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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Zai Pits System: A Catalyst for Restoration in the Dry Lands |
Country | : | NIGERIA |
Authors | : | M.N. Danjuma || S. Mohammed |
ABSTRACT: Historic climatic data have shown that the dry lands are characterised by low and erratic rainfall which is often insufficient for any purpose. Together with some human influences, such as deforestation, over-grazing and intensive cropping, these have seriously affected the ecological equilibrium, resulting in the degradation of natural soil and vegetation resources and a decline in biological productivity in the dry lands of the world. Despite all challenges, some significant improvements were recorded and areas manage to thrive courtesy of the ingenuity of indigenous techniques which are often considered 'harmful' to the environment.
[1]. Abdo, M. (2014). Practices, techniques and technologies for restoring degraded landscapes inthe Sahel. African Forest Forum, Working Paper Series, Vol. (2)3.
[2]. Amede, T., Tarawali, S, and Peden, D. (2011). Zai improves nutrient and water productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. (Special Issue: Improving water productivity of crop-livestock systems in drought-prone regions.) Experimental Agriculture; 2011 47 (Suppl. 1): 7-20
[3]. Barro, A., Zougmore,´ R., and Taonda, S.J.B. (2005) Me´canisation de la technique du zaı¨ manuel en zone semi-arid. Cah Agric 14:549-559
[4]. Critchley W, Reij C, and Willcocks T. (1994).Indigenous soil and water conservation. A review of the state of the knowledge and prospects for building on tradition. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation 5: 293-314.
[5]. GIZ (2012).Good Practices in Soil and Water Conservation. A contribution to adaptation and farmers´ resilience towards climate change in the Sahel.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Determination And Evaluation Of The Effect Of Different Doses Of Humic Acid On The Growth And Yield Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) |
Country | : | Pakistan |
Authors | : | Ghulam Rasool || Anwar Javaid Wahla || Muhammad Nawaz || MomnaAbdurRehman |
ABSTRACT: For the determination of effect of different doses of humic acid on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)) crop an experiment was carried out at adaptive research farm Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan during the Rabi season of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The experiment was conducted in simple randomized complete block design (RCBD) and repeated thrice. The plot has an area of 21 ft*34 ft during 2011-2012 and 22 ft*32 ft during 2012-2013. The row to row distance was 22.5 cm and seed rate 100 kg per hectare. Humic acid was applied at time of sowing @10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg and 25 kg per hectare. . The wheat crop (cv. Faisalabad- 2008) was drilled on 3 December during 2011-2012 and on 8 November during 2012-2013. The NPK fertilizer was used at the rate of 60-120-67 kg NPK per hectare (recommended). Higher number of productive tillers m-2 (260), 1000-grain wt. (35.6 g) and grain yield (3233 kg ha-1) with humic acid @ 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1 as compare to 205, 33.5 g and 2433 kg ha-1 with 0 kg humic acid ha-1 respectively during the 2011-2012 year. Similarly no. of productive tillers m-2 (230), 1000-grain wt. (33.5) and grain yield (3300 kg ha-1) with humic acid @ 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1 as compare to 202, 32.1g and 2750 kg ha-1 with 0 kg humic acid respectively during the 2012-2013 year. As the results showed, it is recommended that humic acid may be applied @ 25 kg ha-1for obtaining higher yield in wheat in the agro-climatic conditions of Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords: grain yield,humicAcid, NPK fertilizer, productive tillers,wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),
[1]. GRAiken,D M.McKnight, R L.Wershaw, and P. MacCarthy. Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water. Wiley-Interscience, 1985, New York.
[2]. Anon, Agriculturestatistics of Pakistan. Govt. of Pak., MINFAL (economic wing), Islamabad, 2012.
[3]. I Doran, C. Akinci, and M. Yildirim, Effects of delta humate applied with different doses and methods on yield and yield components of DIYARBAKIR-81 wheat cultivar. 5th Field Crops Congress. Diyarbakir. Turkey. (inTurkish with English abstracts) 2, 2003, 530-534.
[4]. MTSaleem, N. Ahmad, and J C. Davide, Fertilizers and their use in Pakistan. NFDC. Planning and development division; govt. of Pak. 1986, P. 26.
