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ABSTRACT: Rumen digesta causes environmental pollution by entering into the rivers, streams and local free water bodies and imitate methane and carbon dioxide in the air. Environment pollution could be mitigate by recycling the slaughter house waste and mix with crop residue as animal feed. Rumen digesta is a good source of beneficial micro-organism and partially digested feed material of high nutritive values. This experiment is designed to save the environment and determine the nutritional value of Dried Rumen Digesta (DRD) as well as recycle it for goat feeding. This work was done with eight number of growing female Black Bengal (BB) goat having 8.5 to 9.25 kg live weight with a complete randomized block design. The animals were arranged into T0 (Control) and T1 (Dried Rumen ingesta fed) treated group..........
Keywords: Recycle, rumen digesta, goat feed, pollution
[1]. B.O. Esonu, U.D. Ogbonna, G.A. Anyanwu, O.O. Emelanom, M.C. Uchegbu, E.B. Etuk and A.B.I. Udedibe,. Evaluation of performance, organ characteristics and economic analysis of broiler finisher fed dried rumen digesta. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5, 2006, 1116-1118.
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[5]. E. A Fasakin., A.M. Balogun and O.A. Fagbenro, Evaluation of sundried water-fern, Azolla Africana and Duckweed, Spirodela polyrrhiza in practicaldiets for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. J. Applied Aquac., 11 2001, 83-92
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Agricultural Development and Literacy Level in Haryana |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Satbir Singh || AnjuDuhan |
: | 10.9790/2380-1102010811 |
ABSTRACT: Haryana came into being on 1st November 1966, after the reorganization of the Punjab state on linguistic basis. As a separate state the Hindi speaking areas of the parent state were separated from the Punjabi speaking areas and were reconstituted as a new state of Haryana. The region comprising the present State of Haryana had lagged behind in terms of development when it was part of joint Punjab State (Nayar, 1966; Rai, 1987; Siwach, 1976). Haryana is a small state and has an area of just 0.44 lakh sq. kms. According to 2011 census; it has total population of about 2.53 crore. The State has literacy rate of 76.6 percent. It has sex ratio of 877 females per 1000 males. Haryana is mainly a rural state with 71 % of its population living in the villages. Haryana ranks 20th in terms of area and 16th in terms of population when compared to other Indian states in the country. Haryana has four Administrative Divisions
[1]. Dubey, A. (2009). Intra-state Disparities in Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Orissa and Punjab.Economic and Political Weekly¸XLIV, No. 26 and 27.
[2]. Singh, R. (2004). Rural Infrastructure, Agricultural Development and Poverty in India: An Inter-state Study, Journal of Rural Development, 23(1), 31-57.
[3]. Narain, P., et al., 'Classification of districts based on Socio-economic Development in Orissa',Yojana, 36, No. 23, 1992, pp. 9-12.
[4]. Narain, P., et al., 'Evaluation of Economic Development in Orissa', J. Indian Soc. Agric. Statist.,45, 1993, pp. 249-278.
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ABSTRACT: Bungo fish (Glossogobius Cf. aureus) is native species from Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi. This study was conducted with the aim to observe anatomical and histological of respiratory system of bungo fish. This study showed several characteristics such as the configuration of gills filament for the "V" shape without septum, operculum located adjacent to the pectoral, membrana branchialis converged with isthmus with a narrow slit, and short gills filters, however the fish did not have additional breathing organ and only depended on countercurrent flow system to obtaining oxygen. Histological observations showed some characteristics such as afferent arterioles at the end of the primary lamella and efferent arterioles at the base ofthe primary lamella..........
Keywords: Bungo fish, respiratory system, gills, anatomy, histology
[1]. A. Tamsil. Study some characteristics of prespawning reproduction and possible spawning of bungo fish (Glossogobius cf. Aureus) at Lake Tempe and Lake Sidenreng South Sulawesi, Doctoral Diss., Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indoensia, 2000
[2]. S.A. Omar. Iktiologi. (Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 2011) (ID)
[3]. G.S. Helfman, B.B. Collette, D.E. Facey, B.W. Bowen. The Diversity of Fishes, Biology, Evolution, and Ecology. (Willey-Blackwell, Hoboken, USA, 2009)
[4]. D.H. Evans, P.M. Piermarini, K.P. Choe. The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange,Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste. Physiological Reviews, 85, 2005, 97–177.
