IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-18 ~ ISSUE-4 ~ April 2025

ABSTRACT: Background: Combination therapy is a common practice in both veterinary and human medicine, aimed at achieving synergism and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of a single dose of oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg body weight) on the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine administered at a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Materials and Methods: Eight......

Keywords: Oxytetracycline, Combination therapy, Sulphadimidine, Kinetic profile

[1] Agbo JO, Ajibawi DO, Nwankwo HC, Gberindyer FA. Tylosin Can Alter The Disposition Kinetics Of Sulphadimidine In Goats. International Journal Of Veterinary Science And Animal Husbandary. 2024: 9(6):428- 431.
[2] Agbo JO, Bosha JA, Saganuwan, SA, Onyeyili PA. Effect Of Albendazole On The Kinetics Of Sulphadimidine In West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Following Intramuscular Administration. Journal Of Pharmacology And Clinical Research. 2023: 9(1): 1-5.
[3] Agbo JO, Onyeyili PA, Saganuwan SA, Bosha JA. Effect Of Short Term Water Deprivation On The Pharmacokinetics Of Sulphadimidine In West
[4] African Dwarf (WAD) Goats (Capra Hircus). Discovery, 2019a: 55: 604-609.
[5] Agbo JO, Bosha JA, Saganuwan, SA, Onyeyili PA.. Effect Of Age On The Pharmacokinetics Of Sulphadimidine In West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Following A Single Intramuscular Administration. GSC Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019b: 9: 44-49

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted on six year old orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) plants to study the effect of hydrogel on the fruit quality and yield at Roing. An attempt was made to conserve the soil moisture in the root zone of the plant, received through precipitation, by the application of hydrogel at different levels ranging from 0 – 120 g of dose. The objective is to improve the fruit quality and yield of orange. Drought stress significantly limits the orange plant.....

Keywords: fruit quality, hydrogel, leaf relative water content, orange, soil moisture conservation, water stress and yield

[1] Abdin, M.Z., Lakkineni, K.C. And Kumar, P.A. 1993. Molecular Aspects Of Nitrate Reductase Regulation In Higher Plants. In: Nitrogen- Soils, Physiology, Biochemistery, Microbiology, And Genetics.(Eds. Abrol. Y.P. Tilak, K.V.B.R., Kumar, S. And Katyal, J.C.). Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi. Pp. 59-66.
[2] Ahmed, A.M., Radi, A.P., Shaddad, M.A. And El-Aayeb, M.A. 1989. Effect Of Phytohormones On Carbohydrates And Nitrogen Metabolism Of Some Drought Stressed Crop Plants. Journal Of Islamic Academy Of Sciences, 2: 93-99.
[3] Al-Harbi, A.R., Al-Omran, A.M., Choudhary, M.I., Wahdan, H. And Mursi, M. 1996. Influence Of Soil Conditioner On Seed Germination And Growth Of Cucumber. Arab Gulf Journal Of Scientific Research, 14(1): 129-142.
[4] A.O.A.C. 2002. In: Official Methods Of Analysis, Association Of Official Analytical Chemists International, Washington. DC.
[5] Azavedo, T.L., Bertonha, A. And Rezende, R. 2002. Levels Of Hydrophilic Polymer, Irrigation Interval And Coffee Plant Growth. Acta Scientiarum, 24(5): 1239-1243.

ABSTRACT: Exertional rhabdomyolysis describes a syndrome frequently observed when feeding and exercise are out of balance, particularly when a horse on a high-energy diet abruptly cuts back on exercise. Depending on the cause of the muscle damage, exertional rhabdomyolysis can be classified as sporadic or chronic. The accumulation of muscle glycogen during the rest time and the subsequent production of excessive lactic acid when the horse resumes activity.....

Keywords: Electrolyte; Exertional rhabdomyolysis; Glycogen; Hydration; Lactic acid

[1]. Arighi M, Baird JD, Hulland TJ. Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis. Compendium continuing education for veterinarians. 1984; 6:S726-733.
[2]. Baldwin C. Tying Up. Sussex Equine Hospital, Billingshurst Road, Ashington, West Sussex RH20 3BB. https://www.sussexequinehospital.co.uk 2022; Retrieved, 24th May 2022
[3]. Biles AL. Horse Health: Tying-Up and Azoturia, a Metabolic Disorder: Typing-Up and Azoturia are Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, the most common muscle problem in horses. Equestrian's Academy: Equestrian's Academy. 2015; Retrieved, 24th May 2022
[4]. Carson DM. Ricketts SW. Tying-up - Monday Morning Disease in Horses. https://vcahospitals.com. 2022; Retrieved, 2nd July, 2022.
[5]. Deben Valley Equine. Tying Up (Exertional Rhabdomyolysis). https://www.debenvalleyvet.co.uk. 2018; Retrieved, 2nd July, 2022

ABSTRACT: Lambda-cyhalothrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is known for its high efficacy in pest control. However, its toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms, such as fish, raises environmental and ecological concerns. This study evaluates the impact of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) on the haematological profile of Anabas testudineus (Bloch), a hardy freshwater fish species. Statistical analysis using independent t-tests confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) across nearly....

