IOSR-JAVS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-2018

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Role of Project Location on the Utilization of Markets in the Small Holder Market Access Program by Horticulture Micro enterprises: A Case Study of Imenti South Sub County
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Nicholas Karani Njebi.
	:	10.9790/2380-1101010105

ABSTRACT: Agriculture is the main driver of social economic development in Kenya. The rural economy of Kenya is driven by Agricultural micro enterprises where the small holder farmer plays a central role. Horticulture has emerged as the most profitable of all the Agriculture sub sectors in Kenya currently. The Government collaborates with development partners to develop this sub sector by designing and implementing various initiatives. Small Holder Market Access Program [SHoMAP] is such a collaboration between the Government of Kenya and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). This study investigated the influence of project location on the utilization of markets in the Small Holder Market Access Program by horticulture micro enterprises in Imenti South Sub County. The case studies studied were Nkubu and Miruriri SHoMAP markets in Imenti South Sub County. Analysis of the..........

Keywords: Project Location; Utilization of Markets; SHoMAP Markets.

[1]. Berhanu, G., & Moti, J. (2010). Commercialization of Smallholders: Is Market Participation Enough?. Contributed Paper presented at the Joint 3rd African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) and 48th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa (AEASA) Conference, Cape Town. Retrieved February, 5, 2017, from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/96159/2/100.%20Market%20Orientation-Market%20Participation%20in%20Ethiopia.pdf
[2]. Chan, A. C., Scott, D., & Chan, A. L. (2004). Factors Affecting the Success of a Construction Project. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(1), 153-155. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:1(153)
[3]. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2011). View Point: Small holders can Feed the World. Rome, Italy: Author. Retrieved June, 1, 2017 from https://www.ifad.org/documents/10180/ca86ab2d-74f0-42a5-b4b6-5e476d321619
[4]. International Fund for Agriculture Development. (2014). Smallholder Horticulture Marketing Programme Supervision Report. Rome, Italy: Author.Retrieved February, 4, 2017, from https://operations.ifad.org/documents/654016/f26b9d66-d971-45f9-a615-c07bcf60f1ed
[5]. Horticultural Crops Development Authority. (2013). Role of Horticultural Crops Development Authority and Horticulture Sector Performance Report. Nairobi, Kenya.Retrieved January, 22, 2017, from http://horticulture.ucdavis.edu/2013/other/HCDA%20Horticulture%20subsector%20brief.pdf..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Negative And Positive Social Behaviors of Local People Around Jalhak Reserved Forest Case Study: Jalhak Area- Upper Nile State- South Sudan
Country	:	Sudan
Authors	:	Shadad wani Lado || Dr.Mohammed Osman Ibn Ouf || Dr. Abdelhai Mohamed ELmadina
	:	10.9790/2380-1101010610

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted at Jalhak area in Jalhak reserved forest at Upper Nile State South Sudan. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of some positive and negative social behaviors of local people around Jalhak reserved forest in South Sudan. The household was the research unit of data collection. Secondary data was obtained from the documents of corporations and ministries reports, archives related to study. A questionnaire was designed to collect primary data from the respondents at the Jalhak area. In addition to that, field observations and general survey was used to obtained primary data. The study showed, many negative social behaviors such as removal of trees that attract birds and rodents, removal of some trees, according to taboos and over exploitation of some trees for smoking (Dokhan) resulted the depletion of forests and there was high demand of forest products. In addition to that many local people abandoned the animal breeding due to low income, poor production........

Keywords: social behavior, economic behavior, forest depletion, Jalhak reserved forest, forest products, Jalhak area.

[1]. Antadike R, N.C, (2007) Statistical Methods for the Social and Environmental Sciences. Spectrum, Ibadan.
[2]. GOSS, (2007) Southern Sudan Plan, Juba.
[3]. GOSS, (2010) A legal and Institutional policy frameworks for Sustainable Management of forest resources, April, 2010.
[4]. GOSS, (2010) The Southern Food and Agriculture Policy Framework. Juba, Southern Sudan.
[5]. Hultberg R, (2005) Household Fuel and Energy in Developing Countries. Washington

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Direct And Indirect Benefits From the Jalhak Reserved Forest As Perceived By The Respondents in Jalhak Area South Sudan
Country	:	Sudan
Authors	:	Shadad wani lado || Dr.Mohammed Osman Ibn Ouf || Dr. Abdelhai Mohamed Elmadina
	:	10.9790/2380-1101011115

ABSTRACT: Local people in the study area have needed products from the forest, and overtime, that demands has increased with the standard of living to which have become accustomed. Timber harvesting tool in renewing or enhancing and improving the diversity and beauty of the forest while providing benefits to community. In the process of cutting trees for wood products, we modify wildlife habitat and alter natural system. Data was collected by the social survey, questionnaire and in addition to the observations and exchange views and ideas, references, scientific papers, GOSS and NGOs reports. The study was showed this forest served as a watershed. Forest also serve as a home (inhabitant) to animals such as birds, wildlife, goats, sheep's and cattle. And also showed forest are of immense economic importance as tourism..........

