iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2025

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized dentistry, pediatric dentistry included. With nearly three decades of refinement in manufacturing, 3D printing, offers unprecedented precision, efficiency, and customization in various dental applications. This review gives a brief insight into an analysis of 3D printing technologies in dentistry, covering their applications, benefits and limitations, and highlighting their potential to transform treatment...

Keywords: LASERS, CALCIUM SULPHATE, ELECTRONS, COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, VACUUM, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY.

[1]. Sikdar R. 3D Printing: Its Application In Pediatric Dental Practice. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences. 2022;6(2):103–11.
[2]. Dutta S, Gupta S, Isha S, Gumro M, Panwar M. 3D Printing – A Revolutionary Change In Pediatric Dentistry. EJDENT [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 28 [Cited 2025 Feb. 13];4(5):1-5.
[3]. Hazra Y, Rao A, Suprabha BS. 3-D Printing: Its Applications In Pediatric Dental Practice: A Review Of Literature. Ind J Contemp Dent [Internet]. 2022;10(2).
[4]. Tiwari S, Kulkarni PD, Rathi SV, Abraham JM, Agrawal N, Kumar A. 3D Printing: A Silver Lining In Pediatric Dentistry. Nveo-Natural Volatiles &Essential Oils Journal. 2021; 18:11582-91.
[5]. Chakravorty S, Trivedi H, Sahai RR, Kouser A, Tekam DA, Jain A. 3D Printing: Opening New Horizons In Dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci [Internet]. 2024;16(Suppl 1): S8–10.

Abstract: Background: Traditionally, mucosal incisions are made by stainless steel scalpel due to its ease of use, accuracy, and minimal tissue damage effect, but these incisions are more bloody and painful. To obviate the inherent disadvantages of scalpel, surgical diathermy was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century. Aim: To assess the effects of vestibular incision made with electrocautery and scalpel in open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures.........

Keywords: Mucosal incision, Scalpel, Electrocautery, Mandibular fractures

[1]. Nader N Massarweh, Ned Cosgriff, Douglas PS Lakey. Electrosurgery: History, Principles, And Current And Future Uses. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;202(3):520-30.
[2]. Farqan Mirza, Syeda Beenish Bareeqa, Muhammad J Unaid Alam, Sred Iqbal Hussain And Sred Ijlal Ahmed. Pain Scores Of Scalpel Versus Diathermy Skin Incisions In Head And Neck Surgeries. Global Journal Of Otolarygology. 2016;16(3):0051-0055.
[3]. Ochsner J. Surgical Knife. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009;36:441-443.
[4]. Tipton WW, Garrick JG, Riggens RS. Healing Of Electrosurgical And Scalpel Wounds In Rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg. 1975;57(3):377-9.
[5]. E. Parente, R. Coser, D. Passeado Branco Ribeiro, P. José Medeiros, M. De Moraes4 & F. Ritto. Effects Of Incisions Made With Electrocautery And Scalpel On Upper Lip Length: A Pilot Study. Oral Surgery. 2011;4 :166–170.

Abstract: Objective This study investigated the impact of the anterior and posterior high pull palatal gear (HPPG) technique on maxillary whole dentition using three-dimensional finite element model(3D-FEM) analysis. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was generated using the original cone beam computed tomography (CT) data of a patient with normal occlusion. Two distinct loading methods were utilized based on....