[5]. MSchnitzer, Significance of soil organic matter in soil formation, transport processes in soils and in the formation of soil structure. Soil Utilization and Soil Fertility. Volume 4, Humus Budget, 206, 1992,63–81.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effect of Leukemia Inhibiton Factor (LIF) On In Vitro Maturation and Fertilization of Matured Cattle Oocytes |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | K M Thara |
ABSTRACT: Effect of Leukemia Inhibition factor (LIF) on in vitro maturation and fertilization of matured cattle oocytes were tested using frozen thawed semen. Oocytes collected from ovaries of slaughtered cattles were matured at in vitro conditions and fertilized with frozen thawed semen in the fertilization medium with different LIF concentrations Maturation rate and Fertilization rate for five different bulls was determined. A maximum maturation rate was observed at a LIF concentration of 20 μg/mL while the maximum fertilization rate obtained was also at a LIF concentration of 10 μg/ML.
Keywords: cattle, in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, LIF oocytes.
[1]. Choi T S, Mori M, Kohmoto K & Shoda Y, Beneficial effect of serum on the fertilizability of mouse oocyte matured in vitro, J Reprod Fertil, 79 (1987) 565-568.
[2]. Cheng W T K, Moor R M & Polge C, In vitro fertilization ofpig and sheep oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro, Theriogenology, 25 (1986) 25-46.
[3]. Chang M C, Fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro, Nature(Lond), 23 (1959) 466-467.
[4]. Totey S M, Singh G & Talwar G P, In vitro maturation,fertilizaton and development of buffalo oocytes: Effect of media, hormone and sera, Theriogenology, 39 (1992) 597-607.
[5]. Ball G B, Leibfried M L, Lenz R W, Ax R L, Bavister B B &First N L, Factors affecting successful IVF of bovinefollicular oocytes, Biol Reprod, 28 (1983) 717-725.
[6]. Parrish J J, Susko-Parrish J L & First N L, In vitro fertilization ofbovine oocytes using heparin treated and swim up separated
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Analysis of Coping Mechanisms against Food Shortage Adopted By Households Farm Families in Gusii Highlands, Kenya |
Country | : | Kenya |
Authors | : | Samson M. Makone || Evans A. Basweti || Dickson Menge || Elias M. Mang'ana |
ABSTRACT: The impact of food shortage among the households can be minimized post its occurrence through coping mechanisms. Coping mechanism are how well household farm families adapt to the threats of food shortages. The aim of this study was to establish coping mechanism used against food shortage among household farm families in Gusii highlands. A simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample of 246 respondents from a household population of 10,818 farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which was subjected to Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (Version 20) for analysis. The findings revealed that 57.3% of the respondents were male while 42.7% were female. 73.2% of the respondents were married, followed by the single at 15.4%, the widow/widower and divorced/separated were represented by 9.8% and 0.4% respectively. Majority of the respondents had an age between 36 years to 55 years which translated to 48.0%, followed by youth of age between 18 years to 35 years translated to 30.0%, over 56 years of age were represented by 22%. The average age of the farming population was found to be 42 years.
[1]. FAO. (2008). World Food Crisis. New York: United Nations.
[2]. Grebmer, K., Ruel M., Oppeln C. et al. (2010). Global Hunger Index: The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on the Crisis of Child Undernutrition. Bonn, Washington DC & Dublin: Welt Hunger Hilfe, IFPRI & Concern Worldwide.
[3]. Icheria Beatrice Kabui (2012). Household food insecurity and coping strategies among small scale farmers in Tharaka Central division, Kenya. Unpublished MSc. Thesis.
[4]. Maxwell, D. & Caldwell, R. (2008). The Coping Strategies Index Field Methods Manual (2nd Ed). Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere Inc. Care USA.
[5]. Mjonono, M., Ngidi, M. & Hendriks, S. (2009). Investigating Household Food Insecurity Coping Strategies and the Impact of Crop Production on Food Security Using Coping Strategy Index (CSI). Elsenburg 7607 & Scottsville 3209: Western Cape Department of Agriculture & African Centre for Food Security.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Seroprevalence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Breeding Bulls of Assam |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | S. Sarmah || G.Mahato || K. Sharma || P. Sharma || S. George |
ABSTRACT: Prevalence of IBR in breeding bulls of Assam was 15.68%. Bulls between the age group of 3-4 years were having the highest prevalence (9.80%) and lowest (1.96%) above 4 years of age. Breed wise, the prevalence rate was highest in Holstein Friesian (9.80%) and lowest in Jersey Cross breed (1.96%).
Keywords: Seroprevalence, IBR, Breeding bull, Assam.