[5]. P.C. Withers. 1992. Comparative Animal Physiology. (Saunders College Publishing, Londong, UK, 1992).
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ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pruned materials of two hedgerow species on wheat production and soil nutrient changes at different nitrogen levels in the research farm of the BangabandhuShiekhMujiburRahman Agricultural University (BSMARU) during November 2012 to March 2013. The design of the experiment was split plot, where two multipurpose tree species (MPTS) namely Gliricidiasepium and Leucaenaleucocephala were arranged in main plots and five different doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose) with pruned materials were distributed to sub plots. Alley widths of both tree species were 6.0 meter...........
Keywords: Wheat, Alley cropping, Pruning, Productivity, Yield
[1]. Anonymous. 1997. Alley cropping. Conservation practice job sheet 311. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), USDA. pp:1-4.
[2]. Ayoub, M., S. Guertin, S. Lussier, D.L. Smith. 1993. Timing and levels of nitrogen fertility effects on spring wheat Yield in Eastern Canada. Crop Sci.; 34(3):748–756.
[3]. BBS. 2001. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of thePeoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[4]. BBS. 2004. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of thePeoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[5]. BBS. 2010. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of thePeoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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ABSTRACT: The study analyzed marketing variables of selected vegetables in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives (i) described the socio-economic features of the selected vegetable marketers; (ii) described the marketing costs and margins of the marketers; and (iii) determined the effect of the socio-economic features on the marketers' margins. Statement of null hypothesis that socio-economic characteristics do not significantly affect the marketing of selected vegetables was stated. Multi stage, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting the sample size for the study. In all a total sample size of 90 respondents were chosen for the study. The objectives were achieved using simple descriptive statistics, marketing cost and margin analysis, as well as inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis). From the analysis, the results indicated that majority.........
Key words: Marketing, marketers, vegetables, costs, margins, Nigeria
[1] P.C. Aju and L. Popoola, The dietary role of traditional vegetables in the rural communities of Imo State - Nigeria, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(7), 2010, 104-113.
[2] M.W. Pasquini & E.M Young, Network to promote the sustainable production and marketing of indigenous vegetables through urban and peri-urban agricultural in sub-Saharan Africa (indigenoveg), ISHS Acta Horticultura Proceeding of the International Conference on Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes: Prospectus for Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition, 752(3), 2007, 41-48.
[3] M. Yohanes, Performance and challenges of vegetable market: The case of Kombolcha District - East Harerghe Zone - Oromia National Regional State – Ethiopia, MSc thesis, School of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Hamaraya University, Ethiopia, 2015.
[4] G.J.H. Grubben and O.A. Denton, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2: Vegetables, (PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands, 2004).
[5] A.E. Uko, A.E., I.A. Udo, and J.O. Shiyam, Effects of poultry manure and plant spacing on the growth and yield of waterleaf (Talinum fructicosum (L.) Juss), Journal of Agronomy, 12(3), 2013, 146-152.
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ABSTRACT: In order to characterize the pedological characteristics of Bshaaleh area and to assess the suitability of this area to olive cultivation, the climate conditions and the soil characteristics were evaluated as well as the tree's age estimation by using the growth rate method. The comparison of the climatic data of Bshaaleh with those of the Koura area, which is considered an optimal area for olive cultivation in north of Lebanon, showed that Bshaaleh is much colder than Koura area during winter (5.1 degrees less) and cooler during summer (3.9 degrees less). Moreover, Bshaaleh received much more precipitations; indeed, on a per year basis they were about 90% higher than in Koura area (1390 mm vs. 730 mm). According to the USDA Soil Textural Triangle, the soil samples tested from Bshaaleh had a sandy loam texture, which is a suitable texture for olive trees.The average value of 1.7% of organic matter found in the samples tested can be considered an adequate content. The total phosphorus found in.........
