iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2026

Abstract: Background: This comparative study evaluated the PET image quality with commonly used NEMA IEC Body and observed a number of defects, hindering its application for detecting micro-lesions and measuring the performance parameters of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to compare, review, and propose a PET/CT phantom designed by National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, and that phantom tested in our organisation, which is capable of simultaneously testing the performance....

Keywords: NEMA IEC Body phantom, NIM PET/CT phantom, CT performance parameters, Image quality, Hot spheres, Cold spheres, Micro-lesions

[1]. A NIM PET/CT Phantom For Evaluating The PET Image Quality Of Micro‑Lesions And The Performance Parameters Of CT Shujie Lu†, Peng Zhang†, Chengwei Li, Jie Sun, Wenli Liu And Pu Lu Et Al. BMC Medical Imaging (2021) 21:165
[2]. Society Of Nuclear Medicine, India
[3]. Technical Publication Direction 5860378-1EN, Revision 1
[4]. EANM Physicist Guide.
[5]. Bailey DL, Townsend DW, Valk PE, Maisey MN. Positron Emission Tomogra- Phy. Berlin: Springer; 2015

Abstract: Objective: To describe an atypical inaugural presentation of multiple sclerosis mimicking stroke, in order to highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of thorough clinical and radiological evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure early appropriate management. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study reporting a case of multiple sclerosis with an atypical onset mimicking stroke. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected from the patient’s medical records, including neurological examination, brain MRI....

[1]. Ghoul M, Bourokba S, Louanchi M, Lakehal M, Ghernoub I, Layadi R, Et Al. Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques : A Propos De 5 Cas. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1 Avr 2015;Journées De Neurologie De Langue Française 2015171:A68‑9.
Doi:10.1016/J.Neurol.2015.01.152
[2]. Labauge P. Les Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques Et Formes Frontières. Bull Académie Natl Médecine. 1 Juin 2022;206(6):735‑40. Doi:10.1016/J.Banm.2022.01.030[3].
Grosset-Janin D, Morel N, Casez O. Mise Au Point Sur La Sclérose En Plaques De Début Tardif : 10 Questions Portant Sur La SEP Du Sujet Agé. Prat Neurol - FMC. 1 Févr 2014;5(1):32‑8. Doi:10.1016/J.Praneu.2013.10.012
[4]. Hong Y, Tang HR, Ma M, Chen N, Xie X, He L. Multiple Sclerosis And Stroke: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. BMC Neurol. 24 Juin 2019;19(1):139. Doi:10.1186/S12883-019-1366-7 Pubmed PMID: 31234793; Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6591845.
[5]. Édition Professionnelle Du Manuel MSD [Internet]. [Cité 26 Avr 2026]. Sclérose En Plaques (SEP) - Troubles Neurologiques. Disponible Sur: Https://Www.Msdmanuals.Com/Fr/Professional/Troubles-Neurologiques/Maladies-Démyélinisantes/Sclérose-En-Plaques-Sep

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) classically presents with cavitation or upper lobe infiltrations which is a hallmark radiological feature of PTB. It usually manifests as single cavitary consolidation mostly in the upper lobe (apical and posterior segments)1,3. Later in HIV era, pulmonary TB presentation have diversified with lower lobe involvement and diffuse pulmonary disease becoming more common due to profound immunosuppression and low CD4 counts.1,2 However, with the growing prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, malnutrition, alcoholism etc, unusual...

Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, extensive lung and radiological involvement, immune-competent host, non-HIV patients.

[1]. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Singhal VK, Pande JN. Clinical Presentation Of Tuberculosis In Patients With AIDS: An Indian Experience. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1997 Oct-Dec;39(4):213-20. PMID: 9654817.
[2]. Urbanowski ME, Ordonez AA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Cavitary Tuberculosis: The Gateway Of Disease Transmission. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):E117-E128. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30148-1. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32482293; PMCID: PMC7357333
[3]. Rosen Y, Cavitating Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Gross Pathology). Case Study, Radiopaedia.Org. Https://Doi.Org/10.53347/Rid-8633
[4]. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[5]. Ananthanarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Ananthanarayan And Paniker’s Textbook Of Microbiology. 11th Ed. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2023.

Abstract: Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for impaired pulmonary function and the development of obstructive airway diseases. Spirometry is a simple, non-invasive, and reliable method for assessing lung function and detecting early airway abnormalities. Objectives: 1. To compare spirometry findings among smokers and non-smokers. 2. To assess the relationship between smoking index and spirometry findings....