[1]. Deka, D., Ramneek, M. N. K. and Oberoi, M. S., Detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in breeding bull semen by vius isolation and polymerase chain reaction. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 24, 2005, 1085-1094.
[2]. Rajesh, J. B.,Tresamol, P. V. and Saseendranath, M. R., Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle population of Kerala. Indian Veterinary Journal, 80, 2003, 393-396.
[3]. Renukaradhya, G.J., Rajasekhar, M. and Raghavan, R., Prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Southern India. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 15, 1996, 1021-1028.
[4]. Herring, A.J., Nettleton, P.F. and Bursells, C., A micro-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to IBR virus. Veterinary Record, 107, 1980, 155-156.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Isolation and Identification of Cryptosporidium Spp. From Raw Meat Samples Sold In Open Markets of the City of Kolkata. |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Keshab Prasad Sharma || U.K.Chattopadhyay |
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was undertaken to detect the carriage rate of Cryptosporidium species in the raw meat samples collected from open markets of the city of Kolkata. In the present investigation 200 raw meat samples (100 chickens and 100 muttons) were utilized. The incidence of Cryptosporidium in meat sample is very sparse in India. In view of very limited literature, the present study had been carried out in the city of Kolkata where the meat samples from the open markets were processed. In this study Cryptosporidium spp. was found to be 6% in the meat samples. The poor sanitary measures and hygienic practices were prevailing in most of the places from where samples were collected which may cause infection to the human beings, if the meat is not handled properly. Again, cross contamination, particularly to those foodstuffs which are eaten raw may be another factor which may give rise to infection in human beings.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Kolkata, Meat, open market, Raw.
[1]. Robert, E. C., Wildman, D. M. M., Advanced Human Nutrition. CRC Press.2000, 37.
[2]. McArdle, John. "Humans are Omnivores". Vegetarian Resource Group. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
[3]. Altschul A. M., Proteins: The chemistry and politics. Basic Books, New York. 1965.
[4]. Komba E. V. G., Komba, E. M. Mkupasi, A. O. Mbyuzi, S. Mshamu, D. Luwumbra, Z. Busagwe and A. Mzula,Sanitary practices and occurrence of zoonotic conditions in cattle at slaughter in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania: implications for public health. Tanzania Journal Health Research, 14 (2),2012,
[5]. Mølbak, K., Andersen, M., Aaby, P., Højlyng, N., Jakobsen, M., Sodemann, M., & Da Silva, A. P., Cryptosporidium infection in infancy as a cause of malnutrition: a community study from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 65(1), 1997, 149-152.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors and Profitability of Rice Production among Smallscale Farmers in Ebonyi State |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Igboji Chidi || Anozie R.O || Nneji Chinaza, Priscilia |
ABSTRACT: This study investigated on socio-economic factors and profitability of rice production among smallscale farmers in Ebonyi state. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 rice farmers. The primary data were collected for the study through structured questionnaire and interview schedule organized for illiterate farmers in the study area. Analytical tool adopted for the study include; frequency, percentages, and multiple regression analysis and factor analysis. The result of analysis showed that majority (58.3%) of the farmers in the study area were females while 41.7% were males. The age of the respondents between 21-30 years with 41.7% ranked the highest, while those greater than 51 years with 4.2% was the least. Majority (62.5%) of the respondents were married while 4.2% were single. Result on household size shows that greater proportion 29.2% of the respondents have the highest frequency at the range of 11-15 persons while 20.8% were least. The result of educational level shows that majority (41.2%) completed primary school while the least of the respondents (12.5%) had tertiary education. The study further indicates that most (45%) of the respondents had reasonable years of experience ranging between 16 and above in the study area.
[1]. Akande, S.O., Akpokodje, G. (2003). Rice prices and market integration. In selected areas in Nigeria. Project report-The Nigerian rice economy in competitive world: constraints, opportunities and strategies choices. Ibadan: Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER,). Pp. 1-20.
[2]. Akande, T. (2003). The rice sector in Nigeria. United Nation Crop Project (UNCP) Country Agricultural Project on trade liberalization in Agricultural sector and the environment, Geneva. Pp 10.