Key words: Bshaaleh, Lebanon, olive tree,age estimation, climate and soil characteristic.
[1]. F. Favia and G. Celano, The olive-growing systems in hilly and mountainous land: Basilicata and Campania. Il futurodeisistemiolivi-coli in areemarginali: aspetti socio-economici, conservazionedellerisorsenaturali e produzioni di qualita`, L'Aquilone, 2005, 123–158. (in Italian).
[2]. F. Duarte, N. Jones, L. Fleskens,Traditional olive orchads on sloping land: Sustainability or abandonment?, Journal of environmental management, 89 (2), 2008, 86-98.
[3]. O. Nekkay and M. Arriaza,How attractive is upland olive groves landscape? Application of the analytic hierarchy process and GIS in southern spain, Sustainability, 8, 2016.
[4]. S. Lavee,Biology and physiology of the olive, World Olive Encyclopedia, (IOOC Publishers: 1996), 59–104,
[5]. G.S. Sibbett, J. Osgood,Site selection and preparation, tree spacing and design, planting, and initial training, Olive production manual, 2005, 27-28..
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ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis is considered as one the most economically important diseases of poultry and has tremendous socio-economic impact in Nigeria, where family incomes rely heavily on poultry farming. The molecular identification and prevalence of poultry Eimeria spp. in Rivers State was determined in this study. Live bird markets (LBM) in Port Harcourt city (the state capital) were targeted so as to obtain holistic data on Eimeria prevalence. Data on specific market characteristics were collected from 9 LBMs. Fecal samples were collected from bird cages and pooled per LBM. Eimeria oocysts were isolated and identified using oocysts morphology and species-specific multiplex PCR amplification using SCAR primers. Regression analysis were used to check for association between Eimeria spp. prevalence and specific market characteristics. The overall prevalence of poultry Eimeria was 77% (7 of 9). Four Eimeria species were confirmed with prevalence of E. tenella: 77%, E. necatrix: 55%, E. acervulina: 44% and.........
Key words: Eimeria, Poultry, Live bird markets, Prevalence, Nigeria
[1] McDougald, L.R. Coccidiosis. In Diseases of poultry. 11th edition. Edited by Saif YM, Barnes J, Glisson JR, Fadly AM, McDougald LR, Swayne DE. Ames, 2003 Iowa: Iowa State Press.
[2] Blake, D.P. and Tomley, F.M. Securing poultry production from the ever-present Eimeria challenge Trends in Parasitology, 302014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2013.10.003
[3] Levine, N. D. Taxonomy and life cycle of coccidia. In Biology of the coccidia, P. L. Long (ed.). University Park Press, Baltimore, Maryland 1982, p. 1-33.
[4] Reid, W. M., Hines, T.K., Johnson, J., and Stino, K R. Coccidiosis: Effects of high environmental temperatures on anticoccidial protection. Poultry Science55, 1976, 1436– 1441.
[5] Karaer, Z., Guven, E., Akcay, A., Kar, S., Nalbantoglu, S. and Cakmak, A. Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in broiler farms in Turkey. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44(3), 2012, 589-594..
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ABSTRACT: This experimental was conducted to study the response of jojoba tree (Simmondsia chinensis) to foliar application of gibberellic acid (0,50,100,150 ppm) on vegetative, reproductive traits and the seed oil content at privet farm in EL-Behira governorate, Egypt during two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications .Results revealed that all treatments significantly enhanced vegetative growth characteristics (branch length, secondary branches length, number of branched nodes and reproductive characteristics (flowering date, initial fruit set, final fruit set, seed yield and chemical composition of jojoba seed compared to the control in the first and second seasons, respectively, so seed oil fatty acids were identified . The treatment of 150ppm GA3 gave the minimum 50% flowering (41.24 and 37.50) days and recorded the highest means of branch length (95.09 and 98.68), secondary branches length............
Key words: Jojoba, gibberellic acid (GA3), vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set, seed yield and seed oil fatty acid content.