Keywords: Smoking, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Spirometry, Smoking Index, Pulmonary Function

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[2]. Barnes PJ, Burney PGJ, Silverman EK, Celli BR, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Et Al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15076.
[3]. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PMA, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global Strategy For Diagnosis, Management, And Prevention Of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):1256–76.
[4]. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Et Al. Standardisation Of Spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–38.
[5]. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Et Al. Interpretative Strategies For Lung Function Tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948–68

Abstract: Commotio retinae is a well-recognised consequence of blunt ocular trauma characterised by transient cloudy swelling and greyish discolouration of the sensory retina. When co-existing with active choroiditis and a chronic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), the clinical picture becomes considerably more complex, mandating prompt diagnosis and a nuanced management strategy. We report a 45-year-old male daily-wage worker who presented with a 15-day history of painless, progressive diminution of vision in the left eye following blunt trauma to the head....

Keywords: Commotio retinae; Choroiditis; Choroidal neovascular membrane; Ocular trauma; Blunt trauma; Retinal oedema

[1]. Khurana AK. Parsons' Diseases Of The Eye. 23rd Ed. Elsevier; 2023.
[2]. Bowling B. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 10th Ed. Elsevier; 2024.
[3]. Eyewiki – American Academy Of Ophthalmology. Commotio Retinae. Available At: Https://Eyewiki.Org/Commotio_Retinae
[4]. Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular Tuberculosis — An Update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(6):561–587.
[5]. Papakostas TD, Yonekawa Y, Kim IK, Eliott D. Ocular Trauma — Overview And Management. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2015;55(2):1–18.

Abstract: Introduction: Surgery First Approach is done to improve the facial profile in the first phase of the treatment and decrease the treatment duration. Though pronounced mandibular auto-rotation can be seen post-operatively, which is to be included in the treatment plan. Aim: The aim of this scoping review is to know the best method for the predictability of mandibular auto-rotation in patients undergoing...

Keywords: Orthognathic surgery, autorotation, prediction, surgery first approach

[1]. Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction Of Mandibular Growth Rotation Evaluated From A Longitudinal Implant Sample. Am J Orthod. 1984 Nov;86(5):359-70.
[2]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 1 – Soft Tissue Analysis. JCO 2001;35(6) ; 356-364.
[3]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 2 VTO Construction In The Horizontal Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (7); 434-443.
[4]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 3 VTO Construction In The Vertical Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (8); 479-490.
[5]. Chng CK, Gandedkar NH, Liou EJ. Surgery-First Orthodontic Management

Abstract: Introduction: Burn injuries remain a major global public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Caregivers play a crucial role in recovery, yet their knowledge regarding burn management is often inadequate.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding burns and home care management among caregivers of burn patients. Materials and Methods....

Keywords: Burns, Caregivers, Structured Teaching Programme, Home Care Management, Knowledge

[1]. World Health Organization. Burns. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
[2]. Gupta Jl, Makhija Lk, Bajaj Sp. National Programme For Prevention Of Burn Injuries In India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010;43(Suppl):S6-S10.
[3]. Herndon Dn. Total Burn Care. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018.
[4]. Greenhalgh Dg. Management Of Burns. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2349-2359.
[5]. Moi Al, Haugsmyr E. Patients’ Experiences Of Social Support Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(1):E20-E27

Abstract: Objective: The aim of reporting this case of an atypical presentation of an optic nerve sheath meningioma mimicking optic neuritis is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis and early imaging in order to avoid delays in management. Methods: A descriptive study of a case of optic nerve sheath meningioma revealed by optic neuritis. Data were collected retrospectively from the clinical records and MRI findings, along with a review of the literature.
Results: The patient presented with decreased visual acuity initially suggestive of optic neuritis. The atypical clinical course and MRI findings.....

[1]. M. Bouyon Et Al , Méningiome Et Neuropathie Optique : Un Piège Diagnostique, Journal Français D'ophtalmologie, Vol 36 - N° 3, P. 221-229 - Mars 2013, Doi : 10.1016/J.Jfo.2012.07.001
[2]. Z. Hammoumi Et Al, Les Tumeurs Du Nerf Optique: A Propos De 18 Cas, Société Francaise D´Ophtalmologie, 2021
[3]. T. Ben Salem Et Al, Profil Clinique Et Etiologique Des Neuropathies Optiques Rétrobulbaires Dans Un Service De Médecine Interne, La Revue De Médecine Interne,Vol 38 - N° S1 P. A191-A192 - Juin 2017. Doi :10.1016/J.Revmed.2017.03.278
[4]. Mouton S Et Al, Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma. Experience In Lyon With Twenty Patients. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2007 May;163(5):549-59. Doi: 10.1016/S0035-3787(07)90461-0.Pmid: 17571023
[5]. M. Bouyon Et Al, Méningiome Et Neuropathie Optique : Un Piège Diagnostiqueoptic Neuropathy And Meningioma : A Diagnostic Trap, Journal Français D'ophtalmologie Volume 36, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 221-229, Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jfo.2012.07.001

