iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2025

Abstract: Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with varied presentations and outcomes. Parental involvement has emerged as a significant factor influencing prognosis. This study evaluates the outcomes of children diagnosed with ASD based on DSM-5 criteria, with a focus on the role of active parental involvement......

Key Word: ASD, ADHD, DSMV, Epilepsy, Speech

[1]. Zwaigenbaum L, et al. Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Pediatrics. 2015.
[2]. Schreibman L, et al. Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015.
[3]. Chez MG, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders. J Child Neurol. 2002.
[4]. Tuchman R, et al. Epilepsy and Autism: Neurodevelopmental Perspectives. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009

Abstract: Résumé L’hématome intra-mural de l’aorte est une pathologie rare, faisant partie du spectre des syndromes aortiques aigus. Sa rupture dans la cavité pleurale constitue une complication exceptionnelle, engageant le pronostic vital. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 54ans, sans antécédents médicaux notables, admis pour une douleur thoracique droite avec dyspnée d’effort. L’imagerie thoracique initiale a révélé un épanchement pleural droit et la ponction pleurale........

[1]. Mazen SA, Michael FG, Leslie BM, Marvin DP, Chittur AS. Right-sided hemothorax: an uncommon manifestation of type B aortic dissection (descending aortic dissection). Chest 2004;126:958.
[2]. Bousnina S, Zendah I, Marniche K, Racil H, Kachboura S, Megdiche ML, Chabbou A. Hémothorax gauche, mode de révélation d’une dissection aortique. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2007 Avr;63(2):119–22. doi:10.1016/S0761-8417(07)90113-3.
[3]. Paolucci M, Van Damme H, Boesmans E, Desiron Q, Defraigne JO. Hématome intramural aortique de type A : une entité clinique sous-évaluée. J Med Vasc. 2018 Mai;43(3):206–12. doi:10.1016/j.jdmv.2018.03.004.
[4]. Evangelista A, Mukherjee D, Mehta RH, et al. Acute intramural hematoma of the aorta: a mystery in evolution. Circulation. 2005;111(8):1063–1070. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000156444.26393.80
[5]. Ganaha F, Miller DC, Sugimoto K, et al. Prognosis of aortic intramural hematoma with and without penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer: a clinical and radiological analysis. Circulation. 2002;106(3):342–348. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000022164.26075.5a.

Abstract: Background: Wide range of pathogens are responsible for causing lower respiratory tract infection and it is a leading cause of human disease-causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Excessive and irrational use of antibiotics leads in developing of resistance in gram positive and gram-negative organisms, thus resulting in the emergence of pathogens which are difficult to treat.......

Key Word: Sputum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lower respiratory tract infection

[1]. Reid PT, Innes JA. Respiratory disease. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 2010;641–730.
[2]. Singh, J., Shah, A., Parmar, H., &Duttaroy, B. (2025). Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(1), 167–174.
[3]. García-Vázquez E, Marcos MA, Mensa J, de Roux A, Puig J, Font C, et al. Assessment of the usefulness of sputum culture for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia using the port predictive scoring system. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(16):1807
[4]. Pattanayak C, Patanaik S, Datta P, Panda P. A study on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. IJBCP 2013;2(2):153.
[5]. Nasim O, Rustam Z, Mufarrih SM. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of sputum samples in patients presenting to the pulmonology ward of a tertiary care hospital. J Rehman Med Inst. 2018 Apr Jun;4(2):16-9..

Abstract: Background: Azygos lobe is a rare, anatomical variation found in the upper lobe of the right lung. Typically located in the apico medial region of the right lung, the azygos lobe is separated from the rest of the right upper lobe by a visible fissure called the azygos fissure. It is not considered a true separate lobe, as it lacks its own bronchus and does not correspond.......

Key Word: Case series, Azygos Lobe, Computed tomography

[1]. Wrisberg HA(1777) Observationes anatomicae de vena azyga duplici,aliisque hujus venae varietatibus. Novis Commentariis Societas Reg. Scient., Goettingen,TOME III,14
[2]. V.T. Salve, J.S. Atram Y.V. Mhaske, Azygos lobe presenting as right para-tracheal shadow,Lung India 32(1)(2015Jan-Feb)85-86
[3]. Akhtar J, Lal A, Martin KB, Popkin J. Azygos lobe: A rare cause of right paratracheal opacity. Respir Med Case Rep. 2018 Feb 3;23:136-137.
[4]. Mpolokeng KS, Madolo MY, Louw GJ, Gunston G. Anatomical variations in lung fissures leading to supernumerary lobes in the lungs. Translational research in anatomy. 2022 Sep 1;28:100209.
[5]. Stibbe P. The accessory pulmonary lobe of the vena azygos. J Anat.1919 53:305-314..

