IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2026

Abstract: Relapse remains one of the most persistent challenges in the treatment of alcohol and substance use disorder (SUD). The objective of this study was to determine the key predictors of relapse among individuals recovering from alcohol and substance use disorder in rehabilitation centres in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was primarily guided by the Psycho-Spiritual Wellbeing (PSWB) Theory proposed by Egunjobi (2024), with additional support from the Trans-theoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1992). Using...

Keywords: relapse predictors, alcohol and substance use disorder, rehabilitation, qualitative thematic analysis, Nairobi, Kenya.

[1]. Abiola, A., Toure, M., & Fall, I. (2021). Traditional Islamic healing and substance recovery in Senegal. African Journal of Mental Health, 8(1), 22-38.
[2]. Adalla, D. (2023). Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and associated socio-demographic factors in patients with alcohol use disorder at Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital Centre for Substance Abuse Treatment [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Nairobi[3].
Afen, I.E. (2026). Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation among University Students in Karen, Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), XI (VII), pp. 2200-2208
[4]. Arabshahi, S., Haghdoost, A. A., Mirzaei, M., & Shokoohi, M. (2023). Psychosocial factors associated with relapse among individuals with substance use disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Use, 28(4), 455-463.

Abstract: Background: The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) represents a fundamental achievement in guaranteeing the right to health, grounded in the principles of universality, comprehensiveness, and equity. However, demographic, epidemiological, technological, and organizational changes require the system to advance beyond ensuring access toward delivering effective, high-quality, and resolutive care. This study analyzes the challenges and perspectives for consolidating this transition toward the 2030 horizon.
Materials and.....

Keywords: Unified Health System; Universal Access; Care Effectiveness; Health Services Management; Health

[1]. de Freitas MAB, Cohn A, Pinto RMF. THE UNIVERSE OF THE QUESTIONABLE UNIVERSAL.
[2]. QUALITY OF THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM. Academic Journal of the Faculty of Law of Recife. 2018 June;90(1):48. Available from:https://doi.org/10.51359/ 2448-2307.2018.231223.
[3]. Sganzerla AVM, da Silva AA, and Pádua APC, Ribeiro CCM, Freitas CC, Sauer NS, et al. In: Sganzerla AVM, da Silva AA, and Pádua APC, Ribeiro CCM, Freitas CC, Sauer NS, et al., editors. PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRAL HEALTH CARE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM (SUS). Aurum Editora Ltda; 2026. p. 14 23. Available from:https://doi.org/10.63330/livroautoral502026-001

Abstract: Protest movements fail or succeed depending on the strength of the language style adopted for mobilisation. This paper examines innovative language use as the creative re-purposing of existing communicative resources for a new discursive purpose. This is in line with the register of political dissent. It examines how Kenyan Generation Z (Gen-Z) protesters constructed political meaning on X (formerly Twitter) during the June–July 2024 Finance Bill protests, with the aim of describing the linguistic strategies through which humour, hybrid language and multimodal composition were deployed for political ends. Seventy-two protest artefacts - textual posts, hashtags, memes, posters, videos and screenshots collected between 18 June and 31 July 2024 - were purposively sampled......

Keywords: Gen-Z, linguistic innovation, multimodality, protest discourse

[1]. Adem, S. A. (2019). Democratic social movement framing dynamics: Framing of the Oromo protest movement by the international news media, Oromo activists, international human rights groups, and the Ethiopian government officials [Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University]. https://doi.org/10.57709/14319167
[2]. Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
[3]. Boukhelif, N., Abdelhadi, A., & Sahli, N. (2023). Relevance maxim violation and conversational implicature in online humorous discourse. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 19(4), 98–105. https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/5498
[4]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
[5]. Gibson, H., Githiora, C., Kanana Erastus, F., & Marten, L. (2024). Morphosyntactic retention and innovation in Sheng, a youth language or stylect of Kenya. Studies in Language, 48(4), 909–950. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.22017.gib.

Abstract: Background: Existing research on educational marginalisation in informal settlements has tended to treat households' historical disadvantage as a static condition that predicts poor outcomes, with little attention to how disadvantaged households interpret that disadvantage and translate awareness of it into proactive strategies for their children's schooling. Kenya's policy of a 100% transition from primary to secondary education is a step towards achieving....

Keywords: primary-to-secondary school transition; empowerment theory; historical marginalisation; Kibera, Kenya.

[1]. Abuya, B. (2025). We created a support programme for schools in Nairobi's informal settlements: what we learned. The Conversation, September 14.
[2]. Agarwal, Y. (2020). Urban marginalisation, exclusion and education: The widows' colony in Delhi. https://doi.org/10.25360/01-2020-00034
[3]. Agayi, C. O., & Sağ, N. S. (2020). An evaluation of urban regeneration efforts in Kibera, Kenya through slum upgrading. International Development and Administration Journal, 2(2), 176–192. https://www.idajournal.com/index.php/ida/article/download/59/23

Abstract: This paper investigates the structuring mechanism of structural metaphor in the culinary domain through an analysis of 408 Vietnamese idioms and proverbs. Drawing on an integrated framework combining Kövecses's extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Sharifian's Cultural Linguistics, the study identifies four major structural-metaphor models and analyzes their mapping mechanisms. The findings show that structural metaphor accounts for the highest.....