Abstract: Background and Aims: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) constitute a frequent and clinically significant dimension of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), extending its morbidity well beyond the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical spectrum of EIMs in a cohort of IBD patients managed at a Moroccan tertiary referral centre, and to examine differences between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on 210 patients followed between 2019 and 2022, comprising 133....

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; extraintestinal manifestations; musculoskeletal manifestations

[1]. Levine JS, Burakoff R. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2011;7(4):235–41.
[2]. Corridoni D, Arseneau KO, Cominelli F. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immunol Lett. 2014;161(2):231–5.
[3]. Shen YH. Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Extraintestinal Manifestations: What Role Does The Microbiome Play? Engineered Regeneration. 2023.
[4]. Vavricka SR, Schoepfer A, Scharl M, Et Al. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015.
[5]. Lichtenstein GR. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2015

Abstract: This case series deals with patients who underwent surgery with diagnosis of cholecystitis or gall bladder carcinoma at a tertiary centre and were later confirmed to have xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) based on histopathological examination..

Keywords: gall bladder carcinoma, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, histopathological examination, cholecystectomy

[1]. Goodman JP, Ishak KL. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1981;5(7):653-63.
[2]. Tiwari KG, Khandelwal B. Histopathological Spectrum Of Gallbladder Lesions With Special Reference To Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2018;61(4):531-536
[3]. Jha SH, Varma V, Sharma A, Et Al. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Diagnostic Dilemmas And Surgical Challenges. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(37):4746-51.
[4]. Gosh A, Mukherjee K. Imaging Features Of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Pitfalls And Diagnostic Clues. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(3):210-6.
[5]. Dixit VK, Prakash A, Gupta A, Et Al. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Review Of 110 Cases. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83(7-8):482-7.

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major global health challenge, accounting for the majority of head and neck cancers and exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, survival outcomes have improved only marginally, largely due to recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Increasing evidence supports the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which proposes that a small subpopulation of tumor cells with stem-like properties drives tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of oral cancer stem cells, focusing on their biological characteristics.....

Keywords:Oral cancer, cancer stem cells, SOX-2, OCT4, CD44, CD133, ALDH, tumor microenvironment, targeted therapy

[1]. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
[2]. Barsouk A, Aluru JS, Rawla P, Saginala K, Barsouk A. Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Sci (Basel). 2023;11(2):42.
[3]. Vigneswaran N, Williams MD. Epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer and aids in diagnosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2014;26(2):123–141.
[4]. Ng JH, Iyer NG, Tan MH, Edgren G. Changing epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a global study. Head Neck. 2017;39(2):297–304.
[5]. Mody MD, Rocco JW, Yom SS, Haddad RI, Saba NF. Head and neck cancer. Lancet. 2021;398(10318):2289–2299

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent digestive disorder associated with a significant impairment in quality of life. The GERD-Q questionnaire is a simple and validated clinical tool used to assess the likelihood and severity of GERD based on symptom evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between GERD-Q scores and endoscopic findings in patients presenting with GERD-related symptoms.
A cross-sectional.....

Keywords:GERD, GERD-Q, esophagitis, endoscopy, reflux disease

[1] J. S. Nirwan, S. S. Hasan, Z.-U.-D. Babar, B. R. Conway, And M. U. Ghori, “Global Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (Gord): Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis,” Sci. Rep., Vol. 10, No. 1, P. 5814, Apr. 2020, Doi: 10.1038/S41598-020-62795-1.
[2] E. J. Gong Et Al., “Validation Of The Korean Version Of The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire For The Diagnosis Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease,” J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil., Vol. 25, No. 1, Pp. 91–99, Jan. 2019, Doi: 10.5056/Jnm18133.[3] D. M. Simadibrata, E. Ngadiono, F. A. G. Sinuraya, I. Damara, R. Fass, And M. Simadibrata, “Diagnostic Accuracy Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire For Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis,” Neurogastroenterol. Motil., Vol. 35, No. 12, P. E14619, Dec. 2023, Doi: 10.1111/Nmo.14619.
[4] S. Vadivelu Et Al., “Clinical Validity And Reliability Of The Malay Language Translations Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire And Quality Of Life In Reflux And Dyspepsia Questionnaire In A Primary Care Setting,” Dig. Dis., Vol. 37, No. 2, Pp. 100–107, 2019, Doi: 10.1159/000494386.
[5] A. I. Sharara Et Al., “Prevalence Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Risk Factors For Erosive Esophagitis In Obese Patients Considered For Bariatric Surgery,” Dig. Liver Dis. Off. J. Ital. Soc. Gastroenterol. Ital. Assoc. Study Liver, Vol. 51, No. 10, Pp. 1375–1379, Oct. 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Dld.2019.04.010

