IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2026

Abstract: Accurate cost estimation is a critical component of project management and plays a significant role in determining the success of donor-funded public health projects. Despite increased funding from development partners, many public health projects in Kenya continue to experience budget overruns, resource inefficiencies, and implementation challenges that negatively affect project performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between project cost estimation and the performance of donor-funded public health projects in Kenya and to assess the...

Keywords: Cost Estimation, Organizational Process Assets, Project Performance, Donor-Funded Public Health Projects, Kenya

[1]. Chawla, V. K., Chanda, A. K., Surjit, A., & Chawla, R. G. (2018). The sustainable project management: A review and future possibilities. 14.
[2]. Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 6–12.
[3]. Evers, B. A. (2018). The complexity of SDG implementation. Erasmus University Rotterdam, 26.
[4]. Inaam , A. M. (2016). Research Design. Research Gate, 68.
[5]. Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, 12th Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons

Abstract: What does it truly mean for a society to prosper? At first glance, prosperity may appear to consist in producing more, generating wealth, and improving material conditions. Yet this definition is insufficient when economic growth coexists with deep inequality, relations of dependence, or unequal access to the benefits of production. This article places Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau in dialogue in order to examine the relationship between economic prosperity and social well-being. Smith explains how the division of labor, exchange, and the pursuit of individual.....

Keywords: Adam Smith, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, social well-being, economic prosperity, general will, inequality, representative economies

[1] A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner, Eds. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Liberty Fund, 1981. Original work published 1776.
[2] J.J. Rousseau, The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, V. Gourevitch, Ed. and Trans. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Original work published 1762.
[3] M. P. Paganelli, D. C. Rasmussen, and C. Smith, Eds., Adam Smith and Rousseau: Ethics, Politics, Economics. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, doi: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.001.0001.
[4] D.C. Rasmussen, The Problems and Promise of Commercial Society: Adam Smith’s Response to Rousseau. University Park, PA, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008, doi: 10.5325/j.ctv14gpf88.

Abstract: Drought and extreme temperatures are increasingly severe in Kenya’s Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, causing crop failures, livestock deaths, water shortages, food insecurity, and loss of livelihoods. This study assessed climate trends, vulnerability, and adaptation strategies among agro-pastoral communities in Taita-Taveta County. Simple random and purposive sampling were used to select respondents. Primary data was collected through questionnaires administered to 298 rural household heads, field observations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews.....

Keywords: Adaptation, Climate change, Variability, Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Agro-pastoralism

[1]. Adam, A. M. (2020). Sample size determination in survey research. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 26(5), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2020/v26i530263
[2]. Amwata, D. A., Nyariki, D. M., & Musimba, N. R. K. (2016). Factors influencing pastoral and agropastoral household vulnerability to food insecurity in the drylands of Kenya: A case study of Kajiado and Makueni Counties. Journal of International Development, 28(5), 771–787. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3123[3].
County Government of Taita Taveta. (2023). Taita Taveta County integrated development plan 2023–2027. County Government of Taita Taveta.
[4]. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
[5]. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications..

Abstract: Alienation, identity, and belongingness are recurring concerns in postcolonial literature, particularly in narratives of migration, displacement, and cultural dislocation. This study examines the loss of identity and the quest for belongingness in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Admiring Silence (1996), By the Sea (2001), and Gravel Heart (2017). The study seeks to establish how migration and displacement affect characters’ sense of identity and how their experiences of exclusion motivate their search for acceptance and belonging. The analysis is guided by Hegel’s Social.....

Keywords: Alienation; belongingness; identity; migration; displacement; social exclusion; Abdulrazak Gurnah; Hegel; Marx.

[1]. Ahmed, S. (2000). Strange encounters: Embodied others in post-coloniality. Routledge.
[2]. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
[3]. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
[4]. Byrne, D. (2005). Social exclusion (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
[5]. Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. W. W. Norton & Company..

Abstract: This study investigates how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and parenting styles interact to influence adult mental health and resilience. 94 U.S. adults completed the ACE questionnaire, Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), and Resilience Scale (RS-14). Correlational analysis revealed authoritative parenting, experienced by participants from both mothers and fathers, and permissive parenting, experienced.....

