iosr-JRME   Volume-15 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2025

Abstract: In Geography education, knowledge is not only stored in textual form but also conveyed richly through visual channels such as maps, diagrams, statistical tables, charts, photographs, videos, and documentaries. These visual resources offer strong illustrative value and stimulate spatial thinking - an essential competency in the discipline. Therefore, to optimize the process of knowledge acquisition, teachers need to actively guide students in systematically extracting information from both textual and visual sources.....

Key Words: Teaching, Geography, Competency, Visual Channels, Teachers, Students.

[1]. Ministry Of Education And Training (2018). General Education Program - Overall Program (Promulgated Together With Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDĐT, Dated December 26, 2018, By The Minister Of Education And Training). Hanoi.
[2]. Ministry Of Education And Training (2018). General Education Program - Subject: Geography (Promulgated Together With Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDĐT, Dated December 26, 2018, By The Minister Of Education And Training). Hanoi.
[3]. Ministry Of Education And Training - Vietnam - Belgium Project (2010). Active Teaching And Learning: Some Methods And Techniques Of Teaching And Learning. Hanoi: Vietnam National University Of Education Publishing House.
[4]. Nguyen Lang Binh. Active Teaching And Learning: Some Methods And Techniques Of Teaching And Learning. Hanoi: Vietnam National University Of Education Publishing House.
[5]. Pham Thi Sen (2020). “Application Of The Principle Of Ensuring Scientific Validity And Appropriateness In Designing Geography Lessons In Upper Secondary Schools”. Vietnam Journal Of Educational Sciences.

Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring in managing mathophobia among secondary school students of different age groups in Onueke education zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two research hypotheses guided the study. The study sample consisted of 60 participants whose ages ranged between 15 -18 years and above drawn from the entire population of 13,283 Senior Secondary Two ( SS II) students.....

Key Words: cognitive restructuring, mathematics, mahophobia.

[1]. Egbochukwu, E.O And Obodo, B.O (2005). Effect Of Systematic Desensitization Therapy On The Reduction Of Test Anxiety Among Adolescents In Nigeria N Schools. Retrieved From Https://Www.Freepantsonime.Com/Article/Journal-Institutional-Psycology.
[2]. Home School Math (2015. 7 Reasons Behind Math Anxiety And How To Prevent It. Retrieval From
Https://Www.Homeschoolmath.Net/Heading/Motivate Php.
[3]. Marshall, L. (2020) Math Myths: Are Boys Really Better A Maths? Retrieve From
Https://Www.Webmd.Com/Parenting/Features/Math-Myths-Oysgirls#1.
[4]. Nworie, M. (2022). Effect Of Cognitive Restructuring On The Management Of Mathophobia Among Secondary School Students In Onueke Education Zone Of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.
[5]. Okafor, C. F. And Amduaka, U. S. (20013). Nigeria School Children And Mathematics Phobia: How The Mathematics Teacher Can Help. American Journal Of Educational Research. 1 (7), 247 – 251)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of promoting the classified development of academic and professional degree graduate education, deepening the reform of teaching and learning in professional degree graduate education under the guidance of the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept has become an important aspect of talent cultivation and professional development in higher education institutions. The thesis takes the curriculum reform of the Education Master's program at Anyang Normal University as an opportunity to explore the theoretical curriculum system design and research based on the OBE concept, providing a beneficial attempt to cultivate high-level applied talents that meet the needs of national basic education.

Key Words: OBE concept; Education Master's; curriculum system construction

[1]. Liu Xianjun. On University Curriculum Design[J]. Higher Education Research, 2018(3):51-57.
[2]. National Professional Degree Graduate Education Steering Committee. Basic Requirements For Doctoral And Master's Degrees In Professional Degree Categories (Fields)[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2015:49-58.
[3]. Su Pengpeng, Li Manli. Constructing A General Education Curriculum Teaching And Evaluation System Based On The Obe Concept: A Case Study Of Tsinghua University[J]. Research In Higher Engineering Education, 2018(2):129-135.
[4]. Wang Angran, Wang Yana, Shen Huafen, Et Al. Reform, Innovation, And Practice Of Graduate Education In Chemical Engineering In The New Era: A Case Study Of Zhejiang University[J]. Higher Education In Chemical Engineering, 2022, 39(5):62-66.
[5]. Xia Li, Li Qiang, Huang Aihua, Hu Fang. Research On Personalized Talent Cultivation Models Based On A "Layered And Graded" Curriculum System[J]. Research In Higher Engineering Education, 2021(4):118-124.