iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2025

Abstract: Introduction: The sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone housing the pituitary gland, may present with morphological variations such as sella turcica bridging due to excessive ossification between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes. Sella turcica bridging is associated with various skeletal and systemic conditions, with a reported prevalence.....

Keywords: sella turcica bridging, cephalometric analysis, craniofacial skeletal patterns, orthodontic diagnosis

[1]. Skrzat, J., Szewczyk, R. And Walocha, J., 2006. The Ossified Interclinoid Ligament. Folia Morphologica, 65(3), Pp.242-245.
[2]. Axelsson, S., Storhaug, K. And Kjær, I., 2004. Post-Natal Size And Morphology Of The Sella Turcica. Longitudinal Cephalometric Standards For Norwegians Between 6 And 21 Years Of Age. The European Journal Of Orthodontics, 26(6), Pp.597-604.
[3]. Leonardi, R., Barbato, E., Vichi, M. And Caltabiano, M., 2006. A Sella Turcica Bridge In Subjects With Dental Anomalies. The European Journal Of Orthodontics, 28(6), Pp.580-585.
[4]. Becktor, J.P., Einersen, S. And Kjær, I., 2000. A Sella Turcica Bridge In Subjects With Severe Craniofacial Deviations. The European Journal Of Orthodontics, 22(1), Pp.69-74.
[5]. Alkofide, E.A., 2008. Sella Turcica Morphology And Dimensions In Cleft Subjects. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 45(6), Pp.647-653.

Abstract: Detection and management of variations in root canal anatomy are often an obstacle faced by the dental practitioner. In the current case, endodontic treatment initiated in maxillary left first molar revealed three root canals on the mesio-buccal root. This unusual root canal morphology was detected using various armamentarium and techniques carried out on the pulp chamber floor. The canal configuration was confirmed by radiographic examination....

Keywords: Root canal; First molar; Cone Beam Computed Tomography; Treatment; Pulp chamber.

[1]. Gundam S, Maddu R, Gurram SR. Endodontic Management Of A Maxillary Molar With Three Mesiobuccal Canals. Case Rep Dent. 2014: 4:01:16-20.
[2]. Yamada M, Ide Y, Matsunaga S, Kato H, Nakagawa KI. Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Mesiobuccal Root Canal Of Japanese Maxillary First Molar Using Micro-CT. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2011:52:2:77-84.
[3]. Govil S, Asthana G, Kanodia S, Parmar A. A Case Report On Endodontic Management Of The Rarest Vertucci’s Type VIII Configuration In Maxillary Second Molar With Three Mesiobuccal Canals. J Of Cons Dent. 2021:24:4:404.
[4]. Tandon J, Taneja S, Bhalla VK, Rathore A. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Of Mesiobuccal Root And Canal Morphology Of Maxillary Molars In Delhi-NCR Population- A Retrospective Study. Of Clinical And Diag Res. 2021.
[5]. Ordinola-Zapata R, Martins JNR, Plascencia H, Versiani MA, Bramante CM. The MB3 Canal In Maxillary Molars: A Micro-CT Study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020:24:11:4109-4121.

Abstract: Introduction: Autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvests are increasingly being conducted in pediatrics patients for specific haematolymphoid and solid malignancies. A high-flow Central Venous Catheter is essential for the procedure. Many centers commonly utilize a femoral sheath and a peripherally inserted vein (PIV) for apheresis procedures. However, there is limited published data on the performance and safety of using a double-lumen femoral central venous catheter (CVC) in pediatric PBSC collection. This approach has traditionally been discouraged due to concerns about a higher risk of infections and thromboembolic complications.....

Keywords: femoral vein; central venous catheter; vascular access; dual lumen polyurethane catheter; PBSC collection.