Keywords: structural metaphor, idioms, proverbs

[1]. Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (1994). The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[3]. Kövecses, Z. (2005). Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Kövecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor: A Practical Introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[5]. Kövecses, Z. (2020). Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..

Abstract: This Course Completion Work (CCW) investigates the application of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) in tertiary education, utilizing IFSERTÃOPE as a case study, through an extensive literature research. The research intends to encapsulate the historical development of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), emphasizing their significance within an educational framework that is progressively digital and influenced by technological advancements and interactive pedagogical approaches. The study examines scholarly publications, books, and pertinent sources, pinpointing trends and deficiencies in the literature about the application, efficacy, obstacles, and advantages of VLEs and emerging educational technologies. Additionally, it examines the practical and theoretical ramifications of the results. It is determined that, despite the flexibility and access to varied resources provided by VLEs, there remain technical and usability obstacles to address. The study highlights forthcoming trends, including the application of artificial intelligence and gamification, proposing avenues for optimal integration of VLEs in higher education.

Keywords: virtual learning environments, digital technologies, active methodologies, artificial intelligence,
gamification.

[1]. FIALHO, Isabel; CID, Marília; COPPI, Marcelo. Vantagens e dificuldades na utilização de plataformas e tecnologias digitais por professores e alunos. Revista Brasileira de Educação, v. 28, 2023.
[2]. FREITAS, A. D. et al. Educação digital, professores analógicos: A falta de formação para professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio na inserção das novas tecnologias na educação. In: FREIRES, K. C. P. et al. (orgs.). Construindo o Futuro da Educação: Tendências e Desafios das Tecnologias Emergentes na Educação do Século XXI. v. 2, 2. ed. Iguatu, CE: Quipá Editora, 2024. cap. 11, p. 163–181.
[3]. SILVA, M. C. da et al. Tecnologias digitais e a construção do conhecimento: um estudo longitudinal sobre a efetividade dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem na educação superior. Revista Tópicos, v. 2, n. 9, 2024.
[4]. COSTA JÚNIOR, J. F. et al. A inteligência artificial como ferramenta de apoio no ensino superior. Rebena – Revista Brasileira de Ensino e Aprendizagem, v. 6, p. 246–269, 2023.
[5]. ALMEIDA, M. E. B.; VALENTE, J. A. Tecnologias e currículo: trajetórias convergentes ou divergentes? São Paulo: Cortez, 2011.

Abstract: Background: Competence-based curriculum is critical in fostering holistic skills and development among the learners. However, its success is largely dependent on parental involvement. Parents who participate and are directly involved in CBC are likely to have better performing learners. For parents, issues such as accessibility of CBC, equity as well as the associated benefits and challenges could have an impact on their participation. However, the perceptions of parents in these issues and how this would contribute towards skills development especially....

Keywords: Competence-based curriculum, accessibility, equity, benefits, challenges, policies

[1]. Dorothy, S. M., Odebero, S., & Nganyi, J. (2025). Projection model of teacher requirements for the implementation of CBC in senior schools in Vihiga County, Kenya, in 2026. African Journal of Empirical Research, 6(3), 927-938.
[2]. Koros, D. P., & Achieng, S. D. S. B. (2023). Competency Based Curriculum preparedness: Perception of teachers in selected public and private primary schools in Kenya. IJRDO–Journal of Educational Research, 9(6), 6-1.
[3]. Muchira, J. M., Morris, R. J., Wawire, B. A., & Oh, C. (2023). Implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya: Challenges and Lessons from South Korea and USA. Journal of Education and Learning, 12(3), 62-77.
[4]. Mwita, E., & Onyango, Y. J. M. (2022). Availability and Use of Instructional Resources on the Implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum by Grades 1, 2 and 3 in Public Primary Schools in Migori County, Kenya. J Adv Educ Philos, 6(9), 484-491.
[5]. Namubiru, A., Kisembo, M., Kasiita, T., Kagambe, E., & Kasiita, T. (2024). Perceptions of Teachers on the Implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Bundibugyo and Ntoroko Districts, Uganda. East African Journal of Education Studies, 7(3), 13-27..

Abstract: U. R. Ananthamurthy’s Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man (1965) is a significant work of modern Kannada literature that interrogates the relationship between ritual, caste, morality, embodiment, and individual freedom. The death of Naranappa, a Brahmin who has rejected the orthodox practices of the agrahara, creates a ritual and ethical crisis that exposes the contradictions within the community’s religious and social order. At the centre of this crisis is Praneshacharya, the most learned Brahmin of Durvasapura, whose identity is founded upon scriptural....

