IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-10 ~ OCT-2015

ABSTRACT: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is also known as gram, Bengal gram and Chana in Hindi. It belongs to family Leguminosae. It is the major pulse crop used in the diet of vegetarians in India and it is a good source of protein. Dal and Besan (flour) are the important forms in which people consume it. ). In this area different improved varieties of chickpea like JG-412, JG-16, IG-130, Dollar (local) are mostly adopted by farmers at a time. Therefore it is essential to determine the adoption level of improved chickpea varieties, their profitability among farmers and the variety which is most suitable for the area and suggesting farmers to adopt the most appropriate variety. The major consideration for choosing study area was due to important area under chickpea cultivation using different improved varieties. Multi stage sampling design has been adopted for selection of sample for study. Indore district is comprised of 4 blocks namely Indore, Mhow, Depalpur and Sanwer, out of which the Indore block was selected randomly.

[1]. Annual project report, R.V.S.K.V., College of Agriculture, Indore (2012-13).
[2]. Badodia,S.K.; Shrivastava,K.K. and Lakhera,M.L. (2002). Technological gap in chickpea cultivation technology. Agri.Extn.Review. pp:25-28
[3]. Shakya,M.S. (2007). A study on adoption behaviour of chickpea growers in Indore District of M.P. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur.
[4]. Varma,K.L. (2009). A study on extent of adoption of gram cultivation technology in Panagar block of Jabalpur district (M.P.). M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis submitted to J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur.
[5]. Taram, Ravindra (2011). A study on technological gap of recommended chickpea production technology among grower of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis Submitted to the R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior.

ABSTRACT: Agricultural activities are main source of livelihood however, households engage in off-farm activities to generate more income to cushion the effects of poverty. This paper investigated off- farm activities and its contribution to households income in Hawul, Borno, Nigeria. The methods used are multi-stage and stratified simple random sampling procedure in three stages. Stage one: Three Districts were randomly selected; Stage two: The delineation of the selected villages for the study were identified based on rural characteristics stratification measures. And stage three: The sample frame. The population size of the study area is 210 and the sample frame taken is 136. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and verbal interview in measuring socio-economic characteristics of the farming households, off-farm activities and its contribution to households income and socio-economic factors influencing households patterns of off-farm labour.

[1]. Adepoju, A.O. and Obayelu, O.A. (2013). "Livelihood Diversification and Welfare of Rural Households in Ondo State, Nigeria''. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, Vol. 5(12) PP. 482-489.
[2]. Barrette, C.B., Bezuneh, M., Aboud, A. (2001). Income Diversification, Poverty Traps and Policy Shocks in Cote dÍvoire and Kenya In: Food Policy No.26(4) PP 367-384.
[3]. Barrette, C.B., Reardon, T. and Webb, P. (2001). Non-Farm Income Diversification and Household Livelihood Strategies in Rural Africa: Concept, Dynamics and Policy Implications. Food Policy No.26: 315-331.
[4]. Damite, D. and Negatu, W. (2004). Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia, In Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 43(3) PP 267-288.
[5]. De Janvry, A. and Sadoulet, E. (2001): Income Strategies Among Rural Households in Mexico: The Role of Off-Farm Activities . In: World Development 92 (3): PP467-480.
[6]. Ellis, F. (2000): The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries. In: Journal of Agricultural Economics 51 (2): 289-302.

ABSTRACT: Micronutrients are essential for good crop performance. This study was to determine the status and distribution of extractable micronutrient cations in profile soils developed on charnockite at Ado, Ijan, Ijesa-Isu, Ikere, Ire and Osin-Itapa, in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The soils were loamy sand to sand texture at the surface horizons with sandy loam to sandy clay loam sub-surface horizons. The clay content increases proportionately with depth confirming the presence of argillic Bt-horizons in charnockitic soils. Soil pH ranged from 5.6 to 7.5. Total N and available P were critically low. The extractable Mn range was 0.01 to 2.72 mg kg-1 in the soils with the Ap-horizons having the highest contents.

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