iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2026

Abstract: Background: This comparative study evaluated the PET image quality with commonly used NEMA IEC Body and observed a number of defects, hindering its application for detecting micro-lesions and measuring the performance parameters of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to compare, review, and propose a PET/CT phantom designed by National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, and that phantom tested in our organisation, which is capable of simultaneously testing the performance....

Keywords: NEMA IEC Body phantom, NIM PET/CT phantom, CT performance parameters, Image quality, Hot spheres, Cold spheres, Micro-lesions

[1]. A NIM PET/CT Phantom For Evaluating The PET Image Quality Of Micro‑Lesions And The Performance Parameters Of CT Shujie Lu†, Peng Zhang†, Chengwei Li, Jie Sun, Wenli Liu And Pu Lu Et Al. BMC Medical Imaging (2021) 21:165
[2]. Society Of Nuclear Medicine, India
[3]. Technical Publication Direction 5860378-1EN, Revision 1
[4]. EANM Physicist Guide.
[5]. Bailey DL, Townsend DW, Valk PE, Maisey MN. Positron Emission Tomogra- Phy. Berlin: Springer; 2015

Abstract: Objective: To describe an atypical inaugural presentation of multiple sclerosis mimicking stroke, in order to highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of thorough clinical and radiological evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure early appropriate management. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study reporting a case of multiple sclerosis with an atypical onset mimicking stroke. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected from the patient’s medical records, including neurological examination, brain MRI....

[1]. Ghoul M, Bourokba S, Louanchi M, Lakehal M, Ghernoub I, Layadi R, Et Al. Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques : A Propos De 5 Cas. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1 Avr 2015;Journées De Neurologie De Langue Française 2015171:A68‑9.
Doi:10.1016/J.Neurol.2015.01.152
[2]. Labauge P. Les Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques Et Formes Frontières. Bull Académie Natl Médecine. 1 Juin 2022;206(6):735‑40. Doi:10.1016/J.Banm.2022.01.030[3].
Grosset-Janin D, Morel N, Casez O. Mise Au Point Sur La Sclérose En Plaques De Début Tardif : 10 Questions Portant Sur La SEP Du Sujet Agé. Prat Neurol - FMC. 1 Févr 2014;5(1):32‑8. Doi:10.1016/J.Praneu.2013.10.012
[4]. Hong Y, Tang HR, Ma M, Chen N, Xie X, He L. Multiple Sclerosis And Stroke: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. BMC Neurol. 24 Juin 2019;19(1):139. Doi:10.1186/S12883-019-1366-7 Pubmed PMID: 31234793; Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6591845.
[5]. Édition Professionnelle Du Manuel MSD [Internet]. [Cité 26 Avr 2026]. Sclérose En Plaques (SEP) - Troubles Neurologiques. Disponible Sur: Https://Www.Msdmanuals.Com/Fr/Professional/Troubles-Neurologiques/Maladies-Démyélinisantes/Sclérose-En-Plaques-Sep

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) classically presents with cavitation or upper lobe infiltrations which is a hallmark radiological feature of PTB. It usually manifests as single cavitary consolidation mostly in the upper lobe (apical and posterior segments)1,3. Later in HIV era, pulmonary TB presentation have diversified with lower lobe involvement and diffuse pulmonary disease becoming more common due to profound immunosuppression and low CD4 counts.1,2 However, with the growing prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, malnutrition, alcoholism etc, unusual...

Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, extensive lung and radiological involvement, immune-competent host, non-HIV patients.

[1]. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Singhal VK, Pande JN. Clinical Presentation Of Tuberculosis In Patients With AIDS: An Indian Experience. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1997 Oct-Dec;39(4):213-20. PMID: 9654817.
[2]. Urbanowski ME, Ordonez AA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Cavitary Tuberculosis: The Gateway Of Disease Transmission. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):E117-E128. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30148-1. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32482293; PMCID: PMC7357333
[3]. Rosen Y, Cavitating Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Gross Pathology). Case Study, Radiopaedia.Org. Https://Doi.Org/10.53347/Rid-8633
[4]. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[5]. Ananthanarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Ananthanarayan And Paniker’s Textbook Of Microbiology. 11th Ed. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2023.