[1]. Fishmeister G, Witt V, Zaunschirm HA, Et Al. Permanent Tunneled Silicone Central Venous Catheters For Autologous PBPC Harvest In Children And Young Adults. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;26:781-786.
[2]. Moreiras-Plaza M, Albo C, Ares C. Efficacy And Safety Of Femoral Vascular Access For Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Collection. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004;33:347-350. [3]. Laura Cooling, Sandra Hoffmann, Dawn Webb, Etal. Performance And Safety Of Femoral Central Venous Catheters In Pediatric Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection. Journal Of Clinical Apheresis 2017; 32:501-506.Pediatric Patients:Feasibility Of Leukapheresis Under Anesthesia In Uncompliantsmallchildren With Solid Tumors. J Clin Apher.2006 Jul;21(2):85-91. [4]. Yocco M, Healy D, Barnes Y, Et Al. Pediatricpheresis Leg Splint Immobilization To Increase Efficiency Of Stem Cell Collection And Control Femoral Pheresis Catheter Malfunctions [Abstract]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008;14(S):151.
[5]. Sevilla J, Fernandez Plaza S, Conzalez-Vicent M M, Lassaletta A, Ramirez M, Madero L, Diaz A. PBSC Collection In Extremely Low Weight Infants: A Singlecenter Experience. Cytotherapy 2007;9:356-361.

Abstract: Background: In developing countries, medicinal herbs are used in the treatment of ocular diseases. In the current study, the effects of selected herbs used in the treatment of eye diseases were tested on isolated bacterial ocular infections.
Materials and methods: The bacterial ocular infections were obtained from patients attending Abia State University, Uturu Optometry Clinic. Tears from the patients were collected for culture using Schirmer strips. Isolates were identified by colonial morphology, microscopy and biochemical tests. The medicinal plants analyzed included.....

Keywords:Eye, Ocular diseases, bacterial infections, herbs, treatment eye diseases

[1]. Shivaji S, Jayasudha R, Sai Prashanthi G, Kalyana Chakravarthy S, Sharma S. The Human Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 2019 ;60(1):451. Doi: 10.1167/Iovs.18-26076
[2]. Shanthi J, Vanaja PR, Balagurunathan R. Laboratory Diagnosis And Prevalence Study Of Corneal Infections From A Tertiary Eye Care Hospital. Advances In Applied Science Research. 2012;3(3):1598–602.
[3]. Ejiakor I, Achigbu E, Onyia O, Edema O, Florence Un. Impact Of Visual Impairment And Blindness On Quality Of Life Of Patients In Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Middle East African Journal Of Ophthalmology. 2019;26(3):127.
[4]. Usanga VU, Agbo NL, Kalu ME, Ude UA, Azi SO. Microbial Contamination, Antimicrobial Activities Of Dissotis Rotundifolia Leaf: A Common Ethnomedicine For Ocular Diseases. Nigerian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research. 2023;19(1):71–7.
[5]. Atawi R, Ayed A, Batran A. Traditional Eye Medicine Practice And Its Determinant Factors Among Ophthalmic Patients In The West Bank. Journal Of Public Health Research. 2024 ;13(2). Doi:10.1177/22799036241243267

Abstract: The broad category of fixed partial prosthodontics includes treatment solutions based on both prosthodontic and restorative principles. Patients typically have high expectations for fixed partial denture (FPD) therapy, so they rarely welcome failures. The situations that arise during or following properly executed fixed prosthodontic therapy operations are known as failures. There are three categories of reasons why fixed prosthodontics fail: biological, mechanical, and aesthetic. Loss of retention, bridge fractures, coronal tooth fractures, porcelain fractures, and.....

Keywords: Prosthesis failure, fixed partial denture failure, Biological failure, Mechanical failure, Esthetic Failure

[1]. Dr. Rohit Kumar Singh, Dr.Chandan Sengupta, Dr. Saba Anjum, Dr Joel Koshy Joseph, Dr. Eirsa Farheen,“Clinical Failure And Its Management In Fixed Partial Denture: A Systemic Review”, IJDSIR- August - 2020, Vol. – 3, Issue -4, P. No. 245 – 252.
[2]. Dewan H, Haroon TM, Mogla S, Gupta A, Loganathan J, Ahammed AN, Kommuri S. Assessment Of Failure Rate Of Fixed Partial Dentures: A Clinical Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2022 Jul;14(Suppl 1):S262-S263. Doi: 10.4103/Jpbs.Jpbs_718_21. Epub 2022 Jul 13. PMID: 36110713; PMCID: PMC9469224.
[3]. Jabeen F, Ruthwal Y, Thakur K. Evaluation Of Causes Of Failures Of Fixed Partial Denture. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res. 2022;10(4):140-143.
[4]. RAGHAVAN ROHIT. Failures In Fixed Partial Denture: A Review. Zenodo (CERN European Organization For Nuclear Research). 2023;
[5]. Barreto MT. Failures In Ceramometal Fixed Restorations. The Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1984 Feb 1;51(2):186-9.