Keywords: Lambda-cyhalothrin, haematological, Anabas testudineus, fish

[1] Gonçalves, A. M., Rocha, C. P., Marques, J. C., & Gonçalves, F. J. (2021). Enzymes As Useful Biomarkers To Assess The Response Of Freshwater Communities To Pesticide Exposure–A Review. Ecological Indicators, 122, 107303.
[2] Kalyabina, V. P., Esimbekova, E. N., Kopylova, K. V., & Kratasyuk, V. A. (2021). Pesticides: Formulants, Distribution Pathways And Effects On Human Health–A Review. Toxicology Reports, 8, 1179-1192.
[3] Marigoudar, S. R., Ahmed, R. N., & David, M. (2009). Cypermethrin Induced Respiratory And Behavioural Responses Of The Freshwater Teleost, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton). Veterinarski Arhiv, 79(6), 583-590.
[4] Mondal, R., Mukherjee, A., Biswas, S., & Kole, R. K. (2018). GC-MS/MS Determination And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Pesticides In Aquatic System: A Case Study In Hooghly River Basin In West Bengal, India. Chemosphere, 206, 217-230.
[5] Rajmohan, K. S., Chandrasekaran, R., & Varjani, S. (2020). A Review On Occurrence Of Pesticides In Environment And Current Technologies For Their Remediation And Management. Indian Journal Of Microbiology, 60(2), 125-138.

ABSTRACT: Background: Phenotypic methods are essential for identifying biofilms, allowing for direct observation of their formation and characteristics. Techniques such as microscopy and staining, particularly the use of Congo Red Agar (CRA), are widely employed to study the structure and behavior of biofilms, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments. This study investigates the influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus strains......

Key Word: Biofilms, S. aureus, NaCl, Phenotypic

[1]. Rodrigues RL, Lima JLDC, Sena KXDFR, Maciel MAV. Phenotypic And Genotypic Analysis Of Biofilm Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Infection And Colonization Samples. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020; 53:E20200399.
[2]. Yan J, Bassler BL. Surviving As A Community: Antibiotic Tolerance And Persistence In Bacterial Biofilms. Cell Host Microbe. 2019; 26(1): 15-21.
[3]. Barros EM, Lemos M, Souto-Padrón T, Giambiagi-Demarval M. Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Biofilm Formation In Staphylococcus Haemolyticus. Curr Microbiol. 2015; 70(6): 829-834.
[4]. Aniba R, Dihmane A, Raqraq H, Ressmi A, Nayme K, Timinouni M, Barguigua A. Molecular And Phenotypic Characterization Of Biofilm Formation And Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Of Uropathogenic Staphylococcus Haemolyticus Isolates In Casablanca, Morocco. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 110(4): 116483.
[5]. Harika K, Shenoy VP, Narasimhaswamy N, Chawla K. Detection Of Biofilm Production And Its Impact On Antibiotic Resistance Profile Of Bacterial Isolates From Chronic Wound Infections. J Glob Infect Dis. 2020; 12(3): 129-134.

ABSTRACT: Rice remains a fundamental staple food that sustains a significant portion of the Kenyan population. With the population on rise, it is projected that Kenya's rice production must expand to satisfy the ever-growing food demand. To achieve this, it is essential for Kenya to enhance sustainable rice production per unit of land. Owing to this, the cultivation of rice ratooning presents a viable option. Nevertheless, it is crucial to assess various planting methods......

Key Word: Planting, Mechanical, Manual, Direct seeding, Ratoon crop

[1]. Chen, Q., He, A., Wang, W., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K. And Nie, L. 2018. Comparison Of Regeneration Rate And Yields Performance Between Inbred And Hybrid Rice Cultivars In A Direct Seeding Rice-Ratoon Rice System In Central China. Field Crops Research, 223: 164 – 170.
[2]. He, A., Wang, W., Jiang, G., Sun, H., Jiang, M., Man, J., Cui, K., Huang, J. Peng, S. And Nie, L. 2019. Source-Sink Regulation And Its Effects On The Regeneration Ability Of Ratoon Rice. Field Crops Research, 236: 155 – 164.
[3]. Cassman, K.G., Dobermann, A., Walters, D.T. And Yang, H. 2003. Meeting Cereal Demand While Protecting Natural Resources And Improving Environmental Quality. Annual Review Of Environment And Resources, 28 (1): 315 – 358.
[4]. Ray, D.K. And Foley, J.A. 2013. Increasing Global Crop Harvest Frequency: Recent Trends And Future Directions. Environmental Research Letters, 8 (4): 044041.

ABSTRACT: This research was conducted to study the effect of soil Solarization and colour of Solarization material on need management in cassava varieties. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block (CRB) with split plots, replicated 3 times. The entire experimental plot was one hectare. The plot was cleared and the trash packed. Ridges were constructed according to the design of the experiment. Soil Solarization was done to kill weed seeds. Solarization materials were; control (zero or no Solarization), black, white, and green polyethene materials. The Solarization was removed after six weeks in the field. Three varieties of cassava, TMS. 30555, TMS. 30572 and TMS......

Key Word: Soil Solarization, Solarization material, Polyethene, experimental design, Significant effect, environmentally friendly

[1] Alves, A.C. (2002). Cassava Botany And Physiology. In Hillock, R.J., Thresh, J.M., Bellotti, A (Eds). Cassava: Biology, Production And Utilization, CABI, Wallingford, UK, 67-90 Cited 9th May, 2022.
[2] Amador-Ramirez, M.D., Velasquez-Valle, R., Brovolozano, A.G., And Gutierrez-Luna, R. (2005). Interference Of Weeds On Growth And Yield Of Transplanted Dry Chilli Pepper. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 11 (1): 73-81.
[3] Chittapur, B.M. And Hosmani, M.M. (2000). The Effect Of The Period Of Soil Solarization And Weed Control Measures On Weed Growth In Soybean (Glycine Max L.). Proceedings Of International Conference On Managing Natural Resources, 1121-1123.
[4] Grace Communication Foundation (2020). Food Security And Food Access. Grace Communication Foundation 215 Lexington Avenue, NY 10016 United States.
[5] IITA (International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture) (2014). Root And Tuber Improvement Programme. Archival Report (2011-2014) Part 7, Ibadan, Nigeria.