IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-8 ~ AUG-2017

ABSTRACT: With conservation agriculture (CA), crop production is not only primarily concerned with the production of food and industrial crops. Attention is geared towards crop production in an environmentally sustainable manner. Conservation agriculture which brings the environment to bear during crop production is challenged with weed problems that reduce agricultural productivity when not checked. Adoption of any compactible physical, biological or chemical weed management strategy to the existing cultural weed management of CA fulfils the multiple tactics of integrated weed management.............

Keywords: Integrated weed management

[1]. Adebisi, S., Adekiya, A., & Ojeniyi, S. (2016). Study into tillage-mulch package for production of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) effect on soil properties and yield. Scientia Agriculturae, 15(2), 361-366.
[2]. Akobundu, I. O. (1992). Integrated weed management techniques to reduce soil degradation. Proceedings of the First International Weed Control Congress, 278-284.
[3]. Akobundu, I. O., & Deutsch, A. E. (1983). No-tillage crop production in the Tropics; proceedings of a Symposium held Aug. 6-7, 1981 at Monrovia, Liberia.
[4]. Aladesanwa, R., & Ayodele, O. (2011). Weed control in the long-fruited jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) with paraquat alone and in combination with glyphosate at varying doses including their effects on its growth, development, yield and nutritional quality in Southwestern Nigeria. Applied Triopical Agriculture, 15(1&2), 65-75.
[5]. Bahadur, S., Verma, S., Prasad, S., & Madane, A. (2015). Eco-friendly weed management for sustainable crop production-A review. Journal Crop and Weed, 11(1), 181-189.

ABSTRACT: Trypanosomes are flagellated protozoa that belong to the genus Trypanosoma, they cause diseases that are generally referred to as trypanosomiasis. Trypanosomiasis is identified by World Health Organization (WHO) as a neglected tropical disease; of which the clinical manifestation depends on the host and the infecting species. In this study, we investigated trypanosome infection in Bokkos LGA of Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Bokkos LGA of Plateau State. Specifically, to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis using conventional parasite detection and nucleic acid detection methods, and also to characterize.............

Keywords: Trypanosome, Bokkos, Nigeria, Bovine

[1]. WHO. The 17 Neglected Tropical Diseases. http://www.who.inf/neglecteddisease/diseases/erl. Accessed 18/12/2016
[2]. Shaw APM, Cecchi G, Wint GRW, Mattoh RC, Robinson PT (2014). Mapping the Economic Benefits to Livestock keepers from intervening against Bovine Trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa.
[3]. Dede P. M, Omoogun G. A, Uzoigwe N. R, Njoku C. I, Daniel A. D, and Dadah A. J. Current tsetse and trypanosomiasis situation on the Plateau, Nigeria: Epidemiological factors that may enhance disease acquisition and spread. Revelation Delevage Medicine veterinary Pays. Tropicaux. 2005; 58: 25-32.
[4]. Picozzi K, Tilley A, Fevre E. M, Coteman P. G, Magona J. W, Odiit M, Eisler, M. C and Welburn S. C. The diagnosis of trypanosome infections: applications of novel technology for reducing disease risk. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2002; 1 (2): 39-45.
[5]. Gonzales, J, Loza, A, Chacon, E. Sensitivity of different trypanosome vivax specific primers for the diagnosis of livestock trypanosomiasis using different DNA extraction methods .Veterinary Parasitology. 2006; 136: 119-126.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rice mill processing wastes on soil quality in Abakaliki. Four replicate soil samples were collected from T1 = 1 m away from unburnt rice husk disposal site; T2 = 200 m away from unburnt rice husk disposal site; T3 = 400 m away from unburnt rice husk disposal site and T4 = Control (Non-dumpsite). The samples collected were used for the determination of selected soil properties. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and differences between mean dictated using F-LSD. The results showed that rice husk significantly.............

Keywords: Environment, nutrient, recycles and wastes

[1]. Adeleye, E.O. Ayeni, L.S. and Ojeniyi, S.O. (2010). Effect of Poultry Manure on Soil Physico- Chemical Properties, Leaf Nutrient Contents and Yield of Yam (Dioscorearotundata) on alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria. J. Am. Sci. 6(10): 956 – 959.
[2]. Anikwe M.A.N. (2000). Amelioration of a Heavy Clay Loam Soil with Rice Husk Dust and its Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield. Bioresources Technology. 74:169- 173.
[3]. Bremner J.M. and Mulvaney C.S. (1982). Nirogen total. In: Page A., et. al. (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 595 – 624.
[4]. Chapman H.D. (1982). Total Exchangeable Bases. In C.A. black (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 11: ASA Madison, Wisconsin; 902 – 904.

ABSTRACT: Field experiment was carried out to evaluate the soil physical properties and yield of cucumber as influenced by biochar, wood ash and rice husk dust application in Abakaliki Southeastern Nigeria at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki in 2016. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatments used were as follows: T0 = Control (0 t ha-1), T1 = Biochar (5 t ha-1), T2 = Wood Ash (5 t ha-1), T3 = Rice Husk Dust (5 t ha-1). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance and significant difference between mean dictated...........

Keywords: Amendment, degradation, improvement, parameter

[1]. Adekayode, F.O. and Olojugba, M.R. (2010). The utilization of wood ash as manure to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer to improve performance of maize (zea mays L.) as measured in the chlorophyll content and grain yield. Journal of soil science and Environmental management, vol. 1(3): pp 40-45.
[2]. Adenawonuola, A.R. and Adejoro, S.A. (2005). Residual effect of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer residues on soil nutrient and performance of Jute (Corchorusohtorus). Nigerian Journal of soil sciences, 15: 133 – 135.
[3]. Atkinson, C.J., Fitzgerald, J.D. and Hipps, N.A. (2010). Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a Review. Plant and soil 337: 1-18.
[4]. Anikwe , M. A.N. (2000). Amelioration of a heavy clay loam with rice husk dust and its effect on soil physical properties and maize yield.Bioresourse Technology. 74:169 – 173.
[5]. Blake, G.R. and Hartage, K. H. (1986). Bulk Density In: Klute (ED). Methods of soil Analysis part 1; American Society of Agronomy Vol. 9: 365 – 375.

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted at the experiment field in Crop Science Department – College of Agriculture – Univ. of Baghdad in AL- Jadirya during the spring season of 2017 to identify the effect of the herbicides: 2,4-d with three concentrations (150 gm active substance/ donum-1 , 200 gm active substance /donum-1 and 250 gm active substance/ donum-1 ) , Glyphosate with three concentrations also (0.50 Lt.donum-1 , 1 Lt.donum-1 and 1.50 Lt.donum-1 ) on the control of settled licorice plant in the agricultural fields. The experiment was applied by randomized completely blocked design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that 2,4-d at concentration of 150 gm.donum-1 was advanced..........

Keywords: Licorice, 2,4-d, Glyphosate

[1]. Al-Baldawi , M.H. and M.A. Al-Naqeeb (2011). Weeds and control methods. Practical part. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Univ. of Baghdad, College of Agriculture. Pp 278.
[2]. Al-Chalabi, F.T.(1988). Biological Interaction Between Growth Regulating Substances and Herbicide in Weed Conrtol. Ph.D Thesis University