IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4 ~ APRIL-2015

ABSTRACT: In the present study estrus synchronization was carried out by using indigenously developed vaginal speculum and intra vaginal sponge (IVS) impregnated with four different concentrations of progesterone followed by administration of PMSG. A total of twenty four (24) numbers of normal cyclic adult non pregnant female goats were selected for the study. The animals were divided into four groups with six (6) animals in each group where control group A0 received 0 mg and the three treatment groups A1, A2 and A3 received 100mg, 200 mg and 300 mg of progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponge respectively and kept in situ for fourteen (14) days. Then it was followed by administration of 200 IU of PMSG intramuscularly on the day of IVS removal. All the experimental animals including animals of the control group were closely observed for the occurrence of estrus by using a vasectomised buck to move around the animals round the clock. Estrus was detected on the basis of behavioral and physical signs viz., mucous discharge from the vagina, wagging of tail, frequent urination etc. First acceptance of the male by the female was considered as the onset of estrus and the rejection of the male by the female was considered as the end of estrus.

Keywords: Estrus, IVS, PMSG, goat.

[1]. V.P. Maurya, S.M.K. Naqvi, S. Kumar, D. Kumar, A. Joshi and R. Gulyani, Comparative assessment of sexual behaviour and ovulation rate in prolific and non prolific sheep reared under semi arid tropical climate, Indian J. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 78(8), (2008), 805-807.
[2]. A.D. Patil, B.P. Kurhe, K.R. Phalak and R.L. Dhoble, Synchronization of oestrus in Osmanabadi goats, Indian J. Anim. Reprod., 25(2), (2004), 136-137.
[3]. P. Senthilkumar, R.C. Rajasundaran, M. Selvaraju and D. Kathiresan, Superovulatory response and quality of embryos in ovine FSH and PMSG treated Tellicherry goats, Indian J. Anim. Repod., 19(1), (1998), 4-6.
[4]. A.K. Zonturlu, F. Aral, N. Ozyurtler and U. Yavuzer, Synchronization of oestrus using FGA and CIDR intravaginal pessaries during the transition period in Awassi ewes, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7 (9), (2008), 1093-1096.

ABSTRACT: Cross Sectional Study on Gastrointestinal and Haemoparasites of Trade cattle was carried out to determine the prevalence and types of parasites involved, which causes reduction in the productivity of animals trekked from the neighbouring countries into Adamawa state, Nigeria.One hundred of each fecal and whole blood samples were collected and parasitologically examined. Of the One hundred feces examined, 100% infection rates was recorded, Out of this 47.0% of the Class nematodes and the least was the trematodes26.0%.There was no (p>0.05) statistical significance difference. The White fulani breeds had the highest prevalence of 41.0% and the least was Sokotogudali (10.0%) and wasstatistically insignificant (p>0.05).Age and Sex revealed a high prevalence (51.5%)among those with 3-4.5years and males with a significant differences (p<0.05).The haemoparasitic investigations revealed a high prevalence of Babesia bigemina (48.2%) and the least was Anaplasma centrale (7.1%).There was no(p>0.05) significant differences.

[1]. Fakae, B.B. and Chiejina, S.N. The Prevalence and Concurrent Trypanosomes and gastrointestinal nematode infections in West African Dwarf sheep and goats in Nsukka area of Eastern Nigeria. Veterinary Parasitology,49, 1993,313-318.
[2]. Anene, B. M., Onyekwodiri, E.O., Chime, A.B. and Anika, S.M.Gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats of Southeastern, Nigeria. Small Ruminant Research, 13, 1994a, 187-192.
[3]. Anene, B.M., Onyekwodiri, E.O., Chime, A.B., and Anika, S.M. A Survey of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of South eastern, Nigeria. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 20, 1994b, 297-306.
[4]. Aliyara, H.Y., Nwosu, C.O., and Ardo, M.B. Prevalence and Seasonal changes on gastrointestinal helminths of Nigerian cattle. Veterinary Research, 5(3), 2012, 46-49.
[5]. Pam, V.A.,Ogbu, K.I., Igeh, C.P., Bot,C.J. and Vincent, G.The Occurrence of Gastrointestinal and Hemoparasites of Cattle in Jos Plateau state , Nigeria. Journal of animal science Advances, 3(2), 2013, 97-102.
[6]. Jambil,I.D.S. and Sabo, A.I. Environmental and Public health Perspective of the Prevalence of Intestinal helminths infection of Cattle in Gubi and Galambi ranches in Bauchi, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ,3(6),2013.
[7]. Biu, A.A., Maimunatu, A., Salamatu, A.F. and Agbadu, E.T.A fecalsurvey of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminantsinthe University of Maiduguri Research farm. International Journal of Biomedical and Health sciences, 5(4), 2009.