[3]. Akpokodje G, F Lancon and 0 Erenstein, 2001, Nigeria‟s Rice Economy: State of the Art, Draft Report submitted to WARDA, Bouake, Cote d‟ Ivoire November
[4]. Daramola B. (2005): Government Policies and Competitiveness of Nigerian Rice Economy. A Paper presented at the "Workshop on Rice Policy & Food Security in Sub-Saharan Afnca‟organized by WARDA, Cotonou, Republic of Benin, November 07-09
[5]. Ekpe I.I and Alimba J.O( 2013), Economics of Rice Production in Ebonyi State South
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Path Coefficient Analysis in Gladiolus |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | S. K. Patra || C. R. Mohanty |
ABSTRACT: Experiment was carried out to find out the association between different characters and direction of those characters towards the yield taking 30 genotypes of gladiolus grown over two successive year in Department of Floriculture and Landscaping. The pooled data was analyzed for path coefficient study. Path-coefficient analysis of various quantitative characters revealed that distance between two florets and spike length could be considered for improvement of number of florets per spike because of their strong positive direct effect on this trait. Similarly characters like rachis length and leaf length had strong positive direct effect on spike length which may be considered as criteria for selection.
[1]. Anuradha, S. and Gowda, J.V.N. (2000). Path coefficient analysis in gladiolus. Proceedings of the National Conference on Gladiolus, January, p.92.
[2]. Balaram, M.V. and Janakiram, T. (2009). Correlation and path coefficient analysis in gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 12(1): 22-29.
[3]. Choudhary, M., Moond, S.K. and Kumari, A. (2011). Correlation studies in gladiolus. Research in Plant Biology, 1(4): 68-72.
[4]. Dewey, D.R. and Lu, K.H. (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass production. Agronomy Journal, 51: 515-518.
[5]. Lal, S.D., Shah, A. and Seth, J.N. (1985). Genetic variability in gladiolus. II. Correlations between important yield contributing characters. Progressive Horticulture, 17(1):31-34.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Anatomy of Ovary of Pati and Chara-Chemballi Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Domesticus) During Laying Periods |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Anil Deka || Kabita Sarma || S.Sarma || J.Goswami || J.D.Mahanta |
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was undertaken to establish anatomical norms on gross anatomical, histological and histochemical parameter of ovary of Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks. In present investigation, twelve each Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks in their laying periods at 42 weeks of age were utilized. After collection of sample, it was processed as per slandered method. The mean value of length, breadth, thickness and weight of ovary of Chara-Chemballi ducks was significantly higher than Pati ducks. Histologically, the ovary was covered by simple squamous epithelium with patches of cuboidal epithelium in both the ducks. The outer cortical and inner medulla divisions of the ovary were obscured. PAS positive reaction were intense at the basement membrane of granulosa cells, strong in stratum granulosum and theca interna, and moderate in ovarian stroma, tunica albugenia and the cytoplasm of the oocytes in Chara-Chemballi duck as compared to Pati duck. Result obtained showed that the Chara-Chemballi duck revealed significant difference in gross and histochemical parameters as compared to Pati ducks but histologically, there are no significant differences of ovaries both the varieties.
Keywords: Anatomy, Ovary, Pati, Chara-Chemballi, Duck, Laying ,Periods.
[1]. Bharati, K.S., Studies On The Gross And Histology Of Female Reproductive System Of Adult Indigenous Chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Of Assam, M.V.Sc. Thesis, C.V.Sc AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-780122, 2005.
[2]. Luna, L.G., Manuals Of Histological Staining Methods Of Armed Forces Institute Of Pathology, 3rd Edn. Mc Graw Hill Book Co., London,1968.
[3]. Snedecor, G.W. And Cochran, W.G., Statistical Methods. 8th Edn. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, 1994.
[4]. Dyce, K. M.,Sack, W.O. And Wansing, C.J.G., Textbook Of Veterinary Anatomy.3rd Edn. P.831-832. Saunders, Missouri, USA, 1987.
[5]. Das, L.N., Mishra, D.B. And Biswal, G., Comparative Anatomy Of The Domestic Duck (Anas Boscas). Indian Veterinary Journal, 42, 1965, 320-326.
[6]. Kings, A.S. And Mclelland, J.,Outline Of Avian Anatomy. Bailler Tindall, London,1975, 67-69.
