iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2025

Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of responses generated by Google Gemini to frequently asked questions related to composite restoration in dentistry. Methodology: Frequently asked questions were formulated by senior endodontists (n=3) and some from ChatGPT (n=25), These questions were posed to ChatGPT and GoogleGemini separately twice. These responses were separately evaluated by Three senior endodontists using a 5-point Likert scale and a Quality score. Shaprio-wilk test and ANOVA test were conducted for statistical analysis.......

Key Word: ChatGPT; Google Gemini; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Composite Restoration.

[1] Tang Z, Kejriwal M. A Pilot Evaluation Of Chatgpt And DALL-E 2 On Decision Making And Spatial Reasoning. Cornell University Research Journal 2023 .
[2] Milmo, D. (2023) Chatgpt Reaches 100 Million Users Two Months After Launch. The Guardian 2023.
[3] Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K. & Toutanova, K. Bert: Pretraining Of Deep Bidirectional Transformers For Language Understanding Cornell University 2018 .
[4] Malik Sallam , Kholoud-Al-Mahzoum ,Mohammed Sallam, Maad M Mijwil, Deepseek: Is It End Of Generative AI Monopoly Or The Mark Of The Impending Doomsday? Mesopotamian Journal Of Big Data 2025.
[5] Rafia Rasu, Walter Agbor Bawa, Richard Suminski , Kathleen Snell, Bradley Warady Health Literacy Impact On National Healthcare Utilization And Expenditure. International Journal Of Health Policy And Management 2015.

Abstract: Background: Active learning is a student-centered method where learning is made more engaging using various strategies. The aim of the study was to assess whether the teaching-learning methods of model making competition and jigsaw learning improved the knowledge of students in embryology of cardiovascular system.
Materials and Methods: Initially, a total of 3 lecture classes were taken by the faculty to cover the embryology of cardiovascular system. A week later pretest was conducted. 63 1ST year MBBS students were divided into 6 home-teams. Topic for each team was given and the students were asked to make models.......

Key Word: Active learning, Embryology teaching, Didactic lectures, Jigsaw learning, Model making

[1] Knight JK, Wood WB. Teaching More By Lecturing Less. Cell Biology Education. 2005 Dec;4(4):298-310.
[2] Steinert Y. Student Perceptions Of Effective Small Group Teaching. Medical Education. 2004 Mar;38(3):286-93.
[3] Slavin RE. Cooperative Learning. Review Of Educational Research. 1980 Jun;50(2):315-42.
[4] Felder RM, Brent R. Cooperative Learning. Active Learning: Models From The Analytical Sciences. 2007 Aug;970:34-53.
[5] Parmelee D, Michaelsen LK, Cook S, Hudes PD. Team-Based Learning: A Practical Guide: AMEE Guide No. 65. Medical Teacher. 2012 May 1;34(5):E275-87.

Abstract: Pellagroid dermatitis is a skin condition caused by a deficiency in niacin and/or its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan or it may occur secondarily due to conditions such as alcoholism, carcinoid syndrome, drug-induced causes, Hartnup disease. The disease is characterized by the four D’s: Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, and Dementia and in some cases Death. 1 Pellagroid dermatitis is clinically diagnosed based on its distinctive skin lesions, characterized by bilateral, symmetrical sunburn-like patches. These lesions are dry, non-itchy, well-defined, and hyperpigmented, typically affecting photosensitive areas such as the neck, arms, forearms, hands, and occasionally the feet2.

