IOSR-JHSS   Volume-30 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2025

Abstract: The paper looks at changes and continuities in the themes, issues and conflicts animating Bihar's political process, changes in the state inter-party competion, tensions between the logic of electoral democracy and political institutions, mobilization and changing narratives of "primordial" groups in the political arena in the backdrop of revolution of rising expectations and discontent in a densely populated and economically backward state; entwined with these are events and changing faces of political leaders in the state in different phases. Moreover, there has been a complex interplay between national and state politics in every phase.........

Keywords: state politics in India; political process; political parties; politicization; democratization

[1] Singh, NK & Nicholas Stern (Ed): The New Bihar, 2013, Harper Collins India, New Delhi
[2] Brass, Paul R: “The Political Uses Of Crisis: The Bihar Famine Of 1966-1967”, Journal Of Asian Studies, Vol. XLV, No.2, February, 1986
[3] Wood, John R: “Extra-Parliamentary Opposition In India: An Analysis Of Populist Agitations In Gujarat And Bihar”, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 48, No.3 (Autumn, 1975).
[4] Kumar, Sanjay: Post-Mandal Politics In Bihar, 2018, Sage, New Delhi.

Abstract: This study has conducted to investigate the Grice’s maxims that are used by Iraqi college students. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach to identify Grice's maxims among college students on social media. Participants and a sample were not used in this study to get the primary data. Eight images extracted from college students' posts on various social media platforms serve as the study's corpus. In order to determine where college students......

Key Word: Grice, Grice’s Maxims, Cooperative Principle, and Social Media

[1] Berners-Lee,T.2000.Weavingtheweb.London: Texerepublishing.
[2] Brown, G. (1989). Making Sense: The Interaction Of Linguistic Expression And Contextual Information. Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 97-108.
[3] Darighgoftar, S., & Ghaffari, F. (2012). Different Homeopathic Characters Violate Cooperative Principles Differently. International Journal Of Linguistics, 4, 266-280.
[4] Davies, B. (2008). Grice's Cooperative Principle: Getting The Meaning Across. Leeds Working Papers In Linguistics, 8, 1-26.
[5] Grice,H.P.(1975).Logicandconversation.Universityofcalifornia:Berkeley..

Abstract: Bhabani Bhattacharya stands out in Indian English literature for his ability to blend political awareness with human emotions. Among the central themes in his novels are hunger and the feminine experience. This paper explores how Bhattacharya portrays hunger not only as a physical condition but also as a symbol of emotional and spiritual deprivation—especially in the lives of women. Novels such as So Many Hungers! and He Who Rides a Tiger highlight how hunger, in its many forms, intersects with the struggles of womanhood. Through these narratives, Bhattacharya presents women not only as victims of poverty and patriarchy but also as symbols of strength, resistance, and transformation.

Key Word: Hunger, Survive, Political, Equality

[1] Bhattacharya, Bhabani. So Many Hungers!. Hind Pocket Books, 1947.
[2] Bhattacharya, Bhabani. He Who Rides A Tiger. Hind Pocket Books, 1955.
[3] Mukherjee, Meenakshi. Realism And Reality: The Novel And Society In India. Oxford University Press, 1985.
[4] Sinha, Sunita. Post-Colonial Women Writers: New Perspectives. Atlantic Publishers, 2008.
[5] Sen, Amartya. Poverty And Famines: An Essay On Entitlement And Deprivation. Oxford University Press, 1981

Abstract: I identify what appears to be a glaring inconsistency between what Joseph Raz says on euthanasia in a 2012 lecture and what he says on well-being within his most celebrated book, The Morality of Freedom. There also appears to be a subtler inconsistency between what he says and his endorsement of H.L.A. Hart’s opposition to a definitional project.....

[1] Edward, T.R. 2022. H.L.A. Hart On Defining A Law As A Subtype Of An Unclear Type. Available At:
Https://Philpapers.Org/Rec/EDWHHO
[2] Hart, H.L.A. 2012 (Third Edition). The Concept Of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[3] Raz, J. 1986. The Morality Of Freedom. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[4] Raz, J. 1993. H.L.A. Hart (1907-1992). Utilitas 5 (2): 145-156.
[5] Raz, J. 2013. Death In Our Life. Journal Of Applied Philosophy 30 (1): 1-11

Abstract: Education enables an individual to look at society and its aspects with a wider perspective. Without education, people are unable to develop the basic sense required. Around three fourth of the country's population belong to the rural area. With literate and educated rural Indians, our country might emerge as a developed nation. Since being eligible for higher education is found to be the key factor in participation, it also explores the role of supply-side constraints by controlling for the distance to a secondary school. Econometric estimations for rural and urban areas indicate....

Key Words: Access, Rural Youth, Higher Education, Development: Access, Rural Youth, Higher Education, Development

[1]. Government of India. (2009). The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. Ministry of Law and Justice.
[2]. Planning Commission. (2013). Twelfth five year plan (2012–2017): Social sectors (Vol. 3). SAGE Publications.
[3]. Ministry of Education. (2024). All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2023–24. Government of India.
[4]. University Grants Commission (UGC). (2023). Annual report 2022–23. Retrieved from https://www.ugc.ac.in
[5]. Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2020). Educational statistics at a glance. Government of India.