[7]. Kings, A.S., Aves Urogenital System. In : Sisson And Grossman's The Anatomy Of The Domestic Animals. Robert Getty(Eds.),5th Edn. Vol.2, W.B.Saunders Co., Philadelphia,1977,.P.1937.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Evaluation of Micronutrient Status of Soils and Their Relation with Some Chemical Properties of Soils of Northern Tahsils (Jintur, Selu and Pathri) Of Parbhani District |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | R. R. Mandavgade || S. L. Waikar || A. L. Dhamak || V.D.Patil |
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was carried out for evaluation of the status of DTPA-Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in relation with chemical properties in soils of Jintur, Selu and Pathri tahsils of Parbhani district. Total 225 surface soil samples (75 from each tahsil) were collected. These soil samples were analysed for soil properties and fertility status of soil. The results revealed that the study area soils are neutral to alkaline in soil reaction, safe in electrical conductivity, low to high in organic carbon content and non-calcareous to calcareous in nature. Considering soil nutrient index values these soils are deficient in DTPA- Zn while Sufficient in DTPA-Fe, Cu and Mn. Further, DTPA-Mn was found significantly correlated with electrical conductivity.
Keywords: Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Nutrient Index.
*Corresponding author email: anil.ldhamak@gmail.com, 1Research Fellow, 2Assistant Professor, 3Associate Professor
[1]. Hundal, H.S., Rajkumar, Dhanwindar Singh and Machandra, J.S. (2006) Available nutrient and heavy metal status of soils of Punjab, North-west India. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 54 : 50-56.
[2]. Jackson, M. L. (1973) Soil Chemical analysis, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd. New Delhi.
[3]. Jibhakate, S.B., Raut, M.M., Bhende, S.N. and Kharche, V.K. (2009) Micronutrient status of soils of Katol tahasil in Nagpur district and their relationship with some soil properties. Journal of Soils and Crops, 19 : 143-146.
[4]. Kadao, S.H., Prasad J. and Gajbhiye, K. S. (2002) Micronutrients status in Banana growing soils of Wardha district of Maharashtra. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 27 : 117-119.
[5]. Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W. A. (1978) Development of DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42 : 421-428.
[6]. Mali, C.V. and Raut, P.D. (2001) Available sulphur and physic-chemical characteristics of oil seed dominated area of Latur district. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 26 : 117-118.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | An Entire Process for the Isolation of Blood Meal from Animal Blood & Microbial Investigation in Blood Meal |
Country | : | Bangladesh |
Authors | : | Zubayer Abdul Bari || Md Amzad Hossain || Mohiuddin Alamgir || Mir Mohi Uddin Maruf |
ABSTRACT: Blood is rich source of iron and proteins of high nutritional and functional quality. Cattle are slaughtered enormously all over the world every day. But in maximum cases this blood is discharged in sewer, thus a valuable protein source is wasted as well as resulting in serious environmental pollution problems. Best utilization of blood in calculative ways can save the environment from such virulent pollution. This study intended to isolate the blood meal from blood through a conventional way and analyze different microorganism through their morphological characteristics, size, shape, before and after radiation. The microbial investigation has been carried out in three categories Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total Coli form Count (TCC) & Total Fungi Count (TFC). After drying 5×108 cfu/gm TBC and 1.7×10 7cfu/gm TCC were found while no TFC was found in the agar plates. Finally Gamma radiations with different dozes were implemented to make it useable and 63 % protein was isolated. This valuable protein is edible and could be used in different areas.
Keywords: Blood, Blood Meal, Environmental Pollution, Isolation of Blood Protein, Micro-Organism,
[1]. Putnam FW, The plasma proteins: structure, function, and genetic control, (New York: Academic press,1975).
[2]. Ockerman HW, Hansen CL. Animal by-product processing and utilization, (L.T.P. comp. Inc. 2000) 325-353.
[3]. Wismer-Pedersen J, Use of hemoglobin in foods-A review, Journal of Meat Science, 2(1), 1988, 31– 45.
[4]. Verheijen LAHM, Wiersema D, Hulshoff Pol LW, Wit JD, Management of Waste from Animal Product Processing, International Agriculture Center, Wageninge ,Netherlands, 1996.
[5]. MANN, Utilization of blood, Process & utilization animal by-products, animal Industry Projects Sec., Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Water Resources, Kabete, Kenya, Ed 4th, 60-63.
[6]. Zieglar J, Dried blood pigment preparation for comminuted meat products and method of preparing same, patent no :Us 3073700 A, January 15 ,1963.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | A Study on Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices Related To Avian Influenza among Poultry Workers in Dawakin Tofa Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Yusha‟u Umar || R. Thilagavathi || Junaidu Yakubu M. |
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Avian Influenza (H5N1) is a highly fatal, acute illness in animals and humans and people who are in close contact with poultry are at high risk for getting the infection. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the existing awareness, attitude, and practice related to Avian Influenza among poultry workers in Dawakin Tofa local government in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study design, in which the data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered in face to face interview among the poultry workers in the selected poultry farms and live birds markets.