ABSTRACT: Radio is still the most popular and most accessible information communication technology medium in developing Countries and an important extension tool that can be used in sharing agricultural information with farmers in rural areas inexpensively. The use of vernacular in radio broadcasts makes programmes more acceptable to farmers and has been used to supplement public extension. However, the role of private vernacular radio stations in disseminating agricultural messages required by small-scale farmers in Kericho West Sub-County is not well understood or documented and the study sought to address this. A Cross-Sectional Survey research design was used to collect data from a sample of 152 rural households and three private vernacular radio stations. An interview schedule was used for data collection. Piloting was done in Buret Sub-County to determine the reliability of the tool. The null hypothesis was tested using Chi-square at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the most required agricultural messages were not necessarily the most accessed messages from the private vernacular radio. However as the messages required by small-scale farmers increased, access to the messages disseminated also increased. The more the messages that small-scale farmers required, the more they had access to from the private vernacular radio. Therefore, focus should be on the relevance rather than the number of agricultural messages disseminated.
Keywords: Small-scale farmers, household, agricultural messages, radio.

[1]. Abubakar, B. Z., Ango, A. K. & Buhari, U. (2009). The Roles of Mass Media in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State: A Case Study of State Fadama II Development Project. Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol. 13 (2) December 2009. Page 49.
[2]. Achugbue, E. I. & Anie, S. O. (2011). ICTs and Information Needs of Rural Female Farmers in Delta State, Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). pp 448. Page 67 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/448 Retrieved on 17/9/2012.
[3]. Alex, G. (2002). Agricultural Extension Investments: Future Options for Rural Development. The World Bank. Washington, DC.
[4]. Ango, A., Illo, A., Abdullahi, A. & Amina A. (2013). Role of Farm-Radio Agricultural Programmes in Disseminating Agricultural Technology to Rural Farmers for Agricultural Development in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural

ABSTRACT: The study temporal variation of rainfall occurrence: The effect on tuber crop production in Niger Delta, South-South Nigeria. Show the relationship between rainfall and tuber crop production. The study among other things reveals that annual rainfall has an insignificant effect on tuber crop production in the study area, where the amount of rainfall always exceeds the crop water requirement. It was observe that short storm of few months may influence the total annual rainfall .This storm could even miss the target (the planting season). It also show that rainfall parameters like onset, cessation and duration of rainfall is vital to production of the crops under review. A delay in onset of rainfall means a shift in farming calendar. Changing climate will certainly affect the production of the tuber crops negatively. A changing climate will usher increase rainfall which is inimical to the crops . Excessive water in the soil damages tuber crops.

Keywords: Climatic variable, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Rainfall variation, Tuber crops.

1]. Adejuwon, S.A. (2005). Food Crop Production in Nigeria: presents Effects of climate variability. Climate Research Inter. Research,
Germany.
[2]. Agbola, S. (1979).An Agriculture Atlas of Nigeria Oxford University Press. UK.
[3]. Alexander, B.C. (2012). Climate change – A case study of Port Harcourt City Rainfall Pattern.Jour.Of Soc. S. and Development. Vol.
1(3) 54 – 60.
[4]. Ayetomobi, J. and Abiodun (2010).The Effect of Climate Variability on Crop Production in Western State of Nigeria. Natural
Science Journal, Vol 3. No. 21 Pp.213 – 221.

ABSTRACT: A study on the standardization of "bottle gourd basundi" was carried out by using Cow milk and bottle gourd pulp. Milk was standardized to4 % fat and 9% SNF. The attempts have been made to study the effect of different levels of bottle gourd pulp (5,10 and 15% w/w of condensed milk) and sugar at rate of 10 per cent common all treatment combination concentration on sensorial and chemical quality of bottle gourd basundi. The results have indicated that the product prepared with 10% bottle gourd pulp level and 10 percent sugar level had optimum colour and apperance,thickness, swwetness and flavour hence scored highest among all the treatments. Keyword: Basundi, Cow milk, Khoa, Bottle gourd, Chemical and Sensory parameters ..