[1]. Berkien, M., Louwerse, A., Verhulst, F., & van der Ende, J. (2012). Children’s perceptions of dissimilarity in parenting styles are associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 21(2), 79-85.
[2]. Bronfenbrenner, U. (2000). Ecological systems theory. American Psychological Association.
[3]. Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1),110–119. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_13
[4]. Caldera, Y. M., & Lindsey, E. W. (2006). Coparenting, mother-infant interaction, and infant-parent attachment relationships in two-parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(2), 275.
[5]. Chang, J.-J., Ji, Y., Li, Y.-H., Yuan, M.-Y., & Su, P.-Y. (2021). Childhood trauma and depression in college students: Mediating and moderating effects of psychological resilience. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 65, 102824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102824

Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has become a routine source of linguistic support, feedback, and idea generation for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. At the same time, its ability to complete substantial portions of academic work raises concerns about cognitive offloading and the preservation of learner judgment. This study examines actual patterns of AI use in an EFL learning context and considers how formal guidance and teacher expectations may support a shift from simple task delegation toward more reflective AI.....

Keywords: Generative AI; EFL writing; cognitive offloading; reflective AI use; AI guidance; teacher expectations; learner agency

[1] Nguyen, T. H. (2025). Educating for ethical digital citizenship in the AI era. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 30(12, Series 2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-3012024757
[2] Nguyen, T. H. (2026a). Designing ethical guidelines for emotion-sensitive AI in classrooms. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 31(3, Series 1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-3103016578
[3] Nguyen, T. H. (2026b). Assisted or replaced? Generative AI and the erosion of students’ critical thinking and verification practices. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 16(2, Series 3), 39-57. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-1602033957
[4] Risko, E. F., & Gilbert, S. J. (2016). Cognitive offloading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 676-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.07.002
[5] Barrot, J. S. (2023). Using ChatGPT for second language writing: Pitfalls and potentials. Assessing Writing, 57, 100745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2023.100745

Abstract: Résumé La République démocratique du Congo (RDC) se trouve à un tournant décisif de son histoire. Avec une population estimée à plus de 110 millions d'habitants et un taux de croissance démographique d'environ 3 % par an, le pays devrait approcher les 148 millions d'habitants d'ici 2035. Cette dynamique démographique, portée par une jeunesse représentant plus de 60 % de la population, constitue à la fois un atout considérable et un défi majeur. Le chômage et le sous-emploi touchent plus de 70 % des jeunes, tandis que 18 % d'entre eux arrivent sur le marché du travail sans......

[1]. Academia.edu. (2026). Le Congo contre le temps : 2025-2035, la décennie décisive entre planification et chaos. https://www.academia.edu/165242995/
[2]. ACP. (2026, 1er juillet). RDC : le programme présidentiel « Debout Jeunes Congolais » doté d'un budget de 1,3 milliards USD. https://acp.cd/business/rdc-le-programme-presidentiel-debout-jeunes-congolais-dote-dun-budget-de-13-milliards-usd/
[3]. ACP. (2026, 25 mai). RDC : le rôle de régulation de la formation professionnelle expliquée à l'Assemblée nationale. https://acp.cd/nation/rdc-le-role-de-regulation-de-la-formation-professionnelle-expliquee-a-lassemblee-nationale/
[4]. ACIOMAG. (2025, 10 septembre). En RDC, le système éducatif amorce sa transition vers les technologies émergentes. https://cio-mag.com/en-rdc-le-systeme-educatif-amorce-sa-transition-vers-les-technologies-emergentes/
[5]. Actualite.cd. (2026, 14 janvier). Accords de Washington et de Doha : Daniel Mukoko Samba trace les perspectives économiques pour la jeunesse congolaise. https://actualite.cd/2026/01/14/accords-de-washington-et-de-doha-daniel-mukoko-samba-trace-les-perspectives-economiques.

Abstract: Résumé La République démocratique du Congo connaît une urbanisation rapide, alimentée par un exode rural massif. Celui-ci n’est pas seulement l’effet d’une attraction urbaine, mais surtout la conséquence de la pauvreté, des conflits armés, du déficit d’infrastructures, de la pression foncière et de la dégradation environnementale. Cet article analyse......

[1]. Autesserre, S. (2010). The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding. Cambridge University Press.
[2]. De Boeck, F., & Plissart, M.-F. (2004). Kinshasa: Tales of the Invisible City. Ludion.
[3]. De Haan, A. (1999). Livelihoods and poverty: The role of migration. Journal of Development Studies, 36(2), 1–47.
[4]. FAO. (2017). The State of Food and Agriculture 2017: Leveraging Food Systems for Inclusive Rural Transformation. FAO.
[5]. IOM. (2019). World Migration Report 2020. International Organization for Migration.