Key Word: Mini- implant, Maxillary arch, Intrusion, Distalization, High Pull Palatal Gear

[1]. Brown P. A. Cephalometric Evaluation Of High-Pull Molar Headgear And Face-Bow Neck Strap Therapy. Am J Orthod. 1978;74(6):621-32.
[2]. Boecler PR, Riolo ML, Keeling SD, Et Al. Skeletal Changes Associated With Extraoral Appliance Therapy: An Evaluation Of 200 Consecutively Treated Cases. Angle Orthod. 1989;59(4):263-70.
[3]. Caldwell SF, Hymas TA, Timm TA. Maxillary Traction Splint: A Cephalometric Evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984;85(5):376-84.
[4]. Proffit WR, Phillips C, Turvey TA. Stability Following Superior Repositioning Of The Maxilla By Lefort I Osteotomy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92(2):151–61.
[5]. Lin SC, Thavarungkul R, Chen YP, Et Al. Simplified Application Of Midpalatal Miniscrew In The Retreatment Of A Hyperdivergent Case – A Case Report. APOS Trends Orthod. [Article In Press].

Abstract: Background: Dental caries remains a prevalent oral disease caused by demineralization of enamel. Novel natural agents like Himalayan rock salt, known for their mineral richness, are emerging as potential remineralizing agents.To evaluate the remineralization potential of....

Keywords: Himalayan rock salt, remineralization, enamel, microhardness, in vitro, SEM

[1]. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental Caries. Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):51–59.
[2]. Featherstone JD. The Continuum Of Dental Caries—Evidence For A Dynamic Disease Process. J Dent Res. 2004;83(Spec No C):C39–C42.
[3]. Ten Cate JM. Contemporary Perspective On The Use Of Fluoride Products In Caries Prevention. Br Dent J. 2013 Jul;214(4):161–167.
[4]. Hegde MN, Moany A. Remineralization Of Enamel Subsurface Lesions With Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Quantitative Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Using SEM. J Conserv Dent. 2012 Jan;15(1):61–67.
[5]. Fawell J, Bailey K, Chilton J, Dahi E, Magara Y. Fluoride In Drinking-Water. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.

Abstract: Introduction: Quality assurance in a health care setting encompasses a systematic approach to monitoring and evaluating the quality of care provided to patients, with the goal of identifying areas for improvement and implementing changes to enhance optimal outcomes. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess perioperative nurses' awareness of quality assurance principles, current practices and tools used to measure and improve quality of care in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was used for this study and census sampling approach was also employed to select all the 52 registered perioperative nurses working in the Teaching....

Keywords: Awareness, Practice, Peri-operative nurses, Quality Assurance

[1]. Gómez-Ríos MA, Abad-Gurumeta A, Casans-Francés R, Calvo-Vecino JM.Keys To Optimize (2019) Operating Room Efficiency. Rev Espanestesiolreanim. [Internet].2019 [Accessed 11 Dez 2019]; 66(2). Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Redare.2018.08.011.
[2]. Howard, I., Cameron, P., Castrén, M., Wallis, L., & Lindström, V. (2019). Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Clinical Quality And Performance Assessment Among Emergency Medical Services Personnel In South Africa: A Mixed Methods Study. Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA, 31(6), 1024–1036. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1742-6723.13302
[3]. Yang, F., Wang, J., Cui, J., Zhuan, J., Hu, X., & Chen, S. (2022). An Overview Of The Implications For Perianesthesia Nurses In Terms Of Intraoperative Changes In Temperature And Factors Associated With Unintentional Postoperative Hypothermia. Journal Of Healthcare Engineering, 2022, 6955870. Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2022/6955870.
[4]. American Society Of Peri-Anesthesia Nurses. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijporl.2014.02.010.
[5]. Doughty, B., & Marsh, S. R. (2016). The Relationship Between Nursing Staff And The Quality Of Nursing Home Care. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 760-772.

Abstract: Background: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a potentially serious bacterial infection involving the renal pelvis and parenchyma, often arising as a complication of ascending urinary tract infection. Its presentation can vary widely, particularly in adults with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, which predisposes to severe forms including emphysematous pyelonephritis. Although diagnosis relies on the integration of clinical features, laboratory parameters, and imaging findings, comprehensive data describing their combined profile in adult inpatients are scarce.....