[1] Segula D, Banda P, Mulambia C, Kumwenda JJ. Case Report--A Forgotten Dermatological Disease. Malawi Med J. 2012 Mar;24(1):19-20. PMID: 23638264; PMCID: PMC3588195.
[2] Pinheiro H, Matos Bela M, Leal AF, Nogueira L, Mesquita M. Hidden Hunger: A Pellagra Case Report. Cureus. 2021 Apr 25;13(4):E14682. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.14682. PMID: 34055527; PMCID: PMC8152714. [3] Narasimha VL, Ganesh S, Reddy S, Shukla L, Mukherjee D, Kandasamy A, Chand PK, Benegal V, Murthy P. Pellagra And Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: Findings From A Tertiary Care Addiction Treatment Centre In India. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019 Mar 1;54(2):148-151. Doi: 10.1093/Alcalc/Agz004. PMID: 30721993. [4] Brahmaiah U, Parveda AR, Hemalatha R, Laxmaiah A. Pellagra: A Forgotten Entity. Clinical Dermatology Review. 2019 Jul 1;3(2):126. [5] Harsha NS, Suraj BM, Kanakavidu SS, Kodali R. Pellagra: A Forgotten Ailment In Current Clinical Practice. Medical Journal Of Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth. 2019 Jan 1;12(1):78.

Abstract: Advancements in digital dentistry have led to a revolution in prosthodontics, with 3D printing and rapid prototyping becoming essential tools in treatment planning and execution. These technologies enable precise, time-efficient, and cost-effective fabrication of prosthetic components, ranging from diagnostic models to definitive restorations. This review explores current applications, technological developments, and future trends of 3D printing and rapid prototyping in prosthodontics, with special emphasis on clinical utility, accuracy, materials, and digital workflows. The article also discusses the challenges and prospects for further integration into routine dental practice.

Key Word: 3D printing, Rapid prototyping, Digital dentistry, Additive manufacturing, Prosthodontics, CAD/CAM, Restorations, Bioprinting.

[1] Dawood A, Et Al. 3D Printing In Dentistry. Br Dent J. 2015;219(11):521-9.
[2] Alharbi N, Wismeijer D, Osman RB. Additive Manufacturing Techniques In Prosthodontics. J Prosthodont. 2016;25(2):154–8.
[3] Chia HN, Wu BM. Recent Advances In 3D Printing Of Biomaterials. J Biol Eng. 2015;9:4.
[4] Revilla-León M, Et Al. Accuracy Of 3D Printed Dental Models: A Systematic Review. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(1):51–9.
[5] Deeb GR, Et Al. Full-Arch Implant Surgical Guides: Accuracy And Clinical Factors. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(6):880–7.

Abstract: Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, particularly affecting children and underserved populations. Despite being largely preventable, caries continues to impose a significant burden on public health systems and individual well-being. Traditional strategies—such as fluoride use, dietary counseling, and oral hygiene—have had measurable success but rely heavily on long-term behavioral compliance and regular access to care. As a result, the development of a dental caries vaccine has garnered considerable interest as a more sustainable, immunologically driven solution. This review explores the pathogenesis of caries, focusing on the role of Streptococcus.......

Key Word: Dental caries, vaccine, Streptococcus mutans, mucosal immunity, secretory IgA, glucosyltransferase, nanoparticle vaccine, oral microbiome.

[1] Li Z, Yu C, Chen H. Global, Regional, And National Caries Of Permanent Teeth Incidence, Prevalence, And Disability-Adjusted Life Years, 1990-2021: Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study. BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 13;25(1):715.
[2] Han SY, Chang CL, Wang YL, Wang CS, Lee WJ, Vo TT, Chen YL, Cheng CY, Lee IT. A Narrative Review On Advancing Pediatric Oral Health: Comprehensive Strategies For The Prevention And Management Of Dental Challenges In Children. Children. 2025 Feb 26;12(3):286.
[3] Wu J, Chen J, Lv C, Zhou L. Global, Regional, And National Levels And Trends In Burden Of Dental Caries And Periodontal Disease From 1990 To 2035: Result From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021. BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 29;25(1):844.
[4] Spatafora G, Li Y, He X, Cowan A, Tanner ACR. The Evolving Microbiome Of Dental Caries. Microorganisms. 2024 Jan 7;12(1):121.
[5] Laroche E. Management Practices That Promote Preventive Measures Compliance: A Comparative Analysis Between Hospital Healthcare Workers And Teachers. Safety Science. 2024 Sep 1;177:106591.

