IOSR-JBM   Volume-28 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

Abstract: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in fostering social, economic, and environmental development in Malawi. They work in various sectors, including health, education, environment, and human rights, often supplementing government efforts. Recently, there has been a rapid growth of the NGOS in Malawi, their nature as NGOS require them to source funding for their operations. For the Organizations to operate properly, resources are essential, there is need for resources including human capital and funds and many of the local NGOS.....

Keywords: Non-governmental organization, challenges, Funding, capacity

[1]. Zakaria A, Nurliana Z.Z, (2020). Alternative-Based Funding Model And Resource Dependency Theory: Perspectives Of Malaysian Non-Government Organisations. Malaysian Journal Of Consumer And Family Economics,123-136.
[2]. Bromideh , A. (2011). The Widespread Challenges Of Ngos In Developing Countries:Case Studies From Iran. International NGO Journal, 197-202.
[3]. Fole , W. S., Lixia , T., & Guta, T. (2018). Sink Or Swim? Survival Mechanisms Employed By Local Non-Governmental Organisations In Malawi: A Case From The Agricultural Sector. Developing Country Studies, 73-84.
[4]. Lilongwe District Council. (2017). Social Economic Profile- Lilongwe District, Lilongwe.
[5]. Adan, M. J. (2015). The Impact Of Competition Between Local Ngos In Somalia.

Abstract: Aim/Purpose:- The aim of this descriptive research was to examine the impact of continuous medical education (CME) on skill enhancement among paramedical personnel and its role in improving healthcare delivery. Outcome:- The study found that CME programs significantly enhance the skills of paramedical staff, leading to better healthcare.....

Keywords: Continuous Medical Education (CME), paramedical personnel, skill advancement, healthcare delivery, training programs, medical training, healthcare improvement.

[1]. Kalyan, S., Kamath, S. P., Shetty, S. S., Holla, R., Lewis, L., Lashkari, H. P., Shenoy, S., & Kumar, S. R. B. (2024). Effect Of Skill-Based Educational Training For Ambulance Personnel On Neonatal Transport For Newborn Care In Coastal South India – A Single Arm Intervention Study.
[2]. Theodore, R. (2023). Science Of Life Saving Through Paramedical Care: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal Of Medical And Allied Health Sciences, 3(02), 33–38. Https://Doi.Org/10.54618/Ijmahs.2023323
[3]. F1000Research, 13, 767. Https://Doi.Org/10.12688/F1000research.150058.1
[4]. Carter, A. J. E., Jensen, J. L., Walker, M., Leroux, Y., Terashima, S., & Mcvey, J. (2022). Paramedic Endotracheal Intubation Success Rates Before And After An Intensive Airway Management Education Session. Cureus, 14. Https://Doi.Org/10.7759/Cureus.27781
[5]. De Lorenzo, R. A., & Abbott, C. A. (2007). Effect Of A Focused And Directed Continuing Education Program On Prehospital Skill Maintenance In Key Resuscitation Areas. Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 33(3), 293–297.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.JEMERMED.2007.02.060

Abstract: The emergence of social media as a dominant communication medium has fundamentally reshaped contemporary marketing practices. E-commerce firms increasingly utilise platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram to engage consumers and influence purchasing decisions. Despite the widespread adoption of social media marketing strategies, empirical evaluations of their behavioural effectiveness remain limited, particularly within emerging economies such as India.This study examines the effectiveness of social media marketing in influencing consumer engagement and purchase behaviour. Adopting a quantitative, crosssectional, .....

Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Consumer Engagement, Purchase Behaviour, Quantitative Research, ECommerce, India.

[1]. Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1
[2]. Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Juric, B., & Ilic, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
[3]. Chen, S. C., & Lin, C. P. (2019). Understanding the effect of social media marketing activities: The mediation of social identification, perceived value, and satisfaction. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.025
[4]. Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2020). Consumer engagement in online brand communities: A social media perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 29(4), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2017-1547
[5]. Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345

Abstract: Digital transformation is bringing a paradigm shift in the marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry. The conventional methods of promotion that are physician-centered are being gradually replaced with digital communication strategies that transform the way stakeholders interact and the position of the brand. The research is an empirical study that examines the use of digital marketing practices and the effect of the latter on the stakeholder engagement and marketing performance of pharmaceutical firms based in Delhi-NCR, India. The quantitative research design was used and primar .....