[1]. Abd-El-MigeedWM,S.Bayoumi,AAR.Salma,MMSalem,SHAbd- Alrahman,HMSayed.2014.Antioxidant.lipogenase inhibitors from the leaf extract of simmondsia chinensis.Asian Pac.J.Trop Med.7:5521-6
[2]. Abou-sedra, F.A., 1981. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and gibberlic acid (GA3) on yield and quality of spinach. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Zagazig (Banha Branch), Fac. Agr. Sci., Moshtohor.
[3]. Al-Obaidi, J.R., 2017. A review on plant importance, biotechnological aspects, and cultivation challenges of jojoba plant. Biological research 50:25.1-9.
[4]. AOAC (1995) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association Official Analytical chemist, Arlington.
[5]. Azza A. M. Mazher, Nahed G. Abdel-Aziz, Effat I. El-Maadawy, Amal A. Nasr and Samah M. El-Sayed .2014. Effect of Gibberellic acid and Paclobutrazol on Growth and Chemical Composition of Schefflera arboricola plants. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 3(4): 782-792...
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ABSTRACT: The red palm weevil (RPW) is the major pest of palms in the Mediterranean region. One of the most interesting control solutions for this pest is endotherapy, comprising injections of biologically active substances directly into the stem of the palm. The objective of the present work was to study the ovicidal and adulticidal properties of two neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin and thiamethoxam) under laboratory conditions, to obtain evidence for application of endotherapy in the control of RPW infestations. Our results show that both commercial compounds display a dose-dependent action and exhibit different modes of action: clothianidin is more rapid in its action, but in general is less effective for control of the adult stages, while thiamethoxam is more effective, but its action requires longer to show efficacy. The eggs are much less sensitive to treatments, especially for clothianidin..
Key words:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, neonicotinoids, adults, eggs, clothianidin, thiamethoxam
[1]. M.S.T Abbas, IPM of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus, in A. Ciancio, K. Mukerji (eds) Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests and Insect Borne Diseases, Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases, 5 (Springer Dordrecht, 2010) 209-233.
[2]. J.R. Faleiro, A review of the issues and management of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) in coconut and date palm during the last one hundred years, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 26, 2006, 135–154.
[3]. O. Dembilio, J. A.Jacas, Basic bio-ecological parameters of the invasive Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Phoenix canariensis under Mediterranean climate, Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101, 2011, 153-163.
[4]. A. Wattanapongsiri, A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Department of Agriculture Science Bulletin, Bangkok, Thailand, 1, 1966,1-328.
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ABSTRACT: Rohu, Labeo rohita is a popular variety of major carps for its highly nourishing quality and prolonged freshness. An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C, E and zinc supplementation on growth and survivability of Labeo rohita. Four types of feed were used; Feed A as control feed, Feed B where basal feed supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 vitamin C and E with 10 mg kg-1 of zinc sulphate monohydrate, Feed C where basal feed supplemented with 500 mg kg-1 vitamin C and E with 10 mg kg-1 of zinc sulphate monohydrate, Feed D where basal feed supplemented with 1000 mg kg-1 vitamin C and E with 10 mg kg-1 of zinc sulphate monohydrate. One hundred twenty fish with an average weight of 225± 0.01 g were reared in twelve tanks to achieve four treatments with three replicates where each tank was provided with ten fishes. Significant increase in body weight increase (BWI), and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in fishes supplemented with the feed C compared to the other........
Key words:Labeo rohita, Growth performances, Survival, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Zinc
[1]. M.S.T Abbas, IPM of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus, in A. Ciancio, K. Mukerji (eds) Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests and Insect Borne Diseases, Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases, 5 (Springer Dordrecht, 2010) 209-233.
[2]. J.R. Faleiro, A review of the issues and management of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) in coconut and date palm during the last one hundred years, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 26, 2006, 135–154.
[3]. O. Dembilio, J. A.Jacas, Basic bio-ecological parameters of the invasive Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Phoenix canariensis under Mediterranean climate, Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101, 2011, 153-163.
