iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2026

Abstract: MSLT-II and DeCOG-SLT have often been interpreted as the end of the therapeutic case for sentinel lymph node biopsy. The argument advanced here is more nuanced. Completion lymph node dissection has been retired; sentinel biopsy has not. Its contemporary value is prognostic rather than therapeutic, serving as a staging gateway to adjuvant systemic therapy whose decisional impact is greatest in intermediate-thickness disease. This review defends the.....

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Abstract: The aim of this case report is to present the case of replantation of a maxillary incisor with an extended extraoral period following a traumatic avulsion. After storage in saline, an extraoral endodontic treatment was performed in the avulsed tooth. The tooth was replanted back into the socket approx 3 hours later from the moment of trauma. The avulsed tooth was splinted with fibre splint after replantation. A 6 months, 24 months and 30 months follow-up and clinical examination revealed the patient to be asymptomatic and the tooth was functional. The lacerated gingiva was back to its original contour.

Key word: Tooth avulsion, delayed replantation, extra-oral dry time, dental trauma, IADT guidelines.

[1]. Hinckfuss SE, Messer LB. Splinting duration and periodontal outcomes for replanted avulsed teeth: a systematic review. Dent Traumatol, 2009; 25:150-157.
[2]. Panzarini SR, Gulinelli JL, Poi WR, Sonoda CK, Pedrini D, Brandini DA. Treatment of root surface in delayed tooth replantation: a review of literature. Dent Traumatol, 2008; 24:277-282.

Abstract: Podoconiosis is considered one of the most stigmatizing health problem in endemic areas. The absence of adequate care leads to serious social and economic consequences. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented to the National Institute of Biomedical Research in Kinshasa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) for diagnosis confirmation of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. A 55-year-old female patient, living for more than 10 years in the mining territory of Kahemba in the province of Kwango in the DRC, presented on inspection with thickened skin and papillomatous growths on the sides of the feet and heels. Swelling of the lower limbs was bilateral and asymmetric, and limited to the area just below the knees. There were also nodules and maceration between the toes. Tests for........

Keywords: Podoconiosis, case report, non-filarial lymphedema, elephantiasis, Democratic Republic of Congo.

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO). Podoconiose ( lymphoedème non filarien ). Podoconiosis (non-filarial lymphoedema). 2023;1–4.
[2]. Gahlinger PM. Podoconiosis : A Possible Cause of Lymphedema in Micronesia. HAWAI‘I J Heal Soc Welf. 2021;80(9):218–221.
[3]. John C. Chapin. Breching the Marianas: The Battle For Saipan. Washington, DC World War II Mar Corps Commem Ser. 2013. https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Breaching the Marianas - The Battle for Saipan PCN 19000312300.pdf.
[4]. Molla YB, Wardrop NA, Blond JS Le, Baxter P, Newport MJ, Atkinson PM, et al. Modelling environmental factors correlated with podoconiosis : a geospatial study of non-filarial elephantiasis. Int J Health Geogr. 2014;13:1–12.
[5]. Bikorimana JP, Bayisenge U, Huston T, Ruberanziza E, Mbonigaba JB, Dukuzimana MJ, et al. Individual and familial characteristics of patients with podoconiosis attending a clinic in Musanze District , Rwanda : A retrospective study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2020;114(November):947–953.

Abstract: Cerebrovascular accident remains a major cause of death and acquired disability worldwide. Stroke may result in persistent motor, cognitive, language, behavioural and functional impairment, imposing a substantial burden on patients, families and health systems.
Stroke outcomes are influenced by multiple factors, including age, vascular risk factors, stroke subtype, lesion characteristics and neurological severity at presentation. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking and atrial fibrillation are established contributors to cerebrovascular disease.
Personality refers to relatively.......

[1]. Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(1):18-29.
[2]. Campbell BCV, Khatri P. Stroke. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):129-142.
[3]. Kamalakannan S, Gudlavalleti ASV, Gudlavalleti VSM, Goenka S, Kuper H. Incidence & prevalence of stroke in India: A systematic review. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(2):175-185.
[4]. Jones SP, Baqai K, Clegg A, Georgiou R, Harris C, Holland EJ, et al. Stroke in India: a systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, and case fatality. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(2):132-140.
[5]. Towfighi A, Ovbiagele B, El Husseini N, Hackett ML, Jorge RE, Kissela BM, et al. Poststroke depression: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48(2):e30-e43.

Abstract: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The authors declare that this study has received no financial support. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.......