Keywords:Digital Marketing, Pharmaceutical Industry, Stakeholder Engagement, Marketing Performance, Delhi-NCR, Quantitative Analysis

[1]. Anis, A., & Hassali, M. A. (2023). Digital marketing and over-the-counter pharmaceutical products: Opportunities and ethical concerns. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 16(1), 1–12.
[2]. Das, A., & Bansal, M. (2024). Social media marketing practices in the Indian pharmaceutical industry: Evidence from DelhiNCR. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 18(2), 145–162.
[3]. Dey, R., & Kalra, V. (2023). Measuring return on investment in digital pharmaceutical marketing: A quantitative assessment. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 11(3), 210–224.
[4]. Dhoke, R., & Athawale, A. (2023). Patient-centric digital marketing strategies in pharmaceutical communication. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(4), 34–48.
[5]. Dhoke, S., & Athawale, S. (2023). Study of pharmaceutical marketing strategies in the digital era. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 12(1), 88–102.

Abstract: This research focuses on a beverage product, “URO COLA, which was once highly popular in the market but gradually lost market share and disappeared from the beverage industry. The primary objective is to identify the causes of this decline and propose strategies for recapturing market share. This Chittagong-based regional study uses survey interviews from the retailers and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate weaknesses in the supply chain, insufficient marketing activities relative to competitors, and less interaction with the customer and retailers. Pricing strategy, promotional strategy, and customer relationship management are key recommendations given. The outcome of this study is to regain its glory in the beverage industry and establish a brand that leaves a mark in consumers’ hearts through its taste.

Keywords: Uro, Cola, market, beverage, brand.

[1]. Arafat, M. A. (2011). Consumer Choice Of Soft Drinks: A Causal Path Analysis. EAST WEST JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 2, 109–122. Https://Doi.Org/10.70527/Ewjbss.V2i.129
[2]. BD, B. I. (2024, September 12). Rise Of Mojo | Mojo Vs Coca-Cola. Business Inspection BD. Https://Businessinspection.Com.Bd/Rise-Of-Mojo-Mojo-Vs-Coca-Cola/
[3]. Business, I. B. (Director). (2024, January 13). দেশের ১ নম্বর দ োলো ব্র্যোন্ড ভোর্জনি দ োলো দ ন হোররশ়ে দেল? | What Happened To Virgin Cola? [Youtube]. Https://Youtu.Be/Lyxw8zlbjm8?Si=Pjlxwl7j2rvdi8y5
[4]. Coca-Cola Bangladesh Distributor: Abdul Monem Ltd & F&B Industry. (N.D.). Retrieved December 20, 2025, From Https://Www.Lawyersnjurists.Com/Book/Coca-Cola-Beverage-Industry-Of-Bangladesh/
[5]. History. (N.D.). History. Https://Www.Globe.Com.Bd/Softdrinks/History/

Abstract: Diversity and inclusion (D&I) have become essential for organizational success in today’s globalized business landscape, particularly for multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in diverse environments. This study examines the understanding and implementation of D&I practices within ten prominent MNCs in Zambia: Shoprite, Standard Chartered Bank, Airtel, KCM, FNB, ZCCM, Lafarge, Zambeef, and Absa. Given Zambia's cultural diversity, the research explores how these companies define and apply D&I principles locally, identifying key opportunities and challenges......

Keywords: leadership, Zambeef, resources, competitiveness, culture.

[1]. Chanda, R. (2020). Diversity And Inclusion In The Zambian Workplace: Challenges And Opportunities. Journal Of African Business, 21(2), 234–250.
[2]. Cox, T. H., & Blake, S. (1991). Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications For Organizational Competitiveness. Academy Of Management Executive, 5(3), 45–56.
[3]. Herring, C. (2009). Does Diversity Pay? Race, Gender, And The Business Case For Diversity. American Sociological Review, 74(2), 208–224.
[4]. Mwanza, C. (2019). Cultural Diversity In Zambia: Implications For Business Management. Zambian Journal Of Business Management, 5(1), 45–60.
[5]. Mwanza, D. (2022). Challenges Of Diversity And Inclusion In Zambian Organizations. Journal Of Business Studies.