Abstract: Introduction: An insulinoma is a rare pancreatic endocrine tumor that is typically sporadic, solitary, and less than 2 cm in diameter. Fewer than 5% of insulinomasare larger than 3 cm. Ninety percent or more of all insulinomas are benign. Case presentation: This study reports on a 38-year-old man was admitted with 1 episode of convulsion. The onset of the symptoms was 1 year ago.....

[1]. Okabayashi T, Shima Y, Sumiyoshi T, Kozuki A, Ito S, Et Al. (2013) Diagnosis And Management Of Insulinoma. World J Gastroenterol19: 829–837.[Crossref
[2]. ]Bouslama K, Maghrebi H, Bedioui H, Bouslama K (2014) Pancreatic Insulinoma: Diagnostic Approach And Therapeutic Modalities.J Afr Hépatol Gastroentérol8: 11–15.[Crossref]
[3]. Patel S, Narwari M, Parekh D, Shah V (2013) Insulinoma: Case Report And Review Of Diagnostic And Treatment Modalities. J Assoc Physicians India61: 423–426.[Crossref]
[4]. Abboud B, Boujaoude J (2008) Occult Sporadic Insulinoma: Localization And Surgical Strategy.World J Gastroenterol14: 657–665.[Crossref]
[5]. Cryer PE (1999) Symptoms Of Hypoglycemia, Thresholds For Their Occurrence, And Hypoglycemia Unawareness. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am28: 495–500, V–Vi.[Crossref].

Abstract: Recent years have seen growing interest in the interplay between gut microbiota, metabolic regulation, and cognition. Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown not only to improve glycemic control but also to modulate gut microbial communities, reduce systemic inflammation, and possibly ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. This article reviews preclinical and clinical evidence on metformin’s effects on the gut microbiome, metabolites.....

Keywords: Gut microbiota, Cognitive decline, Memory, Hippocampus

[1]. Zhang, X. Et Al. Akkermansia Muciniphila, Which Is Enriched In The Gut Microbiota By Metformin, Improves Cognitive Function In Aged Mice By Reducing The Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6. Microbiome 11, 120 (2023). Biomed Central+1
[2]. Rosell-Díaz, M. & Fernández-Real, J. M. Metformin, Cognitive Function, And Changes In The Gut Microbiome. Endocrine Reviews (2023). Endocrine Society+2Endocrine Society+2
[3]. Zhou, L. Et Al. Metformin Reduces Aging-Related Leaky Gut And Improves Cognitive Function By Beneficially Modulating Gut Microbiome / Goblet Cell / Mucin Axis. Journal Of Gerontology & Geriatric Research (Or Related Journal) (2020). Pubmed+2PMC+2
[4]. Sun, X. Et Al. Metformin Restores Hippocampal Neurogenesis And Learning And Memory Via Regulating Gut Microbiota In The Obese Mouse Model. Brain, Behavior, And Immunity (2021). Pubmed
[5]. Chele, D. Et Al. Metformin’s Effects On Cognitive Function From A Biovariance Perspective: A Narrative Review. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences (2025). (Cited In Rosell-Díaz Review) Pubmed.

Abstract: The eruption of permanent teeth is a key developmental milestone for children, influenced by various genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the timing of permanent tooth eruption in 100 school-aged children (6–12 years) from Hindu Coronation school in Melmaruvathur. The children's height, weight, and eruption status of permanent first molars and incisors were recorded....