Keywords: Direct benefits of forest, in direct benefits of forest, fuel wood, forest products

[1]. Anyadike, R. N. C, (2007). Sustainable Methods for the Social and Environmental Sciences. Spectrum, Ibadan.
[2]. FAO, (2003). Wood Energy, Climate and Health: International Export Consultation. Field Documents No 58. Bangkok, Thailand.
[3]. FAO, (2010). Guidelines on Sustainable Forest Management in Dry Lands of Sub Sharan Africa, Rid Zone Forests and Forestry Working. Rome, Italy.
[4]. Godoy, R. A. and Bawa, K, S. (1993). Economic Value and Sustainable Harvest of Plants and Animal of the Tropical Forest: Assumption, Hypothesis and Methods.
[5]. GOSS, (2005). Agribusiness in Southern Sudan

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Seasonal activity of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton in navel orange orchards during autumn season
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Ahmed H. El-Afify || R.M. Shreef || N.M. Ghanim || M.A. Hendawy
	:	10.9790/2380-1101011621

ABSTRACT: Nursery and young plantations as well as new flushes of citrus orchards in Egypt and worldwide are seriously affected by the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). To obtain a successful integrated CLM management, ecological studies are of great important. So, the present work aimed to study the activity of CLM during autumn season on navel orange trees and determine the effects of certain weather factors on its population. The obtained results showed that the seasonal activity of CLM during autumn season exhibited four and three peaks of abundance during of 2016 and 2017...........

[1] Moustafa, S.A. (1999). Studies on natural enemies associated with insect pests on citrus trees. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
[2] Ghanim, N.M. (2003). Studies on some natural enemies associated with some soft scale insects. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., 135 pp.
[3] Moustafa, S.A. (2004). Studies on some natural enemies associated with the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., 178 pp.
[4] Ghanim, N.M. (2009). Studies on the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae, Diptera). Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., 121 pp.
[5] Heppner, J.B. and W.N. Dixon ( 1995). Potential spread of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the United States. Am. Entomol., 41: 110-113.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Exteriore Landscape Design of College Using Delphi Methode
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Sada Nacif Jasim || Zeyad Mohammed Abdulrazzaq || Hammood Gharbi Khaleefa
	:	10.9790/2380-1101012228

ABSTRACT: The main objective of study was to re design exterior landscape of college to commensurate needs of campus users through putting various proposals and choosing the best, using Delphi questionnaire. Research implemented in colleges of Education for Girls and Agriculture, University of AL-Anbar for the period from 1\7\2012-30\5\2013 conducted a field study to exterior space for college, studied the reality of the exterior spaces through field survey included, Chosen a central garden of two colleges( 1&5) to be evaluated by five experts in the field of landscape design using questionnaire which includes two phases (inductive and restricted) questionnaire .the research reached to several conclusions, lack of recruitment of design standards, principles and features in campus landscape gardens design ,there was a clear lack in gardens achieving of their environmental, beauty, expediency.........

Key words: landscape design, exterior space, campus, Delphi technique.

[1]. Abu Ghazzeh, T.M. 1999.Communicating behavioral research to campus design: factors affecting perception and use of outdoor spaces at the University of Jordan. Environment a behavior, vol.31, No.6, p.764-804.
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[3]. Cammack, C., T.M.Waliczek, and J.M.Zajicek.2002.The Green Brigade: The Effects of Community Base Horttechnology.12:82-86.
[4]. Hold. Renata.1982. (Educational and Multifunctional Building in Traditional Islamic Societies) in Conference of Higher - Education Facilities "Design in Islamic Culture Agakhan Program for Islamic Architecture" Harvard and MIT, Cambridge.
[5]. White, R.and J.Heerwagen.1998.Nature and Mental Health: Biophila and Biophila, P.175-192In.Lundbery (ed.).Environment and mental health. Lawrence Erlbaum, London.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Milk Production And Composition in Maghrebi She-Camel Under Different Management System In Egypt
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Mostafa, T.H. || El-Malky, O.M. || Abd El-Salaam, A.M. || Nabih, A.M
	:	10.9790/2380-1101012937

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the effect of management systems (farming and traditional pastoral system) and parity order on milk yield and composition of lactating Maghrebi camel. Total of forty lactating she-camels (Camelus dromedarius), (aging 5–12 years, weighing 370-590 kg, and between the first and eighth parities) were divided into two system groups (Farming and pastoral, 20 in each). Each of farming or pastoral group was divided into four sub groups according to their parity, including 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8parities, 5 animals in each. The obtained results revealed that overall mean of udder depth and circumference were higher (P<0.05) in farm than pastoral system. Udder length showed (P<0.05) an opposite trend, but udder width was not affected by management system. Overall mean of all udder measurements showed increase (P<0.05) by advancing parity. Effect of interaction between management system and animal parity on all udder measurements was not significant. Effect...........

