IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-15 ~ ISSUE-12 ~ Dec. 2022

ABSTRACT: Achieving food security represents a top policy priority around the world given that the levels of hunger and malnutrition have remained disturbingly high. Recent years have seen the nutritional status and food security of millions of people being further undermined by high and volatile food prices.Large and unexpected changes in food prices represent an important risk factor and constitute serious threat to food security, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. The study therefore examined the effects of changes in food prices on food security in Nigeria using monthly and annual time series data over the period of 2000 to 2020.The study used Coefficient of Variation (CV) to estimate changes in food prices (food price volatility) while the Autoregressive Distributed lag(ARDL)Model was employed to determine the response......

Key words: food security, food prices, price changes, price support

[1]. Akerele, D. (2013), Food demand, nutrition and policy analysis in Nigeria. An unpublished
[2]. PhD Thesis, University of Reading UK.
[3]. Amolegbe K.B., Upton J., Bageant E. Blom S. (2021). Food price volatility and household food security: Evidence from Nigeria.
Food Policy, Elsevier. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102061
[4]. Arezki R., El Aynaoui K., Nyarko Y. and Teal F. (2016). Food price volatility and its consequences: introduction. Oxford Economic
Papers, 68(3): 655–664, doi: 10.1093/oep/gpw019.
[5]. AVISA (2021). Increasing Millet Production in Nigeria. Available at https://www.avisaproject.org/increasing-millet-production-innigeria

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using cassava peels which have been treated with whiting solution into ruminant rations in vitro so that the utilization of cassava peels in ruminant rations can be increased. This study used a randomized block design with a 3x3 factorial and 3 replications. Factor A is soaked cassava peel using whiting solution consisting of A1: cassava peel with 0% whiting dose soaked for 3 hours, A2: cassava peel with 0,25% whiting dose soaked for 3 hours, and A3: cassava peel with 0,50% whiting dose soaked for 2 hours. Factor B is the utilization of treated cassava peels in the ration consisting of B1: 10% of treated cassava peels, B2: 20% treated of cassava peels, B3: 30% of treated cassava peels in the ration. The results showed that there was an interaction........

Keywords: In vitro, cassava peel, ruminant ration,rumen characteristics, nutrients digestibility.

[1]. Indonesia Statistics Center. 2015. Production of Cassava in Indonesia.
[2]. Department of Food Crops, Horticulture and Plantation of West Sumatra Province. 2021. Cassava Production in West Sumatra Province by Regency/City.
[3]. Aro, S. O.; Aletor, V. A.; Tewe, O. O.; Agbede, J. O., 2010. Nutritional potentials of cassava tuber wastes: A case study of a cassava starch processing factory in south-western Nigeria. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 22 (11).
[4]. Agustin F, Erpmen, H. Suryadi, N. Jamarun. 2021. The Used of Calcium Hydroxide with different soaking time on cassava peel for reducing HCN, and its effect on rumen fermentation: in process of being published in Scoppus indexed proceedings. at IOP. Conf. Ser.
[5]. Kemala Ghea, Dewi Ratna Utami, Hernaman I, Ana Rochana Tarmidi, Ayuningsih Budi. 2019. Ration Digestibility Containing Dry Cassava Peel on Sheep. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 19(2):140-144. Faculty of Animal Science, University of Padjajaran, Bandung.

ABSTRACT: Mastitis can be an important disease in sheep,Goat and other large Animals such as Cattle and camel with an incidence >2%. In addition to deaths from severe infections, the disease can be a cause of lamb mortality from malnourishment or of depressed dissuading weights of lambs. Per-acute, gangrenous (usually due to Staphylococcus aurous), acute, sub-acute, and probably subclinical types occur. Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, is predominantly caused by bacterial pathogens and occasionally mycotic or algal microbes. Pathologic changes to milk-secreting epithelial cells from inflammation decreases function, ie, milk production. Depending on the pathogen, deceased milk production may continue into further lactations, which reduces productivity and, for beef and other meat-producing animals, potential weight gain for suckling offspring.........

Keywords: Goats. Mastitis. Clinical. Subclinical. Occurrence. Risk factors. Benadir Region, Somalia.

[1]. Aqib, A. I.,Nighat, S., Ahmed, R., Sana, S., Jamal, M. A., Kulyar, M. F. E. A., ...& Rahman, A. (2019). Drug Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitic Milk of Goats and Risk Factors Associated with Goat Mastitis in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51(1).
[2]. Ariffin, S. M. Z., Hasmadi, N., Syawari, N. M., Sukiman, M. Z., Ariffin, M. F. T., Chai, M. H., &Ghazali, M. F. (2019). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli in dairy goats with clinical and subclinical mastitis. J. Anim. Health Prod, 7(1), 32-37.
[3]. Contreras, A., Sierra, D., Sánchez, A., Corrales, J. C., Marco, J. C., Paape, M. J., & Gonzalo, C. (2007). Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 145-153.
[4]. El Badawy, S. A.,Amer, A. M., Kamel, G. M., Eldeib, K. M., & Constable, P. D. (2015). Comparative pharmacokinetics using a microbiological assay and high performance liquid chromatography following intravenous administration of cefquinome in lactating goats with and without experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Small Ruminant Research, 133, 67-76.