Abstract: When two or more intestinal parasite species infect a host at the same time, it is known as intestinal parasitic co-infection. Helminths and protozoa are examples of these parasites. Co-infections can exacerbate immunological response, illness progression, or nutritional state. Segmental colitis is a persistent inflammatory disease that affects a small, restricted area; the rectum and other colonic regions being frequently spared. We report a case of a 45year old man diagnosed with segmental colitis having co-infection of intestinal parasites presenting with large bowel diarrhoea. Patient was co-infected with Giardia intestinalis, Hymenolepis nana and Strongyloides stercoralis..

Key Word: Protozoa, Helminths, Co-infection, Segmental colitis, Giardia intestinalis, Hymenolepis nana, Rhabditiform larva, Strongyloides stercoralis

[1] Tille PM, Editor. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. 15th Ed. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier; 2021 [Copyright 2022]. 1184 P.
[2] Parija SC. Textbook Of Parasitology: Protozoology And Helminthology. 5th Ed. Chennai: All India Publishers & Distributors; 2018.

Abstract: Background of the study: Schizotypal disorder is characterized by pervasive social and interpersonal deficits, as well as cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentric behaviors, but the degree of impairments are lower than that seen in patients with Schizophrenia.1,2 Schizotypal disorder is associated with a high level of disability at an individual level and high societal costs3. However, clinical recommendations for the treatment of schizotypal disorder are scarce and based on limited evidence......

[1] Mcclure MM, Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Et Al. Functional Outcomes, Functional Capacity, And Cognitive Impairment In Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizophr Res 2013;144:146–50.
[2] Cadenhead KS, Perry W, Shafer K, Et Al. Cognitive Functions In Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizophr Res 1999;37:123–32.
[3] Hastrup LH, Jennum P, Ibsen R, Et Al. Costs Of Schizotypal Disorder: A Matched- Controlled Nationwide Register- Based Study Of Patients And Spouses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021;144:60–71.
[4] Gundersen KB, Rasmussen AR, Sandström KO, Albert N, Polari A, Ebdrup BH, Nelson B, Glenthøj LB. Treatment Of Schizotypal Disorder: A Protocol For A Systematic Review Of The Evidence And Recommendations For Clinical Practice. BMJ Open. 2023 Nov 1;13(11):E075140.
[5] Gaebel W. Status Of Psychotic Disorders In ICD-11. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2012 Sep 1;38(5):895-8..

Abstract: Background: Minimally invasive techniques should be employed to maintain pulp vitality without affecting physiological tooth resorption for paediatric patients. Indirect pulp capping (IPC) is a treatment in which biocompatible material such as Calcium hydroxide has traditionally been used as the pulp capping material that preserves pulp vitality. The tunnel defects in the barrier and the tendency for dissolution, however, fails to provide permanent protection to the pulp.......

Key Word: Deciduous teeth, indirect pulp treatment, Calcium hydroxide, light cure)

[1] Momeni-Moghaddam M, Hashemi C, Fathi A, Khamesipour F. Diagnostic Accuracy, Available Treatment, And Diagnostic Methods Of Dental Caries In Practice: A Meta-Analysis. Beni-Suef University Journal Of Basic And Applied Sciences. 2022 May 4;11(1):62.
[2] Fuks AB, Eidelman E. Pulp Therapy In The Primary Dentition. Curr Opin Dent. 1991 Oct;1(5):556–63.
[3] Bogen G, Kim JS, Bakland LK. Direct Pulp Capping With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An Observational Study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;139(3):305 15; Quiz 305–15.
[4] Kotsanos N, Arizos S. Evaluation Of A Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Serving Both As Indirect Pulp Therapy And As Restorative Material For Primary Molars. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2011 Jun;12(3):170–5.
[5] Zander HA. Reaction Of The Pulp To Calcium Hydroxide. J Dent Res. 1939 Aug;18(4):373–9..

Abstract: La granulomatose avec polyangéite (GPA), anciennement appelée granulomatose de Wegener, est une vascularite nécrosante qui touche préférentiellement les voies aériennes supérieures et inférieures et les reins ainsi que de nombreux autres organes et tissus, notamment les structures orbitaires et oculaires. Les manifestations ophtalmologiques, parfois inaugurales, sont observées seules ou associées à d’autres manifestations systémiques de la maladie......