Abstract: Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for impaired pulmonary function and the development of obstructive airway diseases. Spirometry is a simple, non-invasive, and reliable method for assessing lung function and detecting early airway abnormalities. Objectives: 1. To compare spirometry findings among smokers and non-smokers. 2. To assess the relationship between smoking index and spirometry findings....

Keywords: Smoking, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Spirometry, Smoking Index, Pulmonary Function

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[2]. Barnes PJ, Burney PGJ, Silverman EK, Celli BR, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Et Al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15076.
[3]. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PMA, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global Strategy For Diagnosis, Management, And Prevention Of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):1256–76.
[4]. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Et Al. Standardisation Of Spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–38.
[5]. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Et Al. Interpretative Strategies For Lung Function Tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948–68

Abstract: Commotio retinae is a well-recognised consequence of blunt ocular trauma characterised by transient cloudy swelling and greyish discolouration of the sensory retina. When co-existing with active choroiditis and a chronic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), the clinical picture becomes considerably more complex, mandating prompt diagnosis and a nuanced management strategy. We report a 45-year-old male daily-wage worker who presented with a 15-day history of painless, progressive diminution of vision in the left eye following blunt trauma to the head....

Keywords: Commotio retinae; Choroiditis; Choroidal neovascular membrane; Ocular trauma; Blunt trauma; Retinal oedema

[1]. Khurana AK. Parsons' Diseases Of The Eye. 23rd Ed. Elsevier; 2023.
[2]. Bowling B. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 10th Ed. Elsevier; 2024.
[3]. Eyewiki – American Academy Of Ophthalmology. Commotio Retinae. Available At: Https://Eyewiki.Org/Commotio_Retinae
[4]. Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular Tuberculosis — An Update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(6):561–587.
[5]. Papakostas TD, Yonekawa Y, Kim IK, Eliott D. Ocular Trauma — Overview And Management. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2015;55(2):1–18.

Abstract: Introduction: Surgery First Approach is done to improve the facial profile in the first phase of the treatment and decrease the treatment duration. Though pronounced mandibular auto-rotation can be seen post-operatively, which is to be included in the treatment plan. Aim: The aim of this scoping review is to know the best method for the predictability of mandibular auto-rotation in patients undergoing...

Keywords: Orthognathic surgery, autorotation, prediction, surgery first approach

[1]. Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction Of Mandibular Growth Rotation Evaluated From A Longitudinal Implant Sample. Am J Orthod. 1984 Nov;86(5):359-70.
[2]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 1 – Soft Tissue Analysis. JCO 2001;35(6) ; 356-364.
[3]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 2 VTO Construction In The Horizontal Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (7); 434-443.
[4]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 3 VTO Construction In The Vertical Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (8); 479-490.
[5]. Chng CK, Gandedkar NH, Liou EJ. Surgery-First Orthodontic Management

Abstract: Introduction: Burn injuries remain a major global public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Caregivers play a crucial role in recovery, yet their knowledge regarding burn management is often inadequate.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding burns and home care management among caregivers of burn patients. Materials and Methods....

Keywords: Burns, Caregivers, Structured Teaching Programme, Home Care Management, Knowledge

[1]. World Health Organization. Burns. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
[2]. Gupta Jl, Makhija Lk, Bajaj Sp. National Programme For Prevention Of Burn Injuries In India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010;43(Suppl):S6-S10.
[3]. Herndon Dn. Total Burn Care. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018.
[4]. Greenhalgh Dg. Management Of Burns. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2349-2359.
[5]. Moi Al, Haugsmyr E. Patients’ Experiences Of Social Support Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(1):E20-E27