Abstract: La main est un organe complexe, caractérisé par la multiplicité de ses fonctions, une liberté dans l’espace et une relation avec le monde extérieur, l’exposant au risque traumatique en particulier dans les contextes d’agression, accident de travail, accident domestique etc.…. On distingue les amputations totales des amputations subtotales caractérisées par une interruption de la circulation sanguine avec persistance d’une connexion osseuse, tendineuse, nerveuse ou cutanée. Depuis la première.....

[1]. Atroshi I, Rosberg HE. Epidemiology of amputations and severe injuries of the hand. Hand Clin 2001 ; 17 343-50.
[2]. Battiston B, Tos P, Clemente A, Pontini I. Actualities in big segments replantation surgery. J Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 2007 ; 60 : 849e855.
[3]. Hoang NT. Hand replantations following complete amputations at the wrist joint : first experiences in Hanoi, Vietnam. J HandSurg 2006 ; 31B : 9-17.
[4]. Sabapathy SR, Venkatramani H, Bharathi RR, Dheenadhayalan J, Bhat VR, Rajasekaran S. Technical considerations andfunctional outcome of 22 major replantations. J Hand Surg 2007 ; 32 : 488-501
[5]. Chung KC, Alderman AK. Replantation of the upper extremity: indications and outcomes. J Am Soc Surg Hand 2002 ; 2 : 78- 94..

Abstract: Reconstruction of plantar heel defects poses a significant challenge due to the specialized glabrous skin required for weight-bearing functions. The medial plantar artery flap (MPAF) has emerged as an optimal solution, offering a sensate, glabrous skin that is essential for the functional restoration of the heel. In this report, we present five cases with heel tissue defects who underwent reconstruction......

Key Word: heel defect, medial plantar artery flap, foot reconstruction

[1]. Langat AS, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Johar SF: Heel pad reconstruction with medial plantar flap. Cureus. 2021, 13:e13987. 10.7759/cureus.13987
[2]. Macchi V, Tiengo C, Porzionato A, et al. Correlation between the course of the medial plantar artery and the morphology of the abductor hallucis muscle. Clin Anat 2005;18:580–8
[3]. Rodriguez-Vegas M. Medialis pedis flap in the reconstruction of palmar skin defects of the digits: clarifying the anatomy of the medial plantar artery. Ann Plast Surg 2014;72(5):542–552
[4]. Benito-Ruiz J, Yoon T, Guisantes-Pintos E, et al. Reconstruction of soft-tissue de fects of the heel with local fasciocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2004;52(4): 380–4.
[5]. Mourougayan V. Medial plantar artery (instep flap) flap. Ann Plast Surg 2006; 56(2):160–3

Abstract: Background: The cusp of Carabelli is a commonly observed non-metric dental trait found on the mesiolingual surface of the maxillary first permanent molars. It exhibits considerable variations in expression, ranging from a well-developed cusp to a groove or pit and may appear unilaterally or bilaterally. The trait is of significant interest in dentistry, anthropology and genetics due to its morphological variability and population-specific prevalence. In......

[1]. Upul Dissanayake ,MS Chandrasekera,ER Wikramanayke.The prevalence and mode of inheritance of Carabelli trait in the Sinhalese.The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science 2004;47:7-15.
[2]. .M Krithika,M Manju,R Praveen,W Umesh.Ethnic association of cusp of Carabelli trait and shoveling trait in an Indian population.Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.2016 Mar ,Vol-10(3):ZC78-ZC81.
[3]. Hunter JP, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Weston TC, Durner R, Betsinger TK. Model of tooth morphogenesis predicts carabelli cusp expression, size, and symmetry in humans. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 29;5(7):e11844.
[4]. Salazar-Ciudad I, Jernvall J. A gene network model accounting for development and evolution of mammalian teeth. Proc Natl Acad

Abstract: Tobacco smoking remains a leading modifiable risk factor for numerous systemic and oral diseases, with substantial global health consequences. This review highlights the interconnected mechanisms through which smoking influences oral homeostasis, cardiovascular function, and pulmonary health. Nicotine and tobacco-derived toxins disrupt gingival microcirculation and promote oral microbial dysbiosis, facilitating periodontal disease progression. Chronic periodontal inflammation subsequently contributes to systemic inflammatory burden, endothelial.......

Key Word: Cardiovascular system; Oral disease; Respiratory system; Systemic disease; Smoking

[1]. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Tobacco. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco. Accessed on: June 12, 2025.
[2]. Johnson N, Bain C. Tobacco and oral disease. In: British Dental Journal. British Dental Association, London, p. 200–206, 2000.
[3]. SILVA, H. Tobacco use and periodontal disease – the role of microvascular dysfunction. Biology (Basel), v. 10, n. 5, p. 441, 2021.
[4]. Javed F, Rahman I, Romanos GE. Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants. In: Periodontology 2000. Wiley, Hoboken, p. 48–56, 2019.
[5]. JOHNSON, G.K.; HILL, M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. J Periodontol, v. 75, p. 196–209, 2004.