[1]. AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis, 11th edition. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D.C., 2005.
[2]. De, S,. Prepration of Basundi. 1st Edn. Published by Oxfard Publication,New Delhi,1980: 352.
[3]. Gaikwad,S.M and Hembade,A.S, Standardization and production of traditional Indian milk product "Ujani basundi‟ from Buffalo milk. International J. Live.Prod. 2(8):2011, 129-133,
[4]. Gupta,S.K, Sensory evaluation in food industry. Indian Dairyman, 28 (8): 1976, 293- 295.
[5]. ISI. Handbook of Food Analysis for dairy products. Part XI. Dairy Products, Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1980, 120-184.
[6]. Pagote C.N, Basundi- A Traditional Delicious Milk Product. Beverage and Food World, 30(6), 2003,29
[7]. Panse, V.G. and Sukhatma, P.V .Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR Publication, New Delhi, 1967.

ABSTRACT: Burfi is a popular khoa based confection and its contains considerable amount of milk solids. The manufacture of value added products by using vegetable like elephant foot yam. The present investigation shows that, the overall acceptability of the elephant foot yam pulp burfi prepared with 10 percent elephant foot yam pulp in treatment T2 (23.65 )was highest and superior. Treatment T2 was more acceptable than all treatments in concerns with colour& appearance, body & texture, flavour, sweetness and overall acceptability. The chemical composition of burfi was affected due to addition of elephant foot yam pulp to the moisture, fat, protein and ash.

Keyword: Burfi, Buffalo milk, Khoa, Elephant foot yam, Chemical and Sensory parameters .

[1]. Anonymous, Laboratory manual. Methods of analysis of moisture in milk and milk products. Milk Industry foundation, Washington,1959.
[2]. De, S,. Prepration of Burfi. 1st Edn. Published by Oxfard Publication,New Delhi,1980: 342.
[3]. Waghmare.V.K, Utilization of Bottle Gourd Pulp in Prepration of Burfi, Mastoral diss MKV, Parbhani, 2012.
[4]. Gupta,S.K, Sensory evaluation in food industry. Indian Dairyman, 28 (8): 1976, 293- 295.
[5]. IS:1224,.Determination of fat by Gerber's method (part-II) Indian Standard Institutuion, Manak Bhavan, New Delhi,1977.
[6]. ISI .Hand book of food analysis. Dairy Product. XI Indian Standard Institution., Manak Bhavan, New Delhi,1981.
[7]. Panse, V.G. and Sukhatma, P.V .Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR Publication, New Delhi, 1967.

ABSTRACT: The continuous decline in the quality of available surface water resources due to increasing global pollution threats, put pressure on the need for suitability assessment of groundwater resources for drinking and irrigation purposes at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal College of Horticulture Dadin Kowa, Gombe State. Twelve groundwater samples were collected and Standard methods for physicochemical determinations were employed. Results showed the pH range of 6.5 - 7.5, calcium 0.98 - 1.86 mg/L, magnesium 0.64 - 1.23 mg/L, potassium 0.36 - 1.45 mg/L, sodium 0.02 - 1.01 mg/L, bicarbonate 0.98 - 1.86 mg/L, chloride 0.64 - 1.36 mg/L, iron 0.14 - 0.42 mg/L, Nitrate 16.1 - 42.2 mg/L, sulphate 33.1 - 81.3 mg/L. The ionic dominance for the major cations and the anions respectively were in these order; Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ and SO42- > NO3- > HCO3- > Cl- . Most of the samples analyzed were within the recommended limits set by NWQS (2007) for drinking water. Various determinations such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage, (SSP), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) and Permeability Index (PI) were found to be within the safe limits and thus largely suitable for irrigation purposes.

Keywords: Aquifers, drinking, irrigation, groundwater quality.

[1]. K Ramesh, V Soorya, Hydro chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in and around Hosur, Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 2(3), 2012,113-122.
[2]. PN Rajankar, SR Gulhane, DH Tambekar, DS Ramteke, SR Wate, "Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Nagpur Region (India) Based on WQI," E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(3), 2009, 905-908. doi:10.1155/2009/971242
[3]. CAJ Appelo, D Postma, Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, 2nd ed. Balkema AA. ed. Rotterdam, 2005.
[4]. AA Olajire, FE Imeokparia, Water quality assessment of Osun River: Studies on inorganic nutrients. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 69(1), 2001, 17-28.
[5]. KN Kim, HJ Rajmohan, GS Kim Hwang, MJ Cho, Assessment of groundwater chemistry in a coastal region (Kunsan, Korea) having complex contaminant sources: A stoichiometric approach. Environmental Geology, 46, 2004, 763-774.
[6]. M Jalali, Nitrates leaching from agricultural land in Hamadan, western Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 110, 2005a, 210-218.
[7]. CS Srinivasamoorthy, RM Vijayaraghavan, Hydro geochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Salem District of Tamil Nadu, Indian Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 1(2), 2009, 22-33.