[1] Terrier B, Guillevin L. Vascularites Nécrosantes Systémiques (Périartérite Noueuse Et Vascularites Associées Aux ANCA). Actualisation Du PNDS Vascularites Nécrosantes Systémiques. [1]
[2] Scully C, Langdon J, Evans J. (2012). Marathon Of Eponyms: 23 Wegener Granulomatosis. Oral Dis 18:214Ŕ16 [2]
[3] Tabeti-Bentahar, C. F., Benaouf, S., Ouali, I., Tahraoui, N., BOUZOUINA, F., & OUFRIHA, N. (2021). Granulomatose Avec Polyangéite Ou Maladie De Wegener: A Propos De Deux Observations Cliniques. Algerian Journal Of Health Sciences, 3(3), 102-107. [3]
[4] Granel, J., Korkmaz, B., Nouar, D., Weiss, S. A., Jenne, D. E., Lemoine, R., & Hoarau, C. (2021). Pathogenicity Of Proteinase 3-Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody In Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: Implications As Biomarker And Future Therapies. Frontiers In Immunology, 12, 571933. [4]
[5] Pagnoux C, Teixeira L. (2007). Vascularites Systémiques Liées Aux ANCA. Granulomatose De Wegener. Mise Au Point. Presse Med 36:860Ŕ74. [5]

Abstract: L’atteinte trachéo-bronchique inaugurale est rarement rapportée au cours de la maladie de Hodgkin. La symptomatologie, souvent trompeuse, mime une maladie asthmatique, ce qui est à l’origine d’un un retard diagnostique et thérapeutique. Nous rapportons un cas de lymphome de Hodgkin révélé par une atteinte trachéale.....

[1] Harper PG, Fisher C, Mc Lennan K, Souhami RL. Presentation Of Hodgkin’s Disease As An Endobronchial Lesion. Cancer 1984;53:147-50. [1]
[2] Hamrouni, S., Zaghbi, N., Dahmen, F. B., Mbarek, K., & Abdallah, M. (2016). Une Image Pulmonaire Cavitaire Révélant Un Lymphome De Hodgkin. La Revue De Médecine Interne, 37, A136-A137. [2]
[3] Msaad, S., Yangui, I., Ketata, W., Ayoub, A., & Ayedi, H. (2007). Atteinte Trachéale Révélatrice D’une Maladie De Hodgkin: A Propos D’un Cas. Revue De Pneumologie Clinique, 63(5), 323-325. [3]
[4] Kiani, B., Magro, C. M., & Ross Jr, P. (2003). Endobronchial Presentation Of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Review Of The Literature. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery, 76(3), 967-972. [4]
[5] Diehl LF, Hopper KD, Giguere J, Granger E, Lesar M. The Pattern Of Intrathoracic Hodgkin’s Disease Assessed By Computed Tomography. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:438–443. [5]..

Abstract: Background: The primary objective of this study is to present a detailed case report of a pleomorphic adenoma occurring in the submandibular gland. This includes highlighting the rarity of the condition, diagnostic challenges and methodologies employed to accurately identify the tumor. Additionally, the study aims to discuss the chosen treatment strategy and surgical outcome.......

Key Word: Submandibular gland, Pleomorphic adenoma

[1] Wu Z Et Al.(2022). Surgical Treatment Of A Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma Of The Submandibular Gland: A Case Report. Front. Surg. 8:800563.
[2] Kumar Et Al. Pleomorphic Adenoma Of Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Study Of Cases At Igims, PATNA.JIGM.6(2):P 134-137, Jul–Dec 2020.
[3] Gajbhiye AS Et Al.Pleomorphic Adenoma Of Submandibular Gland: Not So Common Occurrence. Int Surg J (2018);5:657-61.
[4] Rai S Et Al.Pleomorphic Adenoma Of Submandibular Gland: An Uncommon Occurrence. Natl J Maxillofacsurg. 2011 Jan;2(1):66-8..