Keywords: Maghrebi camel, management system, parity, milk production

[1]. Abdalla, E. B.; Ashmawy, A. A.; Farouk, M. H.; Salama, O. A. Khalil, F. A. and Seioudy, A. F. (2015). Milk production potential in Maghrebi she-camels. Small Ruminant Research 123 (2015) 129–135.
[2]. Abdallah, H.R.; Faye, B. (2012). Phenotypic classification of Saudi Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) by their body measurements. Emir J Food Agric 24: 272-280.
[3]. Agrawal, R.P.; Jain, S.; Shah, S.; Chopra, A. and Agarwal, V. (2011). Effect of camelmilk on glycemic control and insulin requirement in patients withtype 1 diabetes: 2-years randomized controlled trial. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.65, 1048–1052.
[4]. Al Haj, O.A. and Al Kanhal, H.A. (2010). Compositional, technological and nutritional aspects of dromedary camel milk. International Dairy Journal. 20: 811-821.
[5]. Aljumaah, R.S.; Almutairi, F.; Ayadi, M.; Alshaikh, M.; Aljumaah, A. and Hussein,M. (2011). Factors influencing the prevalence of subclinical mastitisin lactating dromedary camels in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Trop.Anim. Health Prod. 43, 1605–1610..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Three intra-rows spacing (50cm, 25cm and 10cm) on Growth, Yield and Biological Characteristics of Senna obtusifolia: A Plant for Economic Diversification in Tropical Zone.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abdulazeez, A.
	:	10.9790/2380-1101013845

ABSTRACT: The experiment was laid-down to evaluate the effect of three intra- rows spacing on growth, yield and biological characteristics of senna obtusifolia plant. Constant inter- row spacing (50cm) and three intra- rows spacing (50cm, 25cm and 10cm) were examined. There were four ridges for each treatment; all treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 version and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). It was observed that plant height, days to maturity, total seed yield, dry matter weight, number of pod and seed varied significantly (p<0.05) between the intra- rows spacing. Senna obtusifolia planted at wide intra-row spacing of 50cm plant to plant recorded significantly shortest days to maturity (158 days), maximum dry matter weight (177.1g/plant),..........

Keywords: biological characteristics, tropical zone, intra-row, spacing, Senna obtusifolia, yield, economic, diversification, Fulani herdsmen, farmer, clashes.

[1]. Irwin, H.S and Barneby R.C (1982). The American cassiinae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 25:1 – 918.
[2]. Becker, B. (1986). Wild plants for human nutrition in the sahelian zone. Journal of Arid environments, 11(1):61-64;2ref
[3]. Ismaila, Y, Denban, M, Emmanuel, IC, and Augustine, C (2011). Nutritional and Phytochemical screening of senna obtusifolia indigenous to Mubi, Gongola State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science. Reas. 2(3). 432-437.USA.
[4]. Abdulazeez A, and O.A Abdulazeez (2016). Replacement of Dry Senna obtusifolia for Wheat offal in theDiets of Chinchilla Rabbits. An indirect biological control of senna obtusifolia. International Organization of Scientific Research. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. Vol.9, issue. Version 11.,e-ISSN-2319- 2380. P-ISSN:23192379.PP.5256..http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosrjavs/pages/9(4)version-2.html.
[5]. Holm, L.G, Pancho, J.V, Herberger, J.P, and Plucknett, D.L (1997). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. NY, USA: John Willey and sons...

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Analysis of Revenue of Hyacinth Flower Handicraft ( The Case Study on Bungong Crot Business) In Durian Rampak Village, Aceh, Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Rusdi Faizin
	:	10.9790/2380-1101014651

ABSTRACT: handicraft industry should be become as the main driver of Indonesia's economic development totally. The development of handicraft industry is basically expected spurring the growth of handicraft economy and increasing employment opportunities and community income. Industry sector of processing plays an important role in our country. The need for the industry sector development is to provide value-added to the products. One of handicraft industry activities that develops in Southwest Aceh is Hyacinth Flower handicraft business in Durian Rampak Village susoh sub-district southwest Aceh regency. Hyacinth Flower is water plant that is regarded as weed, in fact it can be functioned as staple of handicraft. The Revenue Cost Ration is 3.6 that means that every Rp. 1-, expended gives revenue as much as 3.6 or > 1, so Bungong Crot business in Durian Rampak village, Susoh subdistrict Southwest Aceh regency is worth to be run.