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to record the histoenzymic changes in the skin of dog infested with different ectoparasites. Infested tissue sections were treated with specific substrates for Succinate (SDH), Cytochrome Oxidase (CYO), Acid Phosphatase (ACPase) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AKPase) to record the histoenzymic reactivity in the skin of naturally infested dogs with Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalides canis and Trichodectes canis. Variable enzymatic reactions could be recorded in the infested skin (dermis and epidermis) of dog viz., weak in epidermis and strong to intense in dermis for SDH, weak in epidermis and weak to moderate in dermis for CYO and intense in epidermis but weak to moderate in dermis for AKPase, moderate to strong in epidermis for ACPase. The changes were discussed in the study.

Key words: Histoenzymic changes, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalides canis, Trichodectes canis.

[1]. Dakshinkar, N.P. et al. (1998) Indian Vet. Med. J. 22:321-322.
[2]. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th ed BailliereTindall. 809pp.
[3]. Chayen, J. et al. (1973) Practical Histochemistry. John Wiley and Sons. London. Pp.99-213.
[4]. Pearse, A.G.E. (1985). Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied. 4th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London. Res. 31: 1245-1254.
[5]. Culling, C.F.A. (1987). Hand book of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques. 3rd Edition. Pp. 319-347.
[6]. Das, G. (2013) Studies on Ectoparasites of Dog with special reference to Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille,1806). M.V.Sc. Thesis submitted to Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati- 22.
[7]. Sheahan, B.J. et al. (1970) Amar. J. Vet. Res. 31: 1245-1254.

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out on an adult common palm male Civet, which died due to an accident. Probably it is the most common civet in India and vulnerable .They had un-patterned throat & neck and its body colour varies from a rich cream to brownish-black or even jet black. The different phenotypic morphological parameters like body length, neck girth, abdominal girth, heart girth, hip to digit length, length of paw of forelimb and hind limb, length of Manus and Pes etc were taken. The neck girth, abdominal girth, heart girth were 26cm, 33cm and 34.5cm, respectively and the body length of the animal was 67 cm. Phenotypically, Common Palm Civet has dark spots coalesce into stripes on the sides. It has three longitudinal stripes on its back.

Key words: Phenotype, Morphometry, Common Palm Civet.

[1]. Duckworth, J. W., Widmann P., Custodio, C., Gonzalez, J.C., Jennings, A., Veron, G. "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1.2008.

[2]. Shepherd, C."Observations of small carnivores in Jakarta wildlife markets, Indonesia, with notes on trade in Javan Ferret Badger Melogale orientalis and on the increasing demand for Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus for civet coffee production". Small Carnivore Conservation.47, 2012, 38–41.
[3]. Menon, V.A field guide to Indian mammals. Dorling Kindersley, India.2003, 106.
[4]. Wozencraft, W. C. "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.2005, 532–628.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the carcass and some hematological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing Fermented Groundnut Husk (FGH) as a replacement for wheat offal. Ninety-six one-day-old chicks Abor-acre strain were randomly divided into four groups of 24 birds each and replicated three times with 8 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. The study lasted for 8 weeks. Diet one was the control with (0% FGH), diets 2, 3 and 4 had (10 % FGH, 20% FGH and 30%FGH), respectively. At the end of the eight weeks, birds were slaughtered and weights of carcass primal cuts and organs parts were measured. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of thee birds per treatment for hematological indices. The carcass measurements showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the treatment means with the exception of wings, breast, drumsticks and chest. The live weight of birds fed 20% FGH (1.90kg/b) and 30% FGH (2.55kg/b) were better (p<0.05) than those on 0% FGH (1.80kg/b) and 10% FGH (1.65kg/b). Also there was no significant difference among hematological parameters measured across the treatments. The results suggest that FGH up to 30% could improve carcass yield and maintain normal hematological indices of broiler chickens.