Abstract: Background: Novel antimicrobial agents are needed for the treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs) due to reported treatment failures and meagre clinical outcomes. Dalbavancin offers an alternative to glycopeptides such as vancomycin in combating resistant gram-positive bacterial pathogens and for use in the outpatient setting. This non-inferiority study aims evaluate the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in comparison with vancomycin followed by linezolid in the treatment of patients with ABSSSIs.
Materials and Methods.......

Key Word: ABSSSI, Dalbavancin, antibiotics

[1] Ramdeen S, Boucher HW. Dalbavancin For The Treatment Of Acute Bacterial Skin And Skin Structure Infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(13):2073–2081.
[2] Hersh AL, Chambers HF, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. National Trends In Ambulatory Visits And Antibiotic Prescribing For Skin And Soft-Tissue Infections. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(14):1585-1591.
[3] Pallin DJ, Egan DJ, Pelletier AJ, Espinola JA, Hooper DC, Camargo CA. Increased US Emergency Department Visits For Skin And Soft Tissue Infections, And Changes In Antibiotic Choices, During The Emergence Of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;51:291-298[4] Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Et Al. Practice Guidelines For The Diagnosis And Management Of Skin And Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):147–159.
[5] National Treatment Guidelines For Antimicrobial Use In Infectious Disease. National Centre For Disease Control, Directorate General Of Health Services, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare, Government Of India; (Version 1.0, 2016) Http://Pbhealth.Gov.In/AMR_Guideline7001495889.Pdf.

Abstract: Hepatic cirrhosis is a severe chronic condition requiring rigorous and long-term management. Patient involvement in disease monitoring largely depends on their understanding of the condition. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge among patients being followed for hepatic cirrhosis, regardless of etiology, within the gastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Tangier. A questionnaire was administered to 40 patients diagnosed.......

Key Word: Cirrhosis, patient knowledge, therapeutic adherence, therapeutic education.

[1] Bosetti C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Et Al. Worldwide Mortality From Cirrhosis: An Update To 2002. J Hepatol. 2007;46:827–39.
[2] Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Et Al. Prevention And Management Of Gastroesophageal Varices And Variceal Hemorrhage In Cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46:922–38.
[3] Runyon BA. Management Of Adult Patients With Ascites Due To Cirrhosis: An Update. Hepatology. 2009;49:2087–107.
[4] Riley TR, Smith JP. Preventive Care In Chronic Liver Disease. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14:699–704.
[5] Volk ML, Piette JD, Singal AS, Et Al. Chronic Disease Management For Patients With Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:14–6.E1..

Abstract: Background: CA 19.9 is the most common and validated diagnostic tumor marker for PDAC used in clinical practice. However, it has poor predictive value in patient with no symptoms. Thus, to increase its diagnostic accuracy and avoid dismal prognosis it should be used in combination with other biomarkers. There are some studies on use of MIC-1 in PDAC. But, diagnostic value of MIC-1 particularly in combination with CA19–9 in PDAC is still worth exploring. Thus, this study is planned to find diagnostic efficacy of MIC-1 and CA19.9 in PDAC........

Key Word: Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1, Carbohydrate Antigen 19–9, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

[1] Lumir Kunovsky, Pavla Tesarikova Et.Al. The Use Of Biomarkers In Early Diagnostics Of Pancreatic Cancer. Canadian Journal Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology; Article ID 5389820,2018:1-10.
[2] Ferlay J, Ervik M Et.Al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency For Research On Cancer, 2024.
[3] Sung H, Ferlay J Et.Al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates Of Incidence And Mortality Worldwide For 36 Cancers In 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 Feb 4. Doi: 10.3322/Caac.21660. Epub Ahead Of Print. PMID: 33538338.
[4] Ferlay J, Colombet M Et.Al. Cancer Statistics For The Year 2020: An Overview. Int J Cancer. 2021 Apr 5. Doi: 10.1002/Ijc.33588. Epub Ahead Of Print. PMID: 33818764.
[5] Jens Koopmann, Nicole White Rosenzweig Et.Al. Serum Markers In Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 Versus CA 19-9. Clin Cancer Res, 12(2); 2006:442-6..