Keywords: acute pyelonephritis, diabetes mellitus, ultrasonography, CT KUB, emphysematous pyelonephritis, Renal calculi, Escherichia coli, Antibiotic sensitivity

[1]. Dhamotharan VM, Ramadurai S, Gopalan S, Arthur P. Study Of The Clinical Profile Of Patients With CT-Proven Acute Pyelonephritis In A Tertiary Care Hospital. Med Res Chron. 2020;3(1):64-68.
[2]. Venkatesh L, Kumar R, John SJ, Valsan KV. Correlation Of Clinical Parameters With Radiological Imaging Abnormalities In Acute Pyelonephritis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):TC15-TC18.
[3]. Repine JE, Clawson CC, Goetz FC. Bactericidal Function Of Neutrophils From Patients With Acute Bacterial Infections And From Diabetics. J Infect Dis. 1980;142:869-75.
[4]. Rollino C, Beltrame G, Ferro M, Quattrocchio G, Sandrone M, Quarello F. Acute Pyelonephritis In Adults: A Case Series Of 223 Patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(9):3488-93.
[5]. Geerlings SE, Meiland R, Van Lith EC, Brouwer EC, Gaastra W, Hoepelman AI. Adherence Of Type 1-Fimbriated Escherichia Coli To Uroepithelial Cells: More In Diabetic Women Than In Control Subjects. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(8):1405-9.

Abstract: The CREST (Colonic Stenting Trial) represents a pivotal study in the surgical field, focusing on the optimal management of malignant large bowel obstruction. This trial aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery alone. Here, we present a detailed critique of the CREST trial, examining its design, methodology, and broader implications for clinical practice.

[1]. Crest Collaborative Group. Colorectal Endoscopic Stenting Trial (Crest) For Obstructing Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: Randomised Clinical Trial. Br J Surg. 2022 Nov;109(11):1073–1080. Doi:10.1093/Bjs/Znac141.
[2]. Complications Of Colonoscopy. Fisher DA, Maple JT, Ben-Menachem T, Et Al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2011;74(4):745-52. Doi:10.1016/J.Gie.2011.07.025.
[3]. Clinical Outcomes And Risk Factors For Technical And Clinical Failures Of Self-Expandable Metal Stent Insertion For Malignant Colorectal Obstruction. Yoon JY, Jung YS, Hong SP, Et Al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2011;74(4):858-68. Doi:10.1016/J.Gie.2011.05.044
[4]. Ye GY, Cui Z, Chen L, Zhong M, Zhu YF, Mao AW. Colonic Stenting As A Bridge To Surgery Versus Emergency Surgery For Obstructive Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Surg Endosc. 2019;33(1):190–198. Doi:10.1007/S00464-018-6333-3.
[5]. 5.The American Society Of Colon And Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines For The Management Of Colon Cancer. Vogel JD, Felder SI, Bhama AR, Et Al. Diseases Of The Colon And Rectum. 65(2): 148-177. Doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000002323. Practice Guideline

Abstract: Aim: To detect bacteriophages with lytic activity against Enterococcus faecalis of endodontic origin. Background: Phage therapy is a promising tool for developing innovative therapeutic strategies against persistent infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis in the oral cavity. Bacteriophages offer significant advantages over conventional antimicrobials, including their high specificity for bacterial strains, their host-dependent self-limiting replication capacity, and their proven safety during treatment, as they do not affect eukaryotic cells.....

Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, bacteriophages, phage therapy.