Keywords: handicraft; economics; agriculture; hyacinth flower

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effect of Gandasil D Concentration And Planting Media on Root Cutting Growth of Breadfruit (Artocarpus Communis)
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Ir. Yuliatul Muslimah, MP
	:	10.9790/2380-1101015260

ABSTRACT: One of the obstacles encountered in the cultivation of breadfruit plants is the procurement of good seeds, because the type of breadfruit does not produce seeds so the nurseries is conducted vegetatively. Vegetative propagation techniques that can be done include transplant, natural shoots transfer, root cuttings and shoot cuttings. Gandasil D fertilizer had significant effect on the length of root, number of root 84 HST, and no significant effect on the number of buds at the age of 42, 56, 70, 84 HST and number of leaves at the age of 56, 70, and 84 HST. The best concentration of Gandasil D fertilizer was found at the concentrations of DG 20 g/10 liters of water (D2) and the concentration of DG Gandasil D 30 g/10 L of water (D3)..

Keywords: concentrat; Gandasil D; root; planting media

[1]. Adinugraha, H. 2009. OptimalisasiProduksiBibitSukundenganStekAkardanStekPucuk.Tesis Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta. [2]. Adinugraha, H.A., Kartikawati, N.K. danSuwandi. 2004. PenggunaanTrubusanStekAkarTanamanSukunSebagaiBahanStekPucuk. JurnalPenelitianHutantanaman vol. 1 no. 1, April 2004, halaman 21-28. Pusat PenelitiandanPengembanganBioteknologidanPemuliaanTanamanHutan Yogyakarta. [3]. Adinugraha, H.A., Kartikawati, N.K dan Ismail, B. 2004. PengaruhUkuranStekPosisidanKedalamanTanamTerhadapPertumbuhanStekAkarSukun. JurnalPenelitianHutantanaman Vol. 1 No. 2, Agustus2004, halaman 79-86. Pusat PenelitiandanPengembanganBioteknologidanPemu-liaanTanamanHutan Yogyakarta.
[4]. Feryanto, H. 2006. VariasiAksial Dan Radial Sifat-SifatKayuSukun (Artocarpuscommunis FORST) Dari Bantul Yogyakarta. Tesis. SekolahPascaSarjanaUniversitaGadjahMada. Yogyakarta.
[5]. Hartmann, H. T. dan D. E. Kester. 1975. Prinsip-prinsipperbanyakantanamandan 'Praktek. London: Prentice Hall Inc..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Short Chain Fatty Acid Production, Organic Matter Digestibility and Metabolisable Energy Content of Indigenous Browses from Ethiopian Rift Valley
Country	:	Ethiopia
Authors	:	Amsalu Sisay || Tegene Negesse || Ajebu Nurfeta
	:	10.9790/2380-1101016168

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to estimate the organic matter digestibility, metabolisable energy and short chain fatty acid production of indigenous browses from rift valley of Ethiopia using in vitro gas production technique. Leaves of Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora, Millettia ferruginea, Vernonia amygadalina, Croton macrostachyus and Cordia africana were collected, oven-dried, ground and analyzed for their chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics. General linear model procedure of SAS, Version 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. The highest (P<0.05) rate of gas production (c) and potential gas production (a+b) were observed for Acacia seyal and the least were for Cordia Africana. The highest (P<0.05) organic matter digestibility was observed for Acacia seyal and Vernonia amygadalina while the lowest (P<0.05) was for Cordia............

Keywords:indigenous browses; in vitro gas production; fermentation characteristics; gas production kinetics

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[2]. Waterman RC, Grings EE, Geary TW, Roberts AJ, Alexander LJ, MacNeil MD. Influence of seasonal forage quality on glucose kinetics of young beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 2007; 85: 2582-2595.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The contribution of fish farming to household wellbeing of Fish Farmers in Kitui Central Sub-County, Kitui County
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Joyce M. Nzevu || Dorothy A. Amwata || Amos K. Mutua
	:	10.9790/2380-1101016976

ABSTRACT: Fisheries are a significant sector to the national and household economies in Kenya. The Kenya government initiated the Economic Stimulus Program (ESP) in 2010 to help aquaculture projects in order to jump start the economy by providing food and income to the rural inhabitants as a way of eradicating poverty and creating jobs to the poverty stricken areas. However, there is little information on the contribution of fish farming to the household wellbeing of the farmers adopting the fish farming inKitui Central sub-county. Therefore, the researcher carried out this study to determine the contribution of fish farming to the household wellbeing of the fish farmers in the Kitui Central Sub- County, Kitui County. A sample of sixty (60) fish farmers were used from the targeted 200 fish farmers who benefitted from the government ESP support. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data that was analyzed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study revealed that..........

Keywords:Economic Stimulus Program, Aquaculture, livelihood, income.

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