Abstract: Background: Partial edentulism remains a significant oral health concern in developing countries. It adversely affects mastication, phonetics, esthetics, and overall quality of life. The etiology is multifactorial, including dental caries, periodontal disease, trauma, systemic conditions, and socio-behavioural determinants. Aim: To assess the prevalence and pattern of partial edentulism and its association with socio-demographic and systemic factors among patients attending a dental teaching institution.
Materials and.....

Keywords:Partial edentulism, Kennedy classification, tooth loss, socioeconomic factors, cross-sectional study, systemic diseases

[1]. Nagaraj E, Mankani N, Madalli P, Astekar D. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014;14(1):24–28.
[2]. Friedman Pk, Lamster Ib. Periodontol 2000. 2016;72(1):142–152.
[3]. Medina-Solís Ce, Et Al. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:843–852.
[4]. Rodríguez Fr, Et Al. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(2):139–145.
[5]. Mai X, Et Al. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144(3):252–265

Abstract: For a successful endodontic treatment in primary molars, it is important to decontaminate morphologically complex root canals with lateral fibrils and interconnecting branches between canals. During instrumentation, formation of smear layer is inevitable, which makes irrigation protocol necessary to ensure biological sealing and for treatment success. This review deals with mechanical and fluid dynamics of various irrigation needle designs, specifically comparing traditional metallic needles and advanced soft polypropylene needles. Also describes about......

[1]. Valizadeh M, Gheidari A, Daghestani N, Mohammadzadeh Z, Khorakian N. Evaluation of various root canal irrigation methods in primary teeth: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Nov 21;23(1):901.
[2]. Ganesh P, Srinivasan D, Baburam A, Babu A. Root canal irrigants in pediatric dentistry – A narrative review. J Chem Health Risks. 2024 Aug 17;14(4):1194-1202.
[3]. Chauhan PS, Yadav N, Shah Y, Rajan M, Ramana SV, Surana P. Irrigation in pediatric dentistry: a literature review. Int J Dent Syst Innov Res. 2022 Sep;5(5):01-08.
[4]. Mishra PS, Kulkarni P, Mali S, Tiwari S, Kumar A, Srinivas M. A randomised clinical study to evaluate the effect of different irrigation needles during pulpectomy in primary teeth. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2025;24(6 Ser 5):67-75.
[5]. Ziya M, Yüksel BN, Sarı Ş. Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Primary Molars: A Micro-CT Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2019;22(4):382-9.

Abstract: Background: Obstructive jaundice is one of the most common causes of patient admission in surgery department. Although incidence of periampullary carcinoma is rare, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely treatment and improved outcome. Objective: To evaluate the clinical profile and laboratory findings of patients with periampullary carcinoma admitted to a tertiary care hospital.....

Key words: Periampullary carcinoma, obstructive jaundice, clinical profile, laboratory findings, CA 19-9.

[1]. Uomo G. Periampullary carcinoma: some important news in histopathology. JOP. 2014;15(2):213-215.
[2]. Rostain F, Hamza S, Drouillard A, Faivre J, Bouvier AM, Lepage C. Trends in incidence and management of cancer of the ampulla of Vater. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(29):10144-10150.
[3]. Hanif H, Khan SA, Muneer S, Adil SO. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):652-656.
[4]. Amandeep S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRCP as compared to USG/CT in patients with obstructive jaundice. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(3):103-107.
[5]. Wang GX, Ge XD, Zhang D, et al. MRCP combined with CT promotes the differentiation of benign and malignant distal bile duct strictures. Front Oncol. 2021;11:683869.

Abstract: Background: Deformities around the knee joint result in altered biomechanics, impaired function and joint degeneration. The management of complex deformities remains challenging, particularly in long-standing cases with soft tissue contractures and limb-length discrepancies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of knee deformity correction by using the Ilizarov method.
Methods: This......