[1]. Toci GR, Tecce ER, Katt BM, Aita D, Beredjiklian PK, Fletcher D. Splinting versus Percutaneous Pinning for the Treatment of Soft Tissue Mallet Finger: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Hand Surg Asian-Pac Vol. 2022;27(06):952-956. doi:10.1142/S2424835522500886
[2]. Lamaris GA, Matthew MK. The Diagnosis and Management of Mallet Finger Injuries. Hand (N Y). 2017;12(3):223-228. doi:10.1177/1558944716642763
[3]. Doyle, James R. Extensor tendons: acute injuries. In: 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 1999:195-198.
[4]. Wehbé MA, Schneider LH. Mallet fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(5):658-669.
[5]. Patel MR, Desai SS, Bassini-Lipson L. Conservative management of chronic mallet finger. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986;11(4):570-573. doi:10.1016/S0363-5023(86)80202-7

Abstract: Background: Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common causes of hearing loss, not only in children but can also be seen in adults. It is a condition in which fluid collects in the middle ear without signs of an acute ear infection. Unlike acute otitis media, it does not cause severe pain or fever. Diagnosis is made through ear examination using an otoscope and hearing tests. Most cases resolve on their own, but persistent fluid may require long treatment and can lead to significant auditory deficits and delayed language development, particularly in children1. While various.....

[1]. Lehmann, KD.Charron, K.Kummer. The effects of chronic middle ear effusion on speech and language development—A Descriptive Study Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1979; 1:137-144.
[2]. Fireman, Philip. Otitis media and eustachian tube dysfunction: Connection to allergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 99, Issue 2, s787 - s797 [3]. Korona-Glowniak I, Wisniewska A, Juda, M. et al. Bacterial aetiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in children - risk factors. J of Otolaryngol - Head & Neck Surg 49, 24 (2020). [4]. Chen R, Deng J, Sun Y, Sun D, Lu H, Jiao X, Zhu F, Lu L, Sima G. Global, regional and national burdens of otitis media in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021 and its predictions to 2040. Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 3;13:1552405. [5]. Sogebi OA, Oyewole EA. Prevalence and Co-Morbidities of Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2022 Jan-Mar;12(1):76-82.

Abstract: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used for denture bases but has limited flexural strength. This in-vitro study aimed to compare the flexural strength of heat-cured PMMA reinforced with 5 wt% nano-zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) and a combination of 2.5 wt% nano-ZrO₂ and 2.5 wt% E-glass fibers. Forty standardized specimens were equally divided into two groups (n = 20), fabricated using heat-cured PMMA, surface treated with TMSPM, and polymerized under controlled conditions. After water storage, flexural strength was evaluated using a three........

Keywords: Polymethylmethacrylate; PMMA; Nano-zirconium oxide; Glass fibers; E-glass fibers; Denture base resin; Flexural strength; Nanocomposite; Fiber reinforcement.

[1]. Yu SH, Lee Y, Oh S, Cho HW, Oda Y, Bae JM: Reinforcing effects of different fibers on denture base resin based on the fiber type, concentration, and combination. Dent Mater J. 2012:1039-46. 10.4012/dmj.2012-020 [2]. Gad MM, Fouda SM, Al-Harbi FA, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A: PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017, 17:3801-3812. 10.2147/IJN.S130722 [3]. Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Rahoma A, Abualsaud R, Al-Harbi FA, Akhtar S: Reinforcement of PMMA Denture Base Material with a Mixture of ZrO2 Nanoparticles and Glass Fibers. Int J Dent. 2019, 28:2489393. 10.1155/2019/2489393 [4]. John J, Gangadhar SA, Shah I: Flexural strength of heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture resin reinforced with glass, aramid, or nylon fibers. J Prosthet Dent. 2001, 86:424-7. 10.1067/mpr.2001.118564 [5]. Asar NV, Albayrak H, Korkmaz T, Turkyilmaz I: Influence of various metal oxides on mechanical and physical properties of heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013, 5:241-7. 10.4047/jap.2013.5.3.241

Abstract: The study evaluated the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) incorporation on water sorption, water solubility, and compressive strength of Type I glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin luting cement. Four groups were evaluated: GIC control, GIC with 10% nano-HAp, resin cement control, and resin cement with 2% nano-HAp. Water sorption, solubility, and compressive strength were assessed using standardized procedures. Nano-HAp incorporation reduced water sorption and solubility and increased compressive strength in both materials (p<0.05). Resin cement demonstrated lower sorption and solubility and higher compressive strength than GIC. Within study limitations, nano-HAp showed favorable effects on the tested properties.........

Keywords: Podoconiosis, case report, non-filarial lymphedema, elephantiasis, Democratic Republic of CongoNano-hydroxyapatite; Type I glass ionomer cement; Resin luting cement; Water sorption; Water solubility; Compressive strength; Dental luting materials; Nanoparticles.