Keywords: Permanent tooth eruption, Body Mass Index, BMI, Children, Mixed dentition, Nutritional status, Dental development, Tooth eruption timing

[1]. Suri L, Gagari E, Vastardis H. Delayed Tooth Eruption: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, And Treatment. A Literature Review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 126: 432–445.
[2]. Wise GE. Cellular And Molecular Basis Of Tooth Eruption. Orthod Craniofac Res 2009; 12: 67–73
[3]. Leache Barbería E, Pallardo Marañes JP, Martínez Mourelle MR, González Moreno JP. Tooth Eruption In Children With Growth Deficit. J Int Assoc Dent Child 1988; 19: 29–35.
[4]. Franchi L, Baccetti T, Mcnamara JA Jr. Mandibular Growth As Related To Cervical Vertebral Maturation And Body Height. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000; 118: 335–340.
[5]. Lal S, Cheng B, Kaplan S Et Al. Accelerated Tooth Eruption In Children With Diabetes Mellitus. Pediatrics 2008; 121: E1139–E1143.

Abstract: This study explores age and sex-dependent variations in prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) levels among gluten-sensitive patients in Iraq, a region with high gluten consumption and limited enzymatic research. Using data from 80 study participants who were divided into four groups (G1 - control group ages 5-20; G2 - control group ages 20-40; G3 - patients ages 5-....

Keywords: Prolyl endopeptidase, gluten sensitivity, age, biomarker, sex, Iraq, personalized therapy

[1]. Alam, M. S., Thomas, L. F., Brumpton, B., Hveem, K., Lundin, K. E., Withoff, S., ... & Ness-Jensen, E. (2024). Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Risk Variants For Celiac Disease In The 5p15. 33 Locus: Insights From A Population-Based Screening Of Adults, The HUNT Study. Medrxiv, 2024-12.
[2]. Al-Rawazq, H. S., Al-Rawi, L. I., & Al-Zubaidy, R. A. R. (2021). Seroprevalence Of Celiac Disease Among Children In Baghdad, Iraq. Journal Of Research In Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(2), 954-957.
[3]. Arcila-Galvis, J. E., Loria-Kohen, V., Ramírez De Molina, A., Carrillo De Santa Pau, E., & Marcos-Zambrano, L. J. (2022). A Comprehensive Map Of Microbial Biomarkers Along The Gastrointestinal Tract For Celiac Disease Patients. Frontiers In Microbiology, 13, 956119.
[4]. Cárdenas-Torres, F. I., Cabrera-Chávez, F., Figueroa-Salcido, O. G., & Ontiveros, N. (2021). Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: An Update. Medicina, 57(6), 526.
[5]. Cabanillas, B. (2020). Gluten-Related Disorders: Celiac Disease, Wheat Allergy, And Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity. Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition, 60(15), 2606-2621

Abstract: Gingival hyper-pigmentation is an aesthetic complication for numerous subjects with a gummy smile. The present series represents the use of different techniques for gingival de-pigmentation. Three cases reported identical principal complaint of unesthetic brown to black colored gingiva. Depigmentation was accomplished with no bleeding problems or postoperative discomfort. Following up the cases after the procedure, the gingiva seemed in good contour, pink color, and firm consistency. No recurrence has been seen in next 3-6 months.

Keywords: Hyperpigmentation, Depigmentation, LASER, Aesthetics

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[2]. Dummett CO: Pertinent Considerations In Oral Pigmentations. Br Dent J. 1985, 158:9-12. 10.1038/Sj.Bdj.4805526
[3]. .Gupta G, Kumar A, Khatri M, Puri K, Jain D, Bansal M, Et Al. Comparison Of Two Different Depigmentation Techniques For Treatment Of Hyperpigmented Gingiva. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18:705–9. Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.147404. [DOI] [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
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[5]. Murthy MB, Kaur J, Das R. Treatment Of Gingival Hyperpigmentation With Rotary Abrasive, Scalpel, And Laser Techniques:A Case Series. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16:614–9. Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.106933. [DOI] [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: Background: The vertical jaw relation is essential in complete denture construction, as it influences oral function and esthetics. Accurate determination of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is therefore critical. This study aimed to assess the relationship between OVD and selected facial measurements.
Materials and Methods:....

