iosr-JCE   Volume-27 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. - Oct. 2025

Abstract: The old chess game that used to be viewed as one of the citadels of the human thought turned out to be a problem of the artificial intelligence (AI) growth and use. The present paper is a detailed account of AI history development, its technological history, and its most significant effect on celebrity chess. It traces back to the history of development of the first theoretical models and primitive software, the strength of the brute computing of the Deep.....

[1]. Campbell, M., Hoane, A. J., & Hsu, F. H. (2002). Deep Blue. Artificial Intelligence, 134(1-2), 57-83.
[2]. Hsu, F. H. (2002). Behind Deep Blue: Building The Computer That Defeated The World Chess Champion. Princeton University Press.
[3]. Knuth, D. E. (1975). An Analysis Of Alpha-Beta Pruning. In Artificial Intelligence (Pp. 293-326). North-Holland.
[4]. Knuth, D. E., & Moore, R. W. (1975). An Analysis Of Alpha-Beta Pruning. Artificial Intelligence, 6(4), 293-326.
[5]. Shannon, C. E. (1950). Xxii. Programming A Computer For Playing Chess. The London, Edinburgh, And Dublin Philosophical Magazine And Journal Of Science, 41(314), 256-275.

Abstract: Human life is inherently social and, therefore, the majority of the individual decisions are not made in a vacuum but they are made within a network where various choices are interdependent on each other. The formal study of strategic decision-making Game theory has a potent analytical power that can be utilized to analyze these interactions, but it has not been significantly applied to the low-stakes, everyday strategic choices that make up our daily lives. This gap has been filled in this paper whereby a systematic application of game-theoretic models has been used.....

[1]. Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution Of Cooperation. Basic Books.
[2]. Camerer, C. F. (2003). Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments In Strategic Interaction. Princeton University Press.
[3]. Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic Punishment In Humans. Nature, 415(6868), 137–140.
[4]. Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (1999). A Theory Of Fairness, Competition, And Cooperation. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 114(3), 817–868.
[5]. Gigerenzer, G., & Selten, R. (Eds.). (2002). Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox. MIT Press

Abstract: The small community libraries, though an important repository of local knowledge and local culture, tend to be severely strained in resources thereby not afforded the ability to apply modern digital technologies. This disparity is creating a digital divide between such institutions and larger, better endowed institutions and influencing the efficiency and involvement of patronage. This issue will be discussed in the paper by creating an elaborate conceptual model of an AI-based system, with a specific focus on the needs of small libraries. The proposed Community-Centric AI Library System (CAILS) integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automatically label the metadata....

[1]. Aabø, S., Audunson, R., & Vårheim, A. (2010). How Do Public Libraries Function As Meeting Places? Library & Information Science Research, 32(1), 16-26.
[2]. Antell, K., & Engel, D. (2006). Confounding The User: The Academic Library As A Difficult Place To Search. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 13(1), 81-101.
[3]. Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Journal Of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993-1022.
[4]. Borgman, C. L. (2015). Big Data, Little Data, No Data: Scholarship In The Networked World. MIT Press.
[5]. Burke, R. (2002). Hybrid Recommender Systems: Survey And Experiments. User Modeling And User-Adapted Interaction, 12(4), 331-370..

Abstract: Coding and computational thinking have become a worldwide concern in the K-12 education curriculum. The conventional teacher-led pedagogical designs, however, have difficulty supporting the varying learning speed, thought processes, and motivation levels of young learners who have to grapple with the sophisticated programming concepts in the Scratch, Python, and JavaScript languages. This places a very big difference between what the education aims and what the students achieve, with problems in debugging, declining interest, and failure.....

[1]. Anderson, J. R., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Pelletier, R. (1995). Cognitive Tutors: Lessons Learned. The Journal Of The Learning Sciences, 4(2), 167-207.
[2]. Baker, R. S. (2016). Stupid Tutoring Systems, Intelligent Humans. International Journal Of Artificial Intelligence In Education, 26(2), 600-614.
[3]. Carbonell, J. R. (1970). AI In CAI: An Artificial-Intelligence Approach To Computer-Assisted Instruction. IEEE Transactions On Man-Machine Systems, 11(4), 190-202.
[4]. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology Of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row.
[5]. Johnson, W. L., & Soloway, E. (1985). PROUST: An Automatic Debugger For Pascal Programs.27 Byte, 10(4), 179-190.

