iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

Abstract: Background : Microcystic and cystoid macular changes are frequently encountered on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and may lead to diagnostic confusion in daily clinical practice. Objective : To review the OCT characteristics and clinical significance of microcystic and cystoid macular changes.
Methods : This is a narrative (non-systematic) review of selected published articles focusing on OCT morphology and associated.....

Key Word: Microcystic macular changes, cystoid macular edema, optical coherence tomography, retina

[1]. Bringmann A, Wiedemann P. Müller Glial Cells In Retinal Disease. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[2]. Sun JK, Radwan SH, Soliman AZ, Et Al. Neural Retinal Disorganization As A Robust Marker Of Visual Acuity In Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology.
[3]. Molday RS, Kellner U, Weber BH. X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis: Clinical Diagnosis, Genetic Analysis, And Molecular Mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[4]. Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, Et Al. Mechanisms Of Macular Edema. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[5]. Cunha-Vaz J. The Blood–Retinal Barrier In Retinal Disease. Prog Retin Eye Res.

Abstract: Background : Adult-onset strabismus is uncommon and often indicates an underlying neurological or mechanical cause. Orbital amyloidosis is a rare condition that may lead to extraocular muscle involvement and restrictive strabismus.
Objective : To review the clinical presentation, imaging features, and management considerations of adult-onset strabismus associated.......

Keywords : Adult strabismus, orbital amyloidosis, restrictive strabismus, extraocular muscles, orbit

[1]. Shields JA, Shields CL. Orbital Amyloidosis: Clinical Features And Diagnosis. Ophthalmology.
[2]. Levy J, Lifshitz T, Klemperer I, Et Al. Orbital Amyloidosis: Clinical And Imaging Characteristics. Surv Ophthalmol.
[3]. Khurana RN, Porco TC, Rao NA. Localized Orbital Amyloidosis Involving Extraocular Muscles. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg.
[4]. AAO BCSC. Orbit, Eyelids, And Lacrimal System.
[5]. Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Amyloidosis: Diagnosis And Management. Mayo Clin Proc

Abstract: Backrouund: A Giant Cell Tumor of the extensor tendon sheath, additionally called 'Synovioma,' is taken into consideration a benign tumor, however it's miles widely known for its excessive chance of recurrence. Tumors bobbing up from the extensor tendon sheath of the center phalanges are notably uncommon. Additionally, bony involvement in Giant Cell Tumor of the extensor tendon sheath is unusual however intently related to the threat of neighborhood recurrence following surgery. Radiological symptoms and symptoms of bone involvement can also additionally encompass strain erosion, well-described cortical destruction, and degenerative arthritis.The number one remedy for this circumstance entails the entire elimination of the tumor from the tendon sheath.

Key Word: Gaint Cell Tumour, Extensor Tendon Sheath,

[1]. Vogrincic GS, O'Conelle JX, Gilks CB. Giant Mobile Tumor Of The Tendon Sheath Is A Polyclonal Mobile Proliferation. Hum Pathol 1997;28:815-9.
[2]. Rodrigues C, Dasai S, Chinoy R. Giant Mobile Tumor Of The Tendon Sheath: A Retrospective Examine Of 28 Cases. J Surg. Oncol 1998;68:100-3.
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Abstract: Background: Endodontic research aims to improve the understanding, diagnosis, and management of diseases of the pulp and periradicular tissues. Given the complex anatomy of the root canal system and the microscopic nature of many pathological and structural changes, conventional visual methods often fall short in providing adequate detail. Microscopes have therefore emerged as an important adjunctive tool in endodontic research, offering enhanced magnification, illumination, and resolution.
The use of various.......

Keywords: Microscope, Endodontic research, Root canal system

[1]. K. R. Spring, Detectors For Fluorescence Microscopy, In A. Periasamy (Ed.), Methods In Cellular Imaging, New York: Oxford University Press, 40-52, 2001 \
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[3]. W. B. Amos, Instruments For Fluorescence Imaging, In V. J. Allan (Ed.), Protein Localization By Fluorescence Microscopy: A Practical Approach, New York: Oxford University Press, 67-108, 2000.
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Abstract: Résumé Les déficits immunitaires primitifs (DIP) constituent un groupe des maladies rares et hétérogènes responsables d’une susceptibilité accrue aux infections et de complications non infectieuses. Le déficit immunitaire combiné à début tardif (LOCID), forme sévère du déficit immunitaire commun variable (DICV), peut se révéler à l’âge adulte et reste souvent sous-diagnostiqué. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 37 ans présentant des infections respiratoires récurrentes depuis huit ans, admis pour.....

[1]. Picard C, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Et Al. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: An Update On The Classification From The International Union Of Immunological Societies Expert Committee For Primary Immunodeficiency 2015. J Clin Immunol. 2015 ;35(8):696-726.
[2]. Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Al-Herz W, Et Al. The 2015 IUIS Phenotypic Classification For Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol. 2015 ;35(8):727-38.
[3]. Charline Miot, Diagnostic Biologique Des Déficits Immunitaires Primitifs REVUE FRANCOPHONE DES LABORATOIRES •MAI 2018
[4]. Emma Chambery Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Definition, Frequency And Diagnosis Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires, February 2023
[5]. Wehr C. Et Al. The Euroclass Trial: Defining Subgroups In Common Variable Immuodeficiency Blood(2008)

Abstract: Background: Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, with severity often influenced by underlying metabolic and hormonal disturbances. While traditionally considered a cutaneous condition, recent studies suggest that biochemical markers such as vitamin D3, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) may be closely linked to acne severity. Objective: To evaluate the association between selected biochemical parameters and clinical grades of acne vulgaris in young adults....

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Insulin resistance, Vitamin D3 deficiency, Thyroid function

[1]. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Et Al. Guidelines Of Care For The Management Of Acne Vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-973.
[2]. Podgórska A, Malinowska-Borowska J, Sitek A. Acne Vulgaris: A Disease Of The Endocrine System? Endokrynol Pol. 2020;71(6):610–617.
[3]. Asgharian M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ebrahimi H, Zarinfar N. Evaluation Of Insulin Resistance In Acne Patients. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(9):34–38.
[4]. Arora P, Seth S, Dayal S. Thyroid Profile In Acne Vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018;84(4):449–452.
[5]. Asha M, Manjunath GV, Poornima M, Deepa K. Insulin Resistance And Serum Testosterone In Acne Vulgaris. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(3): BC01–BC03