Keywords: Broiler chickens, Fermented groundnut husk, Semi-Arid Area, wheat offal

[1]. Oluyemi, J. A. and Roberts, F. A. 2000. Poultry production in Warm Wet Climate. 2nd ed. Spectrum Books ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria
[2]. Apantaku, S. O., Apantaku, F. S. and Oyesola, O. B. 1998. Rural poultry farmers, use of Electronic Mass Media Level of productivity in Egbeda, Nigeria. Nigeria processing of silviculture Anivesary conference of the NASAP and the inaugural conference of the WASAP Abeokuta, Nigeria pp. 526- 527.
[3]. Nworgu, F. C. 2007. Economic importance and growth rate of Broiler chickens served fluted pumpkin leavesextract.Africa Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 6 (2): 22-34.
[4]. Fetuga, B. L. and Tewe, O. O. 1985. Potentials of Agro industrial By-products and crop residues as Animal feeds Nigeria food Journal 2 (2): 136-141.
[5]. Teguin, A. 1995. Substituting ground mango kernels (Magniferal indica L.) for maize in broiler starter diets.Anim. Feed Sci. Technol; 56: 155-158.
[6]. Fanimo, A. O., Mudama, E., Umukoro, T. O. and Oduguwa, O. O. 1996. Substitution of shrimp waste meal for fish in broiler chicken ration. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad). Vol 73 (3): 201-205.
[7]. Odunsi, A. A., Sobamiwal, O. and Longe, O. G. 1999. Comperative utilization of alkali-treated and untreated cocoa bean cake in diets of egg-type chickens. Tropical Journal of Animal Science. 2 (1): 63-
68.

ABSTRACT: The study examined analysis of poultry (layers) enterprises in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Fifty four farmers were purposively selected in the area for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budget model and multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that 55.56% of the respondents were within the age bracket of 31 – 41 years with an average age of 40 years. The results further show that 68.52% of the respondents were male with an average family size of 9 persons. Similarly, majority (81.48%) of the respondents have acquired tertiary education and operating on average flock size of 6,465 chickens. Also the results indicate that the net income and return per naira Invested (RNI) were N18, 400,848.60 and N0.62, respectively per production season. The operating, fixed and gross ratios were 0.47, 0.15 and 0.62 respectively.

[1]. Abubakar, H. (2002). Economics Analysis Of Egg Production In BirniGwari, Jama'a And Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics And Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
[2]. Amos, T. T, (2006). Analysis of Backyard Poultry Production in Ondo State, Nigeria: International. Journal poultry. Science5(3):247–250.

ABSTRACT: The efficiency of three oocyte collection methods from goat ovaries was assessed. Oocytes were collected by aspiration (n=165), slicing (n=213) and puncture (n=172). The mean yield of oocytes per ovary was found to be 3.93 ± 0.11, 4.44 ± 0.06 and 3.59 ± 0.07 by aspiration, slicing and puncture respectively. Slicing yielded significantly higher number of oocytes per ovary. Percentage yield of culturable quality oocytes (A, B and C) by different retrieval methods were 78.18, 76.05 and 81.39 respectively by aspiration, slicing and puncture. It was found that puncture technique yielded significantly higher culturable quality oocytes than aspiration and slicing.

Keywords: goat, oocyte, aspiration, slicing, puncture

[1]. Pawshe, C. H., Totey, S. M. and Jain, S. K. 1994. A comparison of three methods of recovery of goat oocytes for in vitro maturation and fertilization. Theriogenology. 42:117-125
[2]. Das, G. K., Jain, G. C., Solanki, V. S. and Tripathi, V. N. 1996. Efficacy of various collection methods for oocyte retrieval in buffalo. Theriogenology. 46: 1403-1411
[3]. Chauhan, M. S. and Anand, S. R. 1991. In vitro maturation and fertilization of goat oocytes. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 29:105-110
[4]. Binoy, V. S. 2009. In vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes using fresh, frozen and epididymal spermatozoa. M.V.Sc. thesis. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, p.122
[5]. Vijayakumaran, V. 1995. Effect of follicular size on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes. Ph.D thesis, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madras, p. 185
[6]. Martino, A., Palomo, M. J., Mogas, T. and Paramio, M. T. 1994. Influence of the collection technique of prepubertal goat oocytes on in vitro maturation and fertilization. Theriogenology. 42:859-873