Abstract: The spread of digital technologies has unintentionally increased the digital divide gap leaving underserved communities increasingly marginalized in the increasingly connected world. The paper is based on the hypothesis that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a disruptive solution to this gap by designing and deploying AI-based digital literacy platforms. We refer to such platforms as Phoenix Engines, and conceptualize that ecosystem as dynamic and adaptive, culturally resonant. This study examines the complex aspects of these platforms, including the pedagogical....

[1]. American Library Association's Digital Literacy Task Force. (2013). Digital Literacy, Libraries, And Public Policy. Retrieved From Https://Alair.Ala.Org/Handle/11213/1484
[2]. Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A Framework For Developing And Understanding Digital Competence In Europe. European Commission. Gilster, P. (1997). Digital Literacy. Wiley.
[3]. Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-Level Digital Divide: Differences In People's Online Skills. First Monday, 7(4).
[4]. National Telecommunications And Information Administration. (1995). Falling Through The Net: A Survey Of The "Have Nots" In Rural And Urban America.
[5]. O'Neil, C. (2016). Weapons Of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality And Threatens Democracy. Crown.

Abstract: Human-AI interaction is a rapidly evolving field exploring how artificial intelligence systems communicate and engage with humans in ways that are intuitive, effective, and emotionally responsive.

Key Word: Machine consciousness, Human-AI interaction and AI behaviour

[1]. •Singh, Savita. "Asking For Empathy In Technology." International Journal Of Science, Engineering And Technology, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2024. This Article Explores The Relationship Between Empathy And Technology, Discussing How Machines Can Detect And Respond To Human Emotions And The Challenges In Fostering Empathy Through Digital Communication.
[2]. •Cornelli, Francesca (Kellogg Dean, Northwestern University). Commentary On The Necessity Of Empathy As A Bridge Between Science And Business, Emphasizing The Role Of Understanding Different Perspectives To Solve Complex Problems Through Technology And Communication. Https://Www.Kellogg.Northwestern.Edu/Faculty/Directory/Cornelli_Francesca/
[3]. •Source: Mercor Model Training Interview, General Interview, And Finance Interview. AI Based Company

Abstract: Over the past decade, RESTful APIs have become one of the most widely used methods for connecting applications and services. They are now an essential part of mobile apps, web platforms, cloud services, and even IoT devices. This popularity comes from their simplicity, flexibility, and ability to work across many different systems and programming languages. However, as RESTful APIs have become more common, they have also attracted more attention from attackers. API endpoints often handle sensitive data, manage authentication, and control key business functions, which makes them high-value targets for exploitation. Despite the clear need for strong protection, securing RESTful APIs remains a difficult task. One challenge is the lack of a single, universal standard for API...

[1] Badhwar, R., 2021. Intro To API Security-Issues And Some Solutions!. In The CISO’s Next Frontier: AI, Post-Quantum Cryptography And Advanced Security Paradigms (Pp. 239-244). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
[2] Pardal, M.L., Offensive Security Assessment Of A REST API For A Location Proof System.
[3] Ehsan, A., Abuhaliqa, M.A.M., Catal, C. And Mishra, D., 2022. Restful API Testing Methodologies: Rationale, Challenges, And Solution Directions. Applied Sciences, 12(9), P.4369.
[4] Mylläri, E., 2022. Introducing REST Based API Management And Its Relationship To Existing SOAP Based Systems.
[5] Bhateja, N., Sikka, S. And Malhotra, A., 2021. A Review Of Sql Injection Attack And Various Detection Approaches. Smart And Sustainable Intelligent Systems, Pp.481-489

Abstract: Blockchain, or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), is an immutable digital ledger system implemented in a distributed fashion without a central repository or authority, gaining significant traction across various industries, including finance, healthcare, and IoT. While the technology offers reliable and expedient services, the security and privacy issues and challenges remain a critical concern. This paper focused on introducing blockchain technology, its models (Public and Private), its working mechanism, and its architecture. Blockchain records cryptographically....

Keywords: Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Cryptographically Signed Transactions, Ethereum, Bitcoin.