[1]. Jakovljevic A, Nikolic N, Jacimovic J, Pavlovic O, Milicic B, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Et Al. Prevalence Of Apical Periodontitis And Conventional Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment In General Adult Population: An Updated Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Cross-Sectional Studies Published Between 2012 And 2020. J Endod. 2020; 46 (10): 1371-1386 E1378. Doi:Http://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Joen.2020.07.007
[2]. Wieczorkiewicz K, Jarzabek A, Bakinowska E, Kielbowski K, Pawlik A. Microbial Dynamics In Endodontic Pathology-From Bacterial Infection To Therapeutic Interventions-A Narrative Review. Pathogens. 2024; 14 (1): 12. Doi:Http://Doi.Org/10.3390/Pathogens14010012
[3]. Hurtado-Narváez VD, De León-Frías NE, Espriella CMD, Rodríguez-Ciodaro A, Gomez-Cárdenas OE, Díez-Ortega H. Exploring Genetic Diversity In Enterococcus Faecalis Strains Of Endodontic Origin: Pilot Study. Japan Journal Of Research. 2025; 6 (7): 131. Doi:
[4]. Shende RK, Hirpurkar SD, Sannat C, Rawat N, Pandey V. Isolation And Characterization Of Bacteriophages With Lytic Activity Against Common Bacterial Pathogens. Vet World. 2017; 10 (8): 973-978. Doi:Http://Doi.Org/10.14202/Vetworld.2017.973-978
[5]. Gutmann JL, Manjarrés V, De La Espriella CM. An Inciteful Perspective On Bacterial Species Involved In The Persistence Of Apical Periodontitis. Endodontol. 2021; 33 (4): 187-190. Doi:Http://Doi.Org/10.4103/Endo.Endo_214_21

Abstract: Prosthodontics is undeniably evolving, consistently showcasing innovation, expansion, and progress across various dimensions of the field. Dental specialists, particularly DentoProsthethic professionals, can improve their workflow by using digital technologies in their practices, Thereby Collaboration with dental laboratories is made easier and more efficient.....

Keywords: Digital prosthodontics, digital technologies, rapid prototyping, prosthodontics, digitalized Implant dentistry.

[1]. Birnbaum NS, Aaronson HB. Dental Impressions Using 3D Digital Scanners: Virtual Becomes Reality. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2008;29(8):494–505.
[2]. Feuerstein P. How Dental Practitioners Can Benefit From The Internet. J Mass Dent Soc. 2001;50(2):14–17.
[3]. Gutmann JL. The Evolution Of America’s Scientific Advancements In Dentistry In The Past 150 Years. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):8S–15S.
[4]. Reinitz JR (2007) From Plaster To Polyvinyls: A Review Of Impression Materials.
[5]. Joda T., Et Al. “The Complete Digital Workflow In Fixed Prosthodontics: A Systematic Review”. BMC Oral Health 17.1 (2017): 124

Abstract: Lasers have become an increasingly important adjunct in implant dentistry for soft-tissue management, implant site preparation, implant surface decontamination, and peri-implant disease therapy. Different laser families (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAG, diode, CO₂, and low-level/ photobiomodulation lasers) interact with tissues and implant materials by distinct mechanisms, giving each device a specific set of clinical benefits and limitations. The evidence suggests erbium lasers (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG) can effectively decontaminate titanium.......

Keywords: lasers, implant dentistry, Er: YAG, diode laser, peri-implantitis, decontamination, photobiomodulation.

[1]. Ting, M., ET AL. (2022). Laser TREATMENT OF PERI-IMPLANTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. International Journal OF Implant Dentistry.
[2]. Wakim, R. N., ET AL. (2018). Decontamination OF DENTAL IMPLANT SURFACES BY THE Er:Yag LASER: An IN-VITRO STUDY. Journal OF Periodontology.
[3]. Al Moharib, H. S., ET AL. (2021). Efficacy OF AN Er:Yag LASER IN THE DECONTAMINATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT-LIKE TITANIUM SURFACES. Journal OF Periodontology.
[4]. Atieh, M. A., ET AL. (2022). Diode LASER AS AN ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT FOR PERI-IMPLANT MUCOSITIS/PERI-IMPLANTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Clinical Oral Investigations.
[5]. Fragkioudakis, I., ET AL. (2023). Surgical TREATMENT OF PERI-IMPLANTITIS USING A COMBINED Nd:Yag AND Er:Yag LASER: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Clinical Oral Implants Research.