Keywords: Knee deformity, Ilizarov technique, external fixation, limb alignment, functional outcome, MAD

[1]. Kawoosa AA, Wani IH, Dar FA, Sultan A, Qazi M, Halwai MA. Deformity correction about knee with Ilizarov technique: Accuracy of correction and effectiveness of gradual distraction after conventional straight cut osteotomy. Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja. 2015 Nov 1;17(6):587-92.
[2]. Wink AE, Gross KD, Brown CA, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Niu J, Torner J, Lewis CE, Nevitt MC, Tolstykh I, Sharma L. Varus thrust during walking and the risk of incident and worsening medial tibiofemoral MRI lesions: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2017 Jun 1;25(6):839-45.
[3]. van Bosse HJ, Pontén E, Wada A, Agranovich OE, Kowalczyk B, Lebel E, Şenaran H, Derevianko DV, Vavilov MA, Petrova EV, Barsukov DB. Treatment of the lower extremity contracture/deformities. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2017 Jul 1;37: S16-23.
[4]. Leonchuk SS, Novikov KI, Subramanyam KN, Shikhaleva NG, Pliev MK, Mundargi AV. Management of severe congenital flexion deformity of the knee using Ilizarov method. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2020 Jan 1;29(1):47-52.
[5]. Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P. Post-traumatic knee stiffness: surgical techniques. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2015 Feb 1;101(1): S179-86..

Abstract: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a typical medical emergency, with mortality rate of approximately 10%. This study aims to identify the demographic and etiological characteristics of UGIB as well as to report the experience of the department of gastroenterology of the university hospital of Tangier located in a regional hospital, and the differences between the non-variceal and variceal bleeding. This was a retrospective study of patients with UGIB admitted to the emergency department and benefiting from an oesogastroduodenal endoscopy between may 2021......

Keywords: Endoscopic treatment; Hemorrhagic ulcer; Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; Variceal bleeding

[1] A. J. Stanley Et L. Laine, « Management Of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding », Bmj, P. L536, Mars 2019, Doi: 10.1136/Bmj.L536.
[2] S. Barroug, « Profil Epidémiologique, Etiologique Et Evolutif Des Hémorragies Digestives Hautes Au Niveau D’un Hôpital Régional D’agadir. », 2021.
[3] A. K. Kamboj, P. Hoversten, Et C. L. Leggett, « Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Etiologies And Management », Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Vol. 94, No 4, P. 697‑703, Avr. 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Mayocp.2019.01.022.
[4] A. Elghuel, « The Characteristics Of Adults With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Admitted To Tripoli Medical Center: A Retrospective Case-Series Analysis », Libyan Journal Of Medicine, Vol. 6, No 1, P. 6283, Janv. 2011, Doi: 10.3402/Ljm.V6i0.6283.
[5] M. Diarra, A. Soucko-Diarra, M. Dolo, H. Traore, Et A. Diallo, « Hémorragies Digestives Hautes Aiguës: Expérience D’un Milieu Rural », Acta Endosc, Vol. 37, No 3, P. 321‑326, Juin 2007, Doi: 10.1007/Bf02961922..

Abstract: While often thought of as childhood diseases, a significant number of Primary immune deficiency (PID) cases are diagnosed in adults. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary symptomatic humoral immunodeficiency in adults, which entails higher susceptibility to sinopulmonary infections and bronchiectasis formation. Here we report......

[1]. Rosel AL, Scheibenbogen C, Schliesser U, Sollwedel A, Hoffmeister B, Hanitsch L, Et Al. Classification Of Common Variable Immunodeficiencies Using Flow Cytometry And A Memory B-Cell Functionality Assay. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;135(1):197–208).
[2]. Kumar Y, Bhatia A. Comment On Common Variable Immunodeficiency In Adults: Current Diagnostic Protocol And Laboratory Measures . Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013;10(2):187–188
[3]. Fernandez Romero DS, Juri MC, Paolini MV, Malbran A. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Epidemiology And Clinical Manifestations In 69 Patients. Med (B Aires). 2013;73(4):315–323
[4]. Shoemark A, Ozerovitch L, Wilson R. Aetiology In Adult Patients With Bronchiectasis. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1163–1170
[5]. Janssen LMA, Van Der Flier M, De Vries E. Lessons Learned From The Clinical Presentation Of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:620709.