[1] Alex. R. Mathew “Cyber Security Through Blockchain Technology” International Journal Of Engineering And Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-1, October 2019
[2] Egelund-Müller, B., Elsman, M., Henglein, F., & Ross, O. (2017). Automated Execution Of Financial Contracts On Blockchains. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(6), 457–467.
[3] Gervais, A., Karame, G. O., Wüst, K., Glykantzis, V., Ritzdorf, H., & Capkun, S. (2016). On The Security And Performance Of Proof Of Work Blockchains. In Proceedings Of The 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference On Computer And Communications Security (CCS). Vienna, Austria.
[4] Goldfeder, S., Kalodner, H., Reisman, D., & Narayanan, A. (2018). When The Cookie Meets The Blockchain: Privacy Risks Of Web Payments Via Cryptocurrencies. Proceedings On Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2018(4), 179–199 [5] Hyvärinen, H., Risius, M., & Friis,
[5] G. (2017). A Blockchain-Based Approach Towards Overcoming Financial Fraud In Public Sector Services. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(6), 441–456.

Abstract: For Non-Technical Machining (NTM) processes, we present a combined static and adaptive optimization framework. It merges real-time adaptation with multi-objective parameter selection. In Phase 1, we identify Pareto-optimal machining parameters that balance surface quality, material removal rate, energy use, and tool wear. We achieve this using surrogate models built with Scikit-learn and neural optimizers created in TensorFlow. Phase 2 adjusts parameters based on tool wear and process variability through online learning and continuous learning techniques....

Keywords: Non-Technical Machining; Multi-Objective Optimization; Adaptive Learning; Scikit-learn; TensorFlow; Static–Adaptive Framework; Pareto Optimization; Surrogate Modeling; Neural Surrogate Optimization; Process Parameter Tuning; Real-Time Adaptation; Tool Wear Prediction; Industrial Process Optimization; Machine Learning in Manufacturing

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[2]. Study H. Y. Chen And C. C. Hwang, “Multi-Objective Optimization Of Wedm Process Parameters,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., Vol. 72, Pp. 1285–1298, 2014.
[3]. R. S. Rao, “Ann-Based Modeling Of Ecm Processes,” J. Manuf. Process., Vol. 34, Pp. 245–255, 2018.
[4]. A. Paul And R. Choudhary, “Hybrid Optimization For Machining Parameter Selection,” Procedia Manuf., Vol. 26, Pp. 841–852, 2018.
[5]. K. Deb, “Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms,” John Wiley & Sons, 2001

Abstract: The paper will discuss the revolutionary importance of blockchain technology in remaking the international financial arena, with specific reference to the influence of blockchain technology on the development of digital currencies. A decentralized, immutable distributed registry system, blockchain, is the basis of transparency, security, and trustless verification that forms the foundation of the current infrastructure of digital currency. The study examines the use of the major applications such as Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), Decentralized Finance (DeFi), cross-border payment systems, and asset tokenization through a review of recent literature. As noted in....

Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Digital Currencies, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Tokenization.

[1]. Abdallah-Ou-Moussa, S., Wynn, M., & Kharbouch, O. (2025). Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies, And Decentralized Finance: A Case Study Of Financial Inclusion In Morocco. International Journal Of Financial Studies, 13(3), 124.
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijfs13030124
[2]. Alamsyah, A., Kusuma, G. N. W., & Ramadhani, D. P. (2024). A Review On Decentralized Finance Ecosystems. Future Internet, 16(3), 76. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Fi16030076
[3]. Albshaier, L., Almarri, S., & Hafizur Rahman, M. M. (2024). A Review Of Blockchain’s Role In E-Commerce Transactions: Open Challenges, And Future Research Directions. Computers, 13(27). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Computers13010027
[4]. Ali, R., Barrdear, J., Clews, R., & Southgate, J. (2021). Innovations In Payment Systems And The Emergence Of Digital Currencies. Bank Of England Quarterly Bulletin.
[5]. Bhumichai, D., Smiliotopoulos, C., Benton, R., Kambourakis, G., & Damopoulos, D. (2024). The Convergence Of Artificial Intelligence And Blockchain: The State Of Play And The Road Ahead. Information, 15(268). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Info15050268.