Keywords: U. R. Ananthamurthy; Samskara; Praneshacharya; existentialism; caste; ritual; embodiment; modernity; Kannada literature

[1]. Ananthamurthy, U. R. Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man. Translated by A. K. Ramanujan, Oxford UP, 1976.
[2]. D. G., Sharanya. “Reenchantment and Resistance: Study of Myths in U. R. Ananthamurthy’s Samskara.” Postcolonial Text, vol. 19, no. 3, 2024. doi:10.63260/pt.v19i3.2952.
[3]. Manavalli, Krishna. “Modernism, Brahmin Angst, and Postcolonial Indian Writing in Regional Languages: The Case of U. R. Ananthamurthy’s Samskara.” South Asian Review, vol. 33, no. 1, 2012, pp. 133–150. doi:10.1080/02759527.2012.11932867.
[4]. Pillai, Sharon. “Gender Representation in U. R. Anantha Murthy’s Samskara.” South Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, 2011. doi:10.1177/026272801103100203.
[5]. Prasad, Manish. “Re-covering the Problems of Caste and Untouchability in U. R. Ananthamurthy’s Samskara.” Contemporary Voice of Dalit, 2023. doi:10.1177/2455328X231198727..

Abstract: Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), evolved through centuries of observation, experimentation, and philosophical inquiry, provide profound conceptual and practical resources for tackling contemporary environmental crises, including climate change, rapid biodiversity decline, water stress, and ecologically unsustainable agricultural practices. Drawing upon foundational principles such as ṛta (the cosmic order and harmony), dharma (ethical duty and righteous conduct), ahiṃsā (non-violence), and aparigraha (non-acquisitiveness), this paper explores how traditional....

Keywords: Indian Knowledge Systems, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Environmental Sustainability, Sacred Groves, Agroecology, Traditional Water Harvesting, Ecological Ethics, Biodiversity Conservation

[1]. Agarwal, A., & Narain, S. (Eds.). (1997). Dying wisdom: Rise, fall and potential of India’s traditional water harvesting systems. Centre for Science and Environment.
[2]. Berkes, F. (2018). Sacred ecology (4th ed.). Routledge.
[3]. Chapple, C. K. (1993). Nonviolence to animals, earth, and self in Asian traditions. State University of New York Press.
[4]. Easwaran, E. (Trans.). (2007). The Bhagavad Gita (2nd ed.). Nilgiri Press.
[5]. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2024). Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems. FAO. https://www.fao.org/giahs/en
[6]. Frawley, D. (1997). Ayurveda and the mind: The healing of consciousness. Lotus Press...

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education has fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of academic integrity. Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used by students to produce essays, assignments, and even exam responses. While these technologies offer new opportunities for learning support, they simultaneously pose significant risks to the credibility of traditional assessments. Universities across the globe are grappling with the reality that detection-based strategies alone are insufficient to address the evolving landscape......

[1]. Agyemang, D. (2016). Examination malpractice in Ghanaian universities: Causes and consequences. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(12), 45–53.
[2]. Akaranga, S. I., & Ongong, J. J. (2022). The phenomenon of examination malpractice: An example of Nairobi and Kenyatta Universities. University of Nairobi Digital Repository. Retrieved February 26, 2026
[3]. Ajayi, O. S. (2024). Examination malpractice in WASSCE for school certificates: A comprehensive analysis of the 2019 statistics in Nigeria. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Methods, 11(1), 11–27.
[4]. Bretag, T. (2019). Challenges in addressing academic integrity in the digital age. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(3), 383–396.
[5]. Cotton, D., McMullan, M., & Scott, J. (2001). Student cheating in examinations: A study of engineering students. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 26(2), 105–120.

Abstract: This article examines the gendered social consequences of male labour migration to the industrial city of Kanpur between roughly 1880 and 1940, a period spanning the city's consolidation as the principal textile and leather manufacturing center of the than United Provinces under colonial rule through the interwar decades of industrial expansion. Rather than tracing the economic mechanics of migration, it focuses on the women left behind in the sending villages of the surrounding Doab, particularly in the districts of Etawah, Fatehpur, Unnao and the rural....

Keywords: Kanpur; colonial India; labour migration; gender; left-behind women; feminization of agriculture; textile industry; United Provinces

[1]. Chakrabarty, D. (1989). Rethinking working-class history: Bengal 1890-1940. Princeton University Press.
[2]. Chandavarkar, R. (1994). The origins of industrial capitalism in India: Business strategies and the working classes in Bombay, 1900-1940. Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Choithani, C. (2019). Gendered livelihoods: Migrating men, left-behind women and household food security in India. Gender, Place & Culture, 27(10), 1373-1394. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2019.1681366
[4]. de Haan, A. (1997). Unsettled settlers: Migrant workers and industrial capitalism in Calcutta. Modern Asian Studies, 31(4), 919-949. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00017200
[5]. Gooptu, N. (2001). The politics of the urban poor in early twentieth-century India. Cambridge University Press.