Abstract: Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are associated with significant sympathetic stimulation, leading to hemodynamic fluctuations. Magnesium sulphate, by inhibiting catecholamine release and enhancing neuromuscular blockade, may attenuate these responses and improve intubating conditions.
Methods: This prospective, randomized study included 50 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I received magnesium sulphate (50 mg/kg loading dose followed by......

Keywords: Magnesium sulphate, neuromuscular blockade, vecuronium, mean arterial pressure, intubation, hemodynamic response

[1]. Singh S, Malviya D, Rai S, Yadav B, Kumar S, Sharma A. Pre-Treatment With Magnesium Sulphate Before Non-Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Effect On Speed Of Onset, Induction And Recovery. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014;3(10):1238-43.
Doi:10.5455/Ijmsph.2014.100720144.
[2]. Rehman A, Khaleeq S, Ahmed A, Maan MAM, Siddiq S, Khan L. Effects Of Magnesium Sulphate On The Onset And Duration Of Neuromuscular Blockade By Cisatracurium In Adult Patients Undergoing Transpedicular Screw Fixation Surgery Under General Anesthesia. APMC. 2021;15(2):113-7. Doi:10.29054/APMC/2021.897.
[3]. Ryu JH, Kang MH, Park KS, Do SH. Effects Of Magnesium Sulphate On Intraoperative Anaesthetic Requirements And Postoperative Analgesia In Gynaecology Patients Receiving Total Intravenous Anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2008;100(3):397-403.
[4]. Kaskinoro K. The Effects Of Anesthetic-Induced Loss Of Consciousness On Quantitative EEG, Bispectral And Spectral Entropy Indices. Turku: University Of Turku; 2011.
[5]. Purdon PL, Pierce ET, Mukamel EA, Prerau MJ, Walsh JL, Wong KF, Et Al. Electroencephalogram Signatures Of Loss And Recovery Of Consciousness Under Propofol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(12):E1142–E1151.

Abstract: Background: Oral hygiene education plays a vital role in preventing plaque accumulation and maintaining periodontal health. Different educational approaches are used to improve oral hygiene practices, but their relative effectiveness among youth requires evaluation. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of audio-visual aid and pamphlet-based education in reducing plaque accumulation among youth aged 18–25 years......

Keywords: Oral hygiene education, plaque, audio-visual aids, pamphlet, youth

[1]. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous Improvement Of Oral Health In The 21st Century--The Approach Of The WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31 Suppl 1:3-23. Doi:10.1046/J..2003.Com122.X
[2]. Wardhana, E. S., Ratnawati, I. D., Failasufa, H., & Balqis, I. (2023). A Comparative Analysis Of The Impact Of Audiovisual And Leaflets Through Whatsapp As Oral Health Promotion Media On Adolescents’ Knowledge Of Oral Health. South Eastern European Journal Of Public Health, 181–188.
[3]. Yohana, W., Alfath, A. H., Susilawati, S., & Wardani, R. (2020). Comparison Of Educational Methods Between Using Leaflets And Audiovisuals In Order To Increase Knowledge On Oral Cancer Among High School Students In Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research, 13(1), 166–169.
[4]. Josnavinutha Y, Majed Ayed Almasluki Alenazi, Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of An Audio–Visual Aid For Oral Health Education In Saudi Arabian Children., International Journal Of Scientific Research: Volume-7 | Issue-8 | August-2018
[5]. Sihombing, K. P., & Simaremare, R. T. (2024). Literature Review Of The Effectiveness Of Audiovisual Media Base Counseling On The Knowledge Of Dental And Mouth Health Maintenance And Debris Index. International Journal Of Dentistry Research, 9(2), 37–41.

Abstract: Background: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is a common procedure and is often followed by postoperative pain, swelling, and alveolar bone loss. Various materials have been used to enhance socket healing, but many have limitations. Simvastatin, a widely used lipid-lowering drug, has shown osteogenic, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of locally delivered simvastatin on postoperative pain, swelling......

Keywords: simvastatin, bone graft, osteoinduction, bone formation, extraction socket preservation