Abstract: Background: Knee pathology assessment traditionally relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but ultrasonography (USG) offers a cost-effective, accessible alternative. However, comprehensive comparative data on diagnostic accuracy remains limited. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography compared to MRI for knee pathology assessment and determine correlation between findings from both imaging modalities........

Keywords: Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Knee Pathology, Diagnostic Accuracy, Meniscal Tears, Collateral Ligaments.

[1]. Majewski M, Susanne H, Klaus S. Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. Knee. 2006;13(3):184-8.
[2]. Fox AJ, Wanivenhaus F, Burge AJ, Warren RF, Rodeo SA. The human meniscus: a review of anatomy, function, injury, and advances in treatment. Clin Anat. 2015;28(2):269-87.
[3]. Sanders TL, Maradit Kremers H, Bryan AJ, Larson DR, Dahm DL, Levy BA, et al. Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears and reconstruction: a 21-year population-based study. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(6):1502-7.
[4]. Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2163-96.
[5]. Nacey NC, Geeslin MG, Miller GW, Pierce JL. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: An overview and update of conventional and state of the art imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;45(5):1257-75.

Abstract: Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has become essential for preoperative evaluation in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), yet correlation studies with surgical findings remain limited. This study evaluated diagnostic accuracy of HRCT and clinical utility of TMC staging.
Methods: A prospective analytical observational study was conducted on 34 patients with CSOM requiring surgical intervention from May 2023 to January 2025. HRCT findings were systematically compared with intraoperative observations for anatomical structures including ossicles, facial canal, mastoid involvement, and scutum erosion. TMC staging was performed and correlated with histopathological diagnosis.......

Keywords: Chronic suppurative otitis media, High-resolution computed tomography, TMC staging, Diagnostic accuracy, Cholesteatoma, Temporal bone imaging.

[1]. Verhoeff M, van der Veen EL, Rovers MM, Sanders EA, Schilder AG. Chronic suppurative otitis media: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70(1):1-12.
[2]. Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, et al. Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e36226.
[3]. Chole RA, Sudhoff HH. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, editors. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. p. 1963-1978.
[4]. Acuin J. Chronic suppurative otitis media: burden of illness and management options. World Health Organization. 2004.
[5]. O'Donoghue GM, Bates GJ, Anslow P, Rothera MP. The predictive value of high resolution computerized tomography in chronic suppurative ear disease. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1987;12(2):89-96.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy affects foot structures, potentially contributing to complications including ulceration and biomechanical dysfunction. Objective: To evaluate morphological and biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy using ultrasonography and shear wave elastography. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared 32 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy to 31 non-diabetic controls. Bilateral measurements of Achilles tendon and plantar fascia thickness were obtained using B-mode ultrasonography. Tissue stiffness was assessed using shear wave elastography. Statistical analysis included t-tests and Pearson correlations........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; peripheral neuropathy; shear wave elastography; Achilles tendon; plantar fascia; ultrasonography.

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S19-S40.
[2]. Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(11):2932-8.
[3]. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJ, Feldman EL, Bril V, Freeman R, Malik RA, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: A position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136-54.
[4]. Singh VP, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;18(1):1-14.
[5]. D'Souza RS, Levandowski C, Slavov D, Gress TW, Narayan S. Diabetic tendinopathy: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;7(1):19.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) severity assessment is crucial for risk stratification and management. This study investigated correlations between the Qanadli obstruction index (QOI), ventricular and atrial diameters, and right heart strain in PE patients undergoing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Methods: This prospective analytical study included 41 patients diagnosed with PE by CTPA between May 2023 and January 2025. QOI was calculated to quantify clot burden. Ventricular and atrial dimensions were measured, and ratios (RV/LV, RA/LA) were calculated.......

Keywords: Pulmonary embolism; Qanadli obstruction index; Atrial dimensions; Right heart strain; CT pulmonary angiography.

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