[1]. Al-Hammadi S, Li M, Madfa AA, Al-Shehari WA, Qaid TA, Pan S. Mechanical and biological enhancement of glass ionomer cement through nanofiller integration: a preliminary study for improved restorative applications. Sci Rep. 2026. 10.1038/s41598-026-59123-4. [2]. Karthik SM, Divekar K, Deshpande A, Jadhav P. Effect of incorporation of naturally synthesized nanohydroxyapatite on compressive strength of glass ionomer luting cement – an in vitro study. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(1s):630-634. 10.25258/ijddt.16.630-634 [3]. Aradya, Anupama & Mariappan, Anusuya & Marballi Basavaraju, Ravi & Malahalli, Vijaya & gowda, Raghavendraswamy & Rajashekar, Dhakshaini. (2025). Incorporation of Naturally Obtained Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Resin Luting Cements and Glass Ionomer Cement to Valuate Water Sorption and Solubility: An In Vitro Study. International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry. 15. 27-35. 10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1488. [4]. Ilancheran, Priyan & .P, Jessy & Maiti, Subhabrata & Shanmugam, Rajeshkumar. (2024). Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties and Compressive Strength of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Incorporated Glass Ionomer Cement. Cureus.2024;16(4) e58562. 10.7759/cureus.58562. [5]. Fabrication and characterization of reinforced glass ionomer cement by zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Heliyon. 2024;10:e39063 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39063..

Abstract: Background: Immediate loading of single-tooth dental implants offers the potential for reduced treatment time and early restoration of function and esthetics. However, concerns regarding implant survival and marginal bone loss compared with early loading remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of immediate loading and early loading protocols for single-tooth dental implants.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.........

Keywords: Immediate loading; early loading; single-tooth dental implant; implant survival; marginal bone loss; systematic review; meta-analysis..

[1]. Attard NJ, David LA, Zarb GA. Immediate loading of implants with mandibular overdentures: one-year clinical results of a prospective study. Prosthodont 2005;18: 463-70.
[2]. Degidi M, Piattelli A. Comparative analysis study of 702 dental implants subjected to immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading to traditional healing periods with a follow-up of up to 24 months. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005; 20: 99-107.
[3]. Schnitman PA, Wohrle PS, Rubenstein JE. Immediate fixed interim prostheses supported by two-stage threaded implants: methodology and results. J Oral Implantol 1990; 16: 96-105.
[4]. Nkenke E, Fenner M. Indications for immediate loading of implants and implant success. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17: 19-34.
[5]. Schincaglia GP, Marzola R, Scapoli C, Scotti RJ. Immediate loading of dental implants supporting fixed partial dentures in the posterior mandible: a randomized controlled split-mouth study machined versus titanium oxide implant surface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22: 35-46.

Abstract: Background: Clear aligner therapy is now delivered through two fundamentally different material routes: aligners thermoformed from extruded thermoplastic sheets, mostly glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate, copolyesters and thermoplastic polyurethanes, and aligners photopolymerised directly from shape-memory thermoset resins. The two routes are frequently discussed as though they differed only in manufacturing convenience, yet they rest on distinct polymer architectures, and the bench evidence published in 2025 and 2026 does not converge on which.........

Keywords: clear aligners; shape-memory polymers; polyethylene terephthalate glycol; stress relaxation; biocompatibility; three-dimensional printing

[1]. Martínez-Hernández JI, Villegas-Mercado CE, Santana-Delgado SA, Orozco-Molina GG, Arreguín-Cano JA, Ordóñez-Torres K, et al. Clear aligner therapy beyond esthetics: oral health, polymer materials, and the environmental cost of digital orthodontics. Front Dent Med. 2026;7:1810940. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2026.1810940
[2]. Boonchanachai C, Kanpittaya P, Fakhruddin KS, Chengprapakorn S, Rerksanan N, Laoamata V, et al. A scoping review of sustainable orthodontic supply chains: innovations and waste management in clear aligner therapy. Eur J Orthod. 2025;47(6):cjaf080. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjaf080
[3]. Delgado JI, Kehyaian P, Fernández-Blázquez JP. Thermoplastics for clear aligners: a review. Polymers (Basel). 2025;17(12):1681. doi:10.3390/polym17121681..

Abstract: Gingival retraction is an essential clinical procedure during the fabrication of fixed partial dentures when the preparation finish line is located close to or within the gingival sulcus. Adequate displacement of the marginal tissues permits visualization and recording of the cervical preparation, while control of blood and crevicular fluid is necessary for obtaining an accurate impression or digital scan. At the same time, excessive mechanical pressure, chemical irritation........

Keywords: Gingival retraction; gingival displacement; fixed partial denture; retraction cord; cordless retraction; haemostasis; laser; intraoral scanner; digital impression; periodontal health

[1]. Donovan TE, Chee WWL. Current concepts in gingival displacement. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(2):433-444.
[2]. Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ, Jekki R, Won J. Gingival displacement for impression making in fixed prosthodontics: contemporary principles, materials, and techniques. Dent Clin North Am. 2014;58(1):45-68.
[3]. Huang C, Somar M, Li K, Mohadeb JVN. Efficiency of cordless versus cord techniques of gingival retraction: a systematic review. J Prosthodont. 2017;26(3):177-185.
[4]. Tabassum S, Adnan S, Khan FR. Gingival retraction methods: a systematic review. J Prosthodont. 2017;26(8):637-643.
[5]. Martins FV, Santana RB, Fonseca EM. Efficacy of conventional cord versus cordless techniques for gingival displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125(1):46-55.