[1]. Adene DF, Oguntade AE. Overview of poultry production in Nigeria. The Structure and Importance of Commercial and Village based Poultry Systems in Nigeria: FAO Study 2006; 2: 4-27.
[2]. Fusaro A, Joannis T, Monne I, Salviato A, Yakubu B, Meseko C, et al. Introduction into Nigeria of a distinct genotype of avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerging infectious diseases 2009;15(3):445.
[3]. Ekong PS, Ducheyne E, Carpenter TE, Owolodun OA, Oladokun AT, Lombin LH, et al. Spatio-temporal epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in Nigeria, 2006 - 2008. Preventive veterinary medicine 2012;103(2):170-7.
[4]. Wakawa AM, Abdu PA, Oladele SB, Saidu L, Mohammed SB. Risk factors for the occurrence and spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in commercial poultry farms in Kano, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2012;10(2):40-51.
[5]. Henning J, Bett B, Okike I, Abdu P, Perry B. Incidence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria, 2005-2008. Transboundary and emerging diseases 2013;60(3):222-30.
[6]. Food and Agricultural organization (FAO). Poultry production sectors. http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload//2 24897/factsheet 2004, retrieved 2011-09-28.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Vulnerability of Fishing Communities to HIV/AIDS and Impact on Fish Productivity in Nigeria |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Duwal, S.D. || Garba, M.A. || Yusuf, A. A. || Tusayi, B.W. || Amadi, G.C. || Sanda, M.K. || Peter, M.B. || Kwaji, B.P. || Baba, G.Y. || Sogbesan, O.A |
ABSTRACT: Fishing communities are among the most vulnerable occupational groups, particularly in some Sub- Saharan Africa Countries and most especially Nigeria where the epidemic has hit hardest. The vulnerability of HIV/AIDS of fishing communities stems from complex interactions, mobility of many fishers, the time they spend away from home, their access to cash income, their demographic profile, and low level of education, gender inequality, the readily available commercial sex in many fishing ports, shores of fishing grounds and fishing communities as well as, Involvement in drugs. More recently, as the social and economic impacts of the epidemic have become evident, wider social services provisions and economic pandemic threatens fisheries sustainability by eclipsing the futures of many fisher folks.
[1]. Allison, E. H. and Seeley, J. A. (2004). HIV/AIDS among Fisher folks; a Threat to Sustainable Fisheries? Fish and Fisheries 5(3). Pp. 215-234.
[2]. Awounda, M. (2003). The voice of Dunga: Critical study of Lake Victoria fisherfolks and their perspectives on fishery management, globalization and environmental crises on their livelihoods and local institutions. Unpublished Master Thesis,
[3]. Uppsala, Sweden Centre for Aids Development (2003). Research and Evaluation: Gender-Based Violence and HIV/Aids in South Africa.
[4]. Barnett, T. and Whiteside, A. (2002). AIDS in the 21st Century, Palgrave Macmillan
[5]. Basingstoke and New York FAO (2005). Impact of HIV/AIDS on fishing communities. New Directions in Fisheries – a Series of policy briefs on development issues.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effects of Storage Media and Duration on Nutritional Qualities of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Aremu, D. O. || Babajide, N. A. || Ogunlade, C. A. || Oyeniran, T || Kadiri, A. O. |
ABSTRACT: The assessment of the level of effectiveness of storage media for storage of cowpea and level of nutrient deficiency of cowpea was investigated. The storage media used in the study are; fridge, freezer, airtight container, dry chilli pepper, phostosine and control experiment. Cowpea seeds were stored in each medium for 4 months and at every 4 weeks interval, proximate analysis test was carried out on cowpea in each storage media to determine the level of their protein, fat and moisture content.
[1]. Adejumo, B. A. and Raji, A. O. (2007): Technical Appraisal of grain storage system in Natural suppression of bruchid pests in stored cowpea (V. unguiculata (L walp) in West Africa. International Journal of Pest Management vol. 42: Pp. 55 – 60.
[2]. Adeyoye, M. O. and Ashama K. S. (1996): Importance of temperature and moisture content in stored product and their control. Test of lecture delivered at training workshop feedstuff of the ADP under the auspices of the CSU, Moor Plantation, Ibadan on 6/3/1996, p. 12.