[1]. Ashman A. Postextraction Ridge Preservation Using A Synthetic Alloplast. Implant Dent. 2000;9(2):168–176.
Doi:10.1097/00008505-200009020-00011. PMID:11307396.
[2]. Aminov A, Bangiev L, Poskevicius L, Juodzbalys G. The Effect Of Local Simvastatin On Alveolar Bone Regeneration, Pain, And Swelling After Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2025;16(2):E4. Doi:10.5037/Jomr.2025.16204. PMID:40693125; PMCID:PMC12276082.
[3]. Quisiguiña Salem C, Ruiz Delgado E, Crespo Reinoso PA, Robalino JJ. Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Review Of Concepts And Controversies. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2023;14(2):167–176.
Doi:10.4103/Njms.Njms_224_22. PMID:37661984; PMCID:PMC10474543.
[4]. Nagni M, D’Orto B, De Cunto R, Cattoni F, Vinci R. Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation With Immediately Loaded Post-Extractive Implants: Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study At 18-Month Follow-Up. Appl Sci. 2025;15(11):6080. Doi:10.3390/App15116080.
[5]. Udeabor SE, Heselich A, Al-Maawi S, Alqahtani AF, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Current Knowledge On The Healing Of The Extraction Socket: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023;10(10):1145. Doi:10.3390/Bioengineering10101145. PMID:37892875; PMCID:PMC10604628..

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal mouthwashes in patients with gingivitis undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This experimental study included 40 patients aged 17-25 years undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and diagnosed with gingivitis. Participants were divided into two groups: non-herbal mouthwash (chlorhexidine......

Keywords: Gingivitis, Chlorhexidine, non herbal mouthwash, fixed orthodontic treatment, plaque.

[1]. Avinash B, Shivamallu AB, Bhojraj N, Et Al. Comparison Of Reduction Of Dental Plaque And Gingivitis Between Herbal And Nonherbal Dentifrices And Mouth Rinses In
[2]. Orthodontic Cases: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Study. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2019;13(3):69–72.
[3]. Tidke S, Chhabra G, Madhu P P, Et Al. (August 13, 2022) The Effectiveness Of Herbal Versus Non-Herbal Mouthwash For Periodontal Health: A Literature Review. Cureus 14(8): E27956.
[4]. Talebi Ardakani, M., Farahi, A., Mojab, F., Moscowchi, A., & Gharazi, Z. (2022). Effect Of An Herbal Mouthwash On Periodontal Indices In Patients With Plaque-Induced Gingivitis: A Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Journal Of Advanced Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, 14(2), 109–113.
[5]. Janakiram, C., Venkitachalam, R., Fontelo, P. Et Al.Effectiveness Of Herbal Oral Care Products In Reducing Dental Plaque & Gingivitis – A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 20, 43 (2020)..

Abstract: Purpose To evaluate postoperative macular thickness changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) following uneventful manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and to compare findings with published data on phacoemulsification. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted at a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Northeast India over a 12-month period.....

Keywords: Cataract surgery; manual small-incision cataract surgery; phacoemulsification; optical coherence tomography; macular thickness; cystoid macular edema; ETDRS grid; postoperative macular edema

[1]. Khurana AK, Khurana I. Anatomy And Physiology Of Eye. Bengaluru: CBS Publishers & Distributors; 2021.
[2]. Bhargava S, Devendra J. Study Of Change In Macular Thickness Pre And Post Small Incision Cataract Surgery And Its Correlation With Best Corrected Visual Acuity. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2021;20(4):9-14.
[3]. Salwan A, Singh S. A Study To Assess Macular Thickness And Visual Outcome Before And After Cataract Surgery. Int Surg J. 2021;8(6):1747-53.
[4]. Kim BJ, Ahn YJ, Oh HY, Choi SI, Yoo YS, Whang WJ, Et Al. Assessment Of Macular Thickness After Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2022;36(4):296-305.
[5]. Gharbiya M, Cruciani F, Cuozzo G, Parisi F, Russo P, Abdolrahimzadeh S. Macular Thickness Changes Evaluated With Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography After Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification. Eye (Lond). 2013;27(5):605-11..

Abstract: Background: Episiotomy, a surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour, was historically performed routinely to prevent severe perineal trauma. However, growing evidence and recommendations from the World Health Organization discourage routine use due to limited benefits and potential maternal harm. Despite this, episiotomy remains common in many low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical indications and outcomes of restrictive episiotomy compared with no episiotomy in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh......

Keywords: Restrictive Episiotomy, Routine Episiotomy, Vaginal Delivery, Perineal Trauma.

[1]. Khan F, Rehena Z, Begum N, Sayeed F. Maternal and Foetal Outcome in Routine versus Selective Use of Episiotomy. Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists. 2022 Jul 31;35(2):51-7.
[2]. Barua HR, Alamgir SN, Dewan G. Routine Episiotomy Practice: A Study from Bangladesh. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(4):957-62.
[3]. World Health Organization. Toolkit for adaptation of the WHO recommendations for a positive pregnancy and postnatal experience. World Health Organization; 2025 May 9.
[4]. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on maternal health: guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee. World Health Organization; 2025 May 26.
[5]. Alrida NA, Ababneh A, Al-Sharif K, Arabiat D, Alshraidah J, Al-Zu'bi B. A systematic review of the use of routine versus selective episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cureus. 2024 Jul 31;16(7).

