dent J 1986; 160:119–22.
[5] Sübay RK, Sübay MO, Yılmaz B, Kayataş M. Intraradicular Splinting Of A Horizontally Fractured Central Incisor: A Case Report..

Abstract: External Cervical Resorption (ECR) is an uncommon but potentially aggressive form of external tooth resorption that originates near the cervical region of the tooth, just below the epithelial attachment. It is characterized by the loss of hard dental tissues (cementum, dentin) due to the activity of clastic cells, often triggered by factors such as orthodontic treatme nt, trauma, intracoronal bleaching, or periodontal therapy. This case report highlights the etiology, diagnostic challenges, and current treatment modalities for ECR, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in its management.......

Key Word: external cervical resorption, clastic cells, multidisciplinary approach

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[4] Thomas M, Patel S, Ricucci D. Use Of CBCT In The Diagnosis And Management Of External Cervical Resorption. Int Endod J. 2021;54(10):1650–1677.
[5] Mavridou AM Et Al. Treatment Of External Cervical Resorption: A Case Series. Int Endod J. 2017;50(11):1054–1068.