[3]. Bressain, R. (1985): Nutritive value of cowpea. Chapter 28 in Cowpea Research Production and Utilization John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1st edition Pp. 50 – 52.
[4]. Broker, R. H. (1967): Observation on three bruchids associated with cowpea in Northern Nigeria. Journal of stored products research. Vol. 3: Pp. 1 – 15.
[5]. Ehier, J. D and Hall, A. E. (1997): Field crops research vol. 18, p. 53.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Allelopathy Trial Of Clove Leaf Litter (Eugenia Caryophillata Thunb.) On Vegetative Growth Of Maize (Zea Mays L.) And Mungbean (Phaseolus Radiatus L) |
Country | : | Indonesia |
Authors | : | Ana Amiroh || Dan Agung Nugroho |
ABSTRACT: Objective of this study was to determine the effect of clove-leaf litter on the vegetative growth of maize and mungbean. The experiment was held from 12th of April to 14th of May 2012 in Plant Ecology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture and Light-house of Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang. The experiment consist of four treatments with three replications. Each treatments employed different dosages of clove leaf-litter extract is 0 gram, 10 grams, 20 grams and 30 grams. The experiment was conducted both in the laboratory by using Completely Randomized Design and in the glasshouse by using Randomized Block Design. Plant variables observed were germination percentage and root length in laboratory test while in glasshouse test were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and total dry weight. The result showed that the germination percentage and the root length of maize (var. BISI-1) and mungbean (var. Kutilang) seeds were significantly reduced by clove leaf-litter extract, while the glasshouse test showed that the treatments did not significantly affect maize and mungbean in all the parameters observed.
Keywords: clove-leaf litter, allelopathy, maize, and mungbean.
[[1]. Brearley, F.Q,, M.C. Press and J.D. Scholes. 2003. Nutrients obtained from leaf litter can improve the growth of dipterocarp seedlings. Available at http://www.freewebs.-com/irwantoshut/kesuburan_tnh.pdf
[2]. Khanh, T.D., T.D. Xuan and I.M. Chung. 2007. Rice allelopathy and the possibility for seed management. Annuals of App. Biol 151: 325-339
[3]. Kusnadi, M.H dan R.D. Santoso. 1996. Dictionary, Terms of Agriculture Words. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. p. 275.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Physical properties and management of forested steep lands being converted to farm lands: the case of Oban Hills, Cross River State, Nigeria. |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Essoka, A. N. || Oku, E. E. |
ABSTRACT: Soil samples were collected from fifteen profiles located from the top of Oban hills to the valley bottom in southeastern Nigeria. Standard laboratory methods were used to analyse the samples. The predominant top and subsoil textures were gravelly sandy loam and gravelly sandy clay loam respectively. The particle size distribution of the steep land soils ranged from 34 to 82%, 6 to 36% and 6 to 42% for sand, silt and clay respectively.
[1]. Biswas, T. D. and Mukherjee, S. K. (1994). Textbook of soil science, 2ed. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 433pp.
[2]. Cassel, D. K. and Lal, R. (1992). Soil Physical Properties of the tropics: common beliefs and management restraints. In. Myths and Science of Soils of the Tropics: SSA Spec. Pub, No. 2, Madison (USA) SSA & ASA, 891 – 901.
[3]. Chude, V. O. (ed) (2005). Soil and water conservation handbook for extension workers. Federal Department of Agricultural Land Resources and National Special Programme for Food Security. 43pp.
[4]. De Geus, J. G. (1973). Fertilizer guide for the tropics and subtropics, 2ed. Centre d'tude de l' Azote, Zurich. In: J.R. Landon (ed.) Booker Tropical Soil Manual. Longman scientific and technical, New York.
[5]. Essoka, A. N., Ibanga, I. J. and Amalu, U. C. (2009). Classification of the Oban mountains plateau and sub plateau soils of Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Science (JOAFSS) Vol.7 No.1.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effect of Speciality Fertilizers on Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake, Quality and Productivity of Cotton in Vertisol |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | S. L. Waikar || A. L. Dhamak || N. A. Meshram || V.D.Patil |
ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted during the year 2011-2012 to study on effect of speciality fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient uptake, quality and yield of cotton in Vertisol. The treatment combination of 100 % RDF + two spray of starter and booster showed higher availability of N, P and K. Application of 100% RDF + Grade II was noted higher availability of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) as compare to the other treatments. In contrast to concentrations of N, P and K were recorded maximum with treatment T5 (100% RDF + two spray of starter and booster) in cotton plant. However, micronutrient concentrations in cotton plant were significantly increased with treatment T10 (100% RDF + Grade II) towards 100% RDF + two spray of starter and booster (T5). Higher uptake of NPK and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were noticed with 100 % RDF and two spray of each starter and booster than other treatments. Although, application of 100% RDF + two spray of starter and booster (T5) was significantly increased in seed cotton yield, oil and protein content in cotton seed.