Keywords: occlusal vertical dimension, ear-eye distance, inter-pupillary distance, pupil-corner of mouth distance, nose-chin distance

[1]. Al-Ahmari, A. M. (2021). Vertical Jaw Relation In Dental Treatment Planning: A Literature Review. Journal Of International Society Of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 11(1), 1-8.
[2]. Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Singh Khurana P R, Singh M. Clinical Reliability Of Different Facial Measurements In Determining Vertical Dimension Of Occlusion In Dentulous And Edentulous Subjects .International Journal Of Prosthodontics And Restorative Dentistry, July-September 2014;4(3):68-77
[3]. Singh DK, Subhas S, Gupta A, Kesari M, Kumar A, Nayak A. Facial Measurements: A Guide For Vertical Dimension.(2020) J Family Med Prim Care Apr 30;9(4):2056-2060.
[4]. Alhajj MN, Khalifa N, Abduo J, Amran AG, Ismail IA. Determination Of Occlusal Vertical Dimension For Complete Dentures Patients: An Updated Review. J Oral Rehabil. 2017 Nov;44(11):896-907. Doi: 10.1111/Joor.12522. Epub 2017 Jun 10. PMID: 28600914.
[5]. Proffit, W.R., Fields, H., Larson, B. And Sarver, D.M., 2018. Contemporary Orthodontics-E-Book: Contemporary Orthodontics-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the use of machine learning (ML) techniques in predicting hernia recurrence after open inguinal hernioplasty. This retrospective study simulates a large cohort of adult patients and examines key clinical and operative factors (age, BMI, comorbidities, mesh type, etc.) in relation to recurrence. We compare multiple predictive models to identify significant predictors and assess model performance. Methods: We simulated a dataset of 1000 patients undergoing primary open inguinal hernioplasty (mean age 51.6±19.2 years;...

Keywords: inguinal hernia; recurrence; machine learning; predictive modeling; logistic regression; random forest; support vector machine

[1]. Hassan AM, Lu SC, Asaad M, Et Al. Novel Machine Learning Approach For The Prediction Of Hernia Recurrence, Surgical Complication, And 30-Day Readmission After Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. J Am Coll Surg. 2022. Large Institutional Study Using ML (Multiple Algorithms) To Predict Hernia Recurrence And Complications — Demonstrates Feasibility And Performance Benchmarks (AUC ≈0.82–0.85).
[2]. 2.Taha A, Et Al. The Development Of Artificial Intelligence In Hernia Surgery — A Scoping Review. Front Surg / Journal Of Abdominal Wall Surgery. 2022. Review Of AI Applications In Hernia Surgery (Risk Prediction, Imaging, Outcome Modelling); Useful For Literature Review And Contextualizing ML Methods.
[3]. Q. Wu Et Al. Application Of Machine Learning Algorithms To Predict Surgical Site Occurrences/ Infections After Inguinal Hernia Surgery. (2024) — Pubmed Entry. Recent ML Study Specifically Targeting SSI/SSO After Inguinal Hernia Repair — Relevant If You Include Infection As A Co-Outcome Or Model Covariate.
[4]. R. Vogel. Artificial Intelligence — What To Expect From Machine Learning In Hernia Surgery. J Abdominal Wall Surg / Mini-Review (2024). Short, Clinician-Facing Review Describing Strengths/Limitations Of ML In Hernia Surgery And The Importance Of Explainability.
[5]. Hassan AM (ACS Press

Abstract: Measles, a highly contagious virus, causes severe complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, even death, with India bearing a massive burden. WHO estimates, in 2020, measles caused an estimated 98,000 deaths globally, with India accounting for nearly 20% of them (1). Rubella, when contracted during pregnancy, leads to devastating Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in newborns. Both diseases strain healthcare systems, increasing costs and diverting resources from other crucial areas of development. Additionally, lost productivity due to illness and disability....

[1]. MeaslesWorld Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles (Accessed: 20 February 2024).
[2]. World Health Organization. (2021, December 3). Progress towards regional measles and rubella elimination in 2020. who.int
[3]. UNICEF India. (2021, August 9). Vaccine hesitancy: A major hurdle in India's fight against measles and rubella. unicef.org
[4]. Prabhu, S., & Das, S. (2020). Challenges and strategies for achieving measles and rubella elimination in India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 45(4), 429-433.
[5]. World Health Organization. (2023, January 24). Digital health: Strategies and best practices for countries. who.int
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