Abstract: Background: Skin diseases are common causes of morbidity worldwide, and older adults in low- and middle-income countries are especially vulnerable because of age-related skin changes, multimorbidity, and poor access to specialist care. This study aimed to describe the patterns of skin disease presentation, treatment response, and healthcare utilization among elderly patients in a rural area of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over 12 months among elderly residents (≥50 years) of selected rural communities in Bangladesh. Using consecutive sampling during household visits and community outreach, 175 participants were enrolled; 160 with at least one clinically diagnosed.....

Keywords: Geriatric dermatology, Skin diseases, Rural area, Health-seeking behaviour, and Healthcare utilization.

[1]. World Health Organization. Ageing and health. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int
[2]. Aksut CK, Grada A, Mohsen N, Dellavalle R. 265 The global burden of skin disease: An update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2019 May 1;139(5):S45.
[3]. Urban K, Chu S, Scheufele C, Giesey RL, Mehrmal S, Uppal P, Delost GR. The global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 195 countries and territories: A cross-sectional analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. JAAD international. 2021 Mar 1;2:22-7.
[4]. Pulsipher KJ, Szeto MD, Rundle CW, Presley CL, Laughter MR, Dellavalle RP. Global burden of skin disease representation in the literature: Bibliometric analysis. JMIR dermatology. 2021 Aug 31;4(2):e29282.
[5]. Kottner J, Fastner A, Lintzeri DA, Blume-Peytavi U, Griffiths CE. Skin health of community-living older people: a scoping review. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2024 Jun 1;316(6):319.

Abstract: Background: Subtrochanteric femoral fracture is a complex fracture with high levels of biomechanical stress, a high rate of complications, and the potential for malalignment, implant failure, and leg length discrepancy. Proximal femoral nail fixation is now an accepted method for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures, given its biomechanical advantages and the ability to permit early mobilisation. This study aims to evaluate complications, alignment outcomes, and limb-length discrepancy following proximal femoral nail fixation in patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures......

Keywords: Subtrochanteric, Intramedullary Fixation, Alignment, Hip Fracture.

[1]. Green DP. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
[2]. Panteli M, Rodham P, Giannoudis PV. Biomechanical rationale for implant choices in femoral neck fracture fixation in the non-elderly. Injury. 2015 Mar 1;46(3):445-52.
[3]. Kanis JA, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl DA, Cooper C, IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporosis International. 2012 Sep;23(9):2239-56.
[4]. Dhanwal DK, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C. Epidemiology of hip fracture: worldwide geographic variation. Indian journal of orthopaedics. 2011 Feb;45(1):15-22.
[5]. Rahman MM, Ahmed F, Khalequzzaman AK. Functional outcome following proximal femur fracture fixation with DHS vs. Trochanteric plates. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci. 2025;11(07):517-21.

Abstract: Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to become the next major innovation in dentistry, yet adoption rates vary widely. Whether a practice’s existing digital maturity predicts AI readiness remains unclear. Aim of this study: This study quantitatively assessed the association between digital maturity and AI adoption among dental practitioners and identified practice-related factors that predict the next phase of dental innovation. Methods & Materials: A cross.....

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Digital Maturity; Technology Adoption; Cross-Sectional Study; Dental Informatics; Dental Practice Management; Diffusion of Innovation; Digital Dentistry; Diagnostic Digital Tools; Teledentistry, Virtual Assistance, Bangladesh.

[1]. Joda T, Bornstein MM, Jung RE, Ferrari M, Waltimo T, Zitzmann NU. Digital transformation in dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(1):2-7.
[2]. Schwendicke F, Samek W, Krois J. Artificial intelligence in dentistry: chances and challenges. J Dent Res. 2020;99(7):769-74.
[3]. Ahlholm P, Sipilä K, Vallittu P, Jakonen M, Kötiranta U. Digital versus conventional impressions in fixed prosthodontics: a review. J Prosthodont. 2018;27(1):35-41.
[4]. Mangano F, Gandolfi A, Luongo G, Zelenov S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):149.
[5]. Kihara H, Hatakeyama W, Komine F, Takafuji K, Takahashi T, Yokota J, et al. Accuracy and practicality of intraoral scanner in dentistry: a literature review. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64(2):109-13..