Keywords: Speciality fertilizers, protein, oil, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu.
[1]. Bendnarz, C., Hopper and Hickey, M. N. (1999) Effect of foliar fertilization of Texas southern high plains of cotton [Leaf phosphorous, potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, calcium and yield distribution]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22 : 863-875.
[2]. Cakmak, I., Hengeler, C. and Marshner, H. (1994) Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45 : 1245-1250.
[3]. Dhyan Singh, Chhonkar, P. K. and Dwivedi, B. S. (2005) Manual on Soil, Plant and Water Analysis. Westville Publishing House, New Delhi. pp. 200.
[4]. Dordas Christos (2009) Foliar application of manganese increase seed yield and improves seed quality of cotton grown on calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32 : 160-176.
[5]. Ishaq, H. M. (1992) Effect of foliar micronutrient fertilizer on the yield of irrigated cotton Vertisol of the Sudan, gezirol. Experimental Agriculture, 28 : 265-271.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Bamboo "Poor Men Timber": A review Study for its potential & market scenario in India |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Manish Kumar, Tanya |
ABSTRACT: India is the second richest country in the world in terms of genetic resources of bamboo, after China. Bamboo's excellent growth, environmental, mechanical and engineering properties make it a fine alternative to tropical timber. It has been stated in a study conducted by Marsh and Smith (2007) which claims that the industrial factor of Bamboo sector has an excellent potential as far as its impact on poverty alleviation is concerned. Bamboo is foremost in biomass production, with up to 40 tonnes per hectare per year in terms of culms only in managed stands. An estimated one-quarter of the biomass in tropical regions and one-fifth in subtropical regions comes from bamboo. Considering its vast application diversity, it can provide ample scope for the development of rural livelihood especially the tribal population and simultaneously contribute towards the sustainable growth keeping environment its ally.
Key words: Growth, Tropical timber, Poverty, Genetic resource, Biomass
[1]. Aniket Baksy, The bamboo industry in India supply chain structure, challenges and recommendations ccs working Paper # 283 July 2013.
[2]. Champion H.G. and Seth, S.K. (1968). Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India 1-402, Manager, Publications, Delhi.
[3]. FAO, 2005. "World Bamboo Resources- A Thematic Study Prepared in the Framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2005". FAO.
[4]. Forest Survey of India(1999), "State of Forest Report 1999", Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Dehra Dun.
[5]. Forest Survey of India (2011), India State of Forest Report, 2011. Published by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Role of dairy farming in social and economic change of India |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. Dharmendra Singh |
ABSTRACT: Our country is one of the world's largest and fastest growing markets for milk and its milk products It is getting almost 75 percent growth annually in value terms for milk and milk products. Indian agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop and milk production. Historically, the role of livestock has been complementary to crop production. Dairying and agriculture are bound together by set of mutual input output relationship. It once a subsidiary enterprise to agriculture has become a major enterprise and crop production are depend on dairying. Although dairying is by large in the hand of small and marginal land holders and agricultural laborers. About 80 percent farm family in India posses cows and/or buffaloes as a part of family. Animal provide nutrient-rich food products, draught power, dung as organic manure and domestic fuel, hides & skin, and are a regular source of cash income for rural households.
Key words: Milk, protein , livestock , dairy, income, fuel, production etc.
[1]. Vashist, G.D and katiha, P.K. (1989). Economic performance of cows and buffaloes by size group – A case study in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Sci, 56(6): 741-743
[2]. Vaidyanathan, A (1992). Issues in animal husbandry and Dairying, Dairy India:35-36.
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[4]. Sharma,V.P. and Singh, Raj Vir (1996). Trends In Livestock Population and milk production in India : Study of Spatial and Temporal Variations. Indan Dairyman, April, 1996, vol. XL VIII, No. 4, P.35-43
[5]. Singh D and pandey R.K. (2010) Study on cost –benefit analysis of milk production in western part of Uttar Pradesh, Journal of Progressive Science, vol.01.No.02 pp 137-141