[4]. A. Wattanapongsiri, A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Department of Agriculture Science Bulletin, Bangkok, Thailand, 1, 1966,1-328.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parity on some hematological, biochemical, mineral and hormonal parameters from the last 2 months of gestation up to 4 months post-partum in blood of Maghrebian She-Camels with different parities during breeding season under Egyptian condition. Total of 21 pregnant camels in late pregnancy were divided into 3 experimental groups (7 in each) according to parity order and age as the following: G1 (1-3 parities), G2 (4-6 parities) and G3 (7-9 parities). Blood plasma samples were collected at the beginning of 2 and 1 month before calving, at calving and end of 1, 2 and 3 months after calving to determined some hematological, biochemicals, mineral, hormonal parameters in blood plasma. Results showed that overall mean of all hematological parameters packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and count of red and white blood cells, uric acid concentration, K, Ca, P and Mg contents, E2 concentration decreased (P<0.05......
Key words: She-camel, hematology, blood biochemicals, leptin, parity, breeding season.
[1]. Abdelhamid, A.M., Abdel-Khalek, A.E., Ashmawy, T.A.M., Ammou, F.F.A. and El-Sanafawy, H.A. (2012). Effect of dietary inclusion of whole sunflower seed on feeding lacttaiong Zaraibi goats: III. On their blood profile. Animal Feed. Engormix. http://en.engormix.com.MA-feed-machinery/
[2]. Abdelrahman, M.M., Abo-Shehada, M.N., Mesanat, A. and Mukbel, R. (2002). The requirements of calcium by Awasi ewes at early lactation, Small Ruminant Res., 45: 101–107.
[3]. Abdul-Rahaman, Y.T., Shahooth, M.A. and Abid,S.Kh. (2015). Effect of months on levels of some biochemical parameters in blood of Iraqi female one- humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences Vol. (6) No. (2) 144-153.
[4]. Al-Azraqi, AA. (2007). Relationship of serum leptin concentration to fat deposition in slaughtered young camels. J. Anim. Vet. Advan., 6:16-19.
[5]. Al-Suhaimi, E., Abu-se'da, K. and Akbar, A. (2009). Relationship of leptin hormone with insulin and glucose in Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). J. Camel Pract. Res. 16, 201–207...
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ABSTRACT: Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease relevant to Public Health, since it is highly contagious to human beings and other animals. Felines are the most afflicted by de disease. There are different methods for diagnoses, as cytology, microbiological culture and fungal identification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histology exams. Treatment is based in oral administration of antifungal medicines, being association of itraconazole and potassium iodinethe main choice. The animal afflicted by the disease needs to be isolated from other animals as well as having the access to the animal restricted by only the ones who are medicating the patient. Castration needs to be performed in cats, so it will minimize fights and the super population. The purpose of this work was to perform a bibliographic...........
Key words: Sporotrichosis, feline, antifungal..
[1]. D. F. S., Freitas, Avaliação de fatores epidemiológicos, micológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos associados à esporotricose. doctoral diss. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 2014.
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[3]. C. A.Driscoll, J.C. Brock, A. C. Kitchener, S. J. Brien,The Taming of the cat. Genetic and archaeological findings hint that wildcats became housecats earlier--and in a different place--than previously thought. Scientific American, 300(6), 2009, 68-75.
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[5]. S. A. Pereira, I. D. F. Gremião, A. A. B. Kitada, J. S. Boechat, P. G. Viana, T. M. P. Schubach, The epidemiologicalscenariooffelinesporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.47(3),2014, 392-393.
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ABSTRACT: This study was set up to investigate the effect of irrigation using mini-sprinkler on mineral fertilizers use efficiency, vegetative growth, fruit yield and fruit quality of apple trees in sandy soil. This target was achieved by using drip irrigation compared to irrigation with one, two and three mini sprinklers. The study also examined the nutrients content of apple leaves and fruits especially nitrogen and potassium which are considered one of the most mobility nutrients in soil(especially sand soil)and hence exposure to the loss by leaching. So four alternative combinations of both nutrients (Nitrogen and potassium) were used i.e. 75/100/75, 100/100/75, 75/100/100 and 100/100/100% of N/P/K recommended dose (RD) i.e. 650/150/600 g/tree. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replicates where the irrigation was the main plot and the mineral fertilization was the sub plot. The obtained .........
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