ABSTRACT: Background: Beef is a major source of protein to man and widely consume in Enugu State. Environmental pollution and contamination with heavy metals is considered as one of the major public health problems as the metals cannot be degraded and may stay permanently in the environment The present study was undertaken to ascertain the presence and concentration of lead, cadmium and copper in muscles and organs of slaughtered cattle at Enugu State..........

Keywords: Heavy metals, lead, cadmium and copper.

[1]. Felix OC, Ekene E, Johnbosco UC Anelon NJ, Assessment of cadmium (Cd) residues in organs and muscles of slaughtered pigs at Nsukka and environs in Enugu State, Nigeria. J.Vet. Med. Anim. Health. 2016; 8(11): 199-206.
[2]. Felix OC,John NA, Ekene EV, Assessment of lead (Pb) Residues in Organs and Muscles of Slaughtered Pigs at Nsukka and Environs in Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2016; 3(4):392-398
[3]. Obioha FC, Obodoechi LO, Ukoha JC, Evaluation of mercury (hg) and arsenic (as) residues in organs and muscles of slaughtered pigs at Nsukka slaughter house in Enugu State, Nigeria. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2016; 8(24):26-32.
[4]. Akan JC, Abdulrahman FI, Sadipo OA, Distribution of heavy metals in the liver, kidney and meat of beef mutton caprine and chicken from kasuwanshanu market in Maiduguri metropolis Borno State Nigeria. Research J of Appl Sci Engg Technol. 2010; pp743-748.
[5]. Ambushe AA, Hlongwane MM, McCrindle RI, McCrindle CME, Assessment of Levels of V, Cr, Mn, Sr, Cd, Pb and U in Bovine Meat. S. Afr. J. Chem.2012; 65:159–164

ABSTRACT: Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) is a natural enemy of various plants' sap-sucking insect pests viz. Whitefly, Aphids, Jassids, etc. This predator is an effective deterrent to sap-sucking insects and it can be used in augmentative release programs, for that requires more ecological and biological data. The main objective of this study is to inspect the development study of C. sexmaculata on the pest Aleurodicus dispersus. C. sexmaculata laid eggs in groups and hatches within 1.72 ± 0.72 days, after hatching larvae start to feed on A. disperses young stages, total larval development completed within 7.23± 2.89days, having four instars. Pupation was completed in 5.97± 0.98 days. The total.....

Keywords: Cheilomenes sexmaculata ,Aleurodicus dispersus, biology, predator,Coefficient Correlation.

[1]. Asia Mariam, M., 1999, Biology and management of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus disperses Russell.(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on mulberry.M.Sc.(Ag) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ.,Coimbatore, p. 88.
[2]. Baskaran, P. and Subramanyan, S.S. (1992), Conservation and augmentation of predatory Coccinellids in biological control of insect pests. pp. 223-228. In: Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (Ed). Emerging Trends in Biological Control of Phytophagous Insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. (Pvt.) Ltd.
[3]. Gautam, R.D. (1989). Influence of different hosts on the adults of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fab). J. Biol. Control. 3, 90-92.
[4]. Geetha, B., 2000, Biology and management of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus disperses (Russell) (Homoptera: Aleurodidae). Ph.D Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore (India).
[5]. Islam, M.A. and Nasiruddin, M. (1978). Life history and feeding habit of Veraniadiscolor (f.). Bangladesh J. Biol.Sci.6, 7 (I), 48-49.

ABSTRACT: An experiment wasconducted at Agricultural research farm of Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture & Research Station, Sarkanda, Bilaspur (C.G.), during Rabiseason 2021to study the effect of different levels of sulphur and moisture on yield of mustard under drip environment. The experiment was laid out in a Strip Plot Design with treatment combinations and replicated thrice. Treatment combinations included three irrigation levels on strip A viz., I1 (80% PE), I2 (60% PE) and I3 (40% PE) through drip and four nutrient level application on strip B viz., F1 (75% RDF + 10kg S), F2 (75% RDF + 20kg S), F3 (75% RDF + 30kg S) and F4 (100% RDF + soil application). Irrigation at 60% PE (I2) through drip recorded highest seed yield (2.44 t ha-1) and stover yield (5.89 t.........

Keywords: Yield, Drip, Irrigation, Uptake, Mustard

[1]. Bharati, V., Prasad, U. K., & Singh, J. P. (2003). Irrigation and sulphur on yield and nutrient uptake of Indian mustard. Journal of Farming Systems Research & Development, 8: 97-98.
[2]. Biswas, D. R., Ali, S. A., &Khera, M. S. (1995). Nitrogen-sulphur interaction on the uptake of P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn by Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L., ISN-706). Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 43(2): 280-281.
[3]. Chaubey, A. K., & Dwivedi, K. N. (1995). Effect of N, P and S and Their Interactions on Yield of and Nutrient Uptake by Linseed (Linumusitatissimum). Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 43(1): 72-75.
[4]. Chauhan, D. R., Paroda, S., & Ram, M. (1996). Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to biofertilizers, sulphur and nitrogen fertilization. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 41(4): 620-623.
[5]. Chitale, S., & Bhambri, M. C. (2001). Response of rapeseed-mustard to crop geometry, nutrient supply, farmyard manure and interculture-A review. Ecology environment and conservation, 7: 387-396

ABSTRACT: Pakcoy mustard (Brassica rapa. L) is a vegetable plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Pakcoy mustard plants are still closely related to mustard greens. Recently, hydroponic technology has emerged which has attracted attention as an innovation to increase foodsecurity as well as a solution for farming on limited land and without using soil media. The research objective is to determine. The research objective was to determine the feasibility of Pakcoy mustard farming with a hydroponic system during the Covid-19 pandemic in garden plots. The research was conducted at the Beji Makmur Gapoktan Farm, Beji Village, Junrejo District, Batu City. The farming analysis that will be used is..........

Keywords: Business Feasibility, Hydroponics, Mustard Greens

[1]. Boer, N, P., Abdi, dan Abdul, G. 2019. Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Hidroponik Di Kelurahan Kambu Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari (Studi Kasus HidroponikFaperta). Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis. 6(1): 27-36
[2]. Ibrahim, Y. 2003. Studi Kelayakan Bisnis. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[3]. Kamaruddin, C, A., Ma'ruf, M, I., Marhawati, Basra, A., dan Rahmawati, D. 2020. Analisis Usaha Hidroponik Di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus Delta Farm). Jurnal Agribisnis dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian UNPAD. 5(2): 151- 161
[4]. Rayyani, W, O., Salam, K, N., Panjaitan, R., Nur, A., Sari, A, E., Nurussama, Wulansari, R., Krisnanto, B., Oktovian, R., Budiasih, Y. 2020. Masa- masa Covid-19 Strategi Bisnis dan Manajemen Perusahaan. Komunitas Dosen Bidang Ekonomi dan Bisnisdi Indonesia. Banten: CV. AA Rezky
[5]. Riyanto, B. 2004. Dasar–Dasar Pembelanjaan Perusahaan. Edisi ke 4.Yogyakarta: BPFCRoidah, I. 2014. Pemanfaatan Lahan Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Hidroponik.Jurnal Universitas Tulungagung Bonorowo. 1(2): 43-49

ABSTRACT: Located in the far east of Niger, the Diffa region is an area with an essentially pastoral vocation.However, in recent decades, livestock farming has been subject to various natural and anthropogenic constraints.These constraints are all risk factors that hinder the smooth running of pastoral activity.To understand the strategies developed by breeders in the face of these risks, survey work was conducted with 147 households of Fulani breeders using a systemic approach. Analysis of the results reveals that faced with these risks, breeders develop ex-ante a set of means and mechanisms enabling them to protect themselves while awaiting the removal of uncertainty about the future..........

Keywords: Adaptation, Pastoral breeding, Peul breeders, Risk management, Resilience, Vulnerability, Diffa.

[1]. Adger W.N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related ?Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347-364.
[2]. Adger W.N., Huq S., Brown K., Conway D. &Hulme M. (2003).Adaptation to climate change in the developing world. Progress in Development Studies, 3(3), 179-195.
[3]. Ancey V., Ickowicz A., Toure I., Wane A. &TamsirDiop A. (2009). La vulnérabilité pastorale au Sahel : portée et limite des systèmes d'alerte basés sur des indicateurs, 16 pages. In : DUTEURTRE G. & FAYE B., éds. L'élevage, richesse des pauvres. Stratégies d'éleveurs et organisations sociales face aux risques dans les pays du Sud. Paris : Quӕ, 117-132.
[4]. Anderson S. &Monimart M. (2009). Recherche sur les stratégies d'adaptation des groupes pasteurs de la région de Diffa, Niger oriental. Londres : International Institute for Environnement and Development. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02725.pdf (15/12/2010).
[5]. Banque Mondiale (2001). Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2000/2001 : Combattre la pauvreté. Washington : Banque Mondiale.

ABSTRACT: A fifty-six day (8weeks) feeding trial was conducted on 126, day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation of dried Cassava Peel Meal (CPM) and Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) based diets on their performance. The birds were randomly assigned six dietary treatments of 21 birds each. Thetreatments were sub-divided into three replicates containing 7 birds each in a 3x2 factorial design.There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in average initial weight and mortality. However, average final weight, average body weight, average daily weight, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio showed significant (P<0.05) treatment effects..........

Keywords: Broiler chickens, performance, cassava peel, palm kernel cake, enzyme, supplementation.

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