Abstract: Job satisfaction holds significant importance for the advancement and efficient operation of crucial governmental organizations, contributing to the overall progress of the country. Consequently, it remains a widely discussed topic within organizational behavior, personnel and human resource management, and organizational management. This paper aims to comprehensively assess employees' job satisfaction and analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction among the employees of the Institute of Professional Training & Management (IPTM) situated in Dhaka, Bangladesh......

[1]. Abiodun, E. J. A. (1999). Human Resources Management: An Overview. Concept Publication.
[2]. Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The Relationship Between Training And Organizational Commitment: A Study In The Health Care Field. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(4), 335–352. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Hrdq.15
[3]. Basumallick, C. (2021). What Is Job Satisfaction? Definition, Factors, Importance, Statistics, And Examples. Spiceworks. Https://Www.Spiceworks.Com/Hr/Engagement-Retention/Articles/What-Is-Job-Satisfaction/
[4]. Burke, R. (2000). Do Managerial Men Benefit From Organizational Values? Women In Management Review, 15(2), 81–89. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/09649420010318667
[5]. Chandrasekaran, M. (2019). A Study On Job Satisfaction. Scholar: National School Of Leadership, 8(1.5). Https://Jconsortium.Com/Pdf-Publications/Nsl-Scholar/Vol8issue1_5-2019/9.Pdf

Abstract: Esta pesquisa analisou a influência da gestão participativa e do policiamento comunitário nas estratégias da Polícia Militar do Amazonas (PM-AM) sobre a segurança pública. O estudo utilizou uma abordagem mista e comparativa entre áreas de Manaus com e sem policiamento comunitário sistematizado. O objetivo foi analisar como as práticas participativas da PM-AM impactam a segurança pública. Os resultados quantitativos demonstraram que as áreas com policiamento comunitário apresentaram taxas de criminalidade objetiva (roubos, furtos, violência interpessoal) cerca de 50% menores (12,3 por 1.000 habitantes) em comparação com as áreas sem a estratégia.....

Keywords: segurança pública; policiamento comunitário; gestão participativa; confiança institucional; Amazônia.

[1]. BALESTRERI, Ricardo. Segurança Pública Cidadã: Direitos Humanos E Políticas De Prevenção. Brasília: Ministério Da Justiça, 2008.
[2]. BALESTRERI, Ricardo. Segurança Pública: Desafios E Dilemas. Brasília: Ministério Da Justiça, 2008.
[3]. BARDIN, Laurence. Análise De Conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.
[4]. BAYLEY, David H. Changing The Guard: Developing Democratic Police Abroad. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
[5]. BAYLEY, David H. Police For The Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Abstract: The paper will explore the complex impact of Section 194N (Tax Deducted at Source) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, on the small business and trader cash management practices, digital payment adoption and financial planning in the city of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Section 194N which was introduced with the twin goal of reducing tax evasion and expediting the digital economy imposes TDS of 2% on annual cash withdrawals above ₹1 crore and 5% on........

[1]. Aggarwal, R., & Miflal, V. (2020). Taxation And Financial Transparency In India: An Analysis Of Recent Regulatory Interventions. Oxford University Press.
[2]. Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime And Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal Of Political Economy, 76(2), 169–217.
[3]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis In Psychology. Qualitative Research In Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
[4]. Central Board Of Direct Taxes (CBDT). (2019). Circular No. 23/2019: Tax Deduction At Source (TDS) Under Section 194N Of The Income Tax Act, 1961. Ministry Of Finance, Government Of India.
[5]. Chopra, M., & Sharma, P. (2022). Digital Payments And Financial Inclusion In The Informal Sector: Post-Demonetization Challenges. Journal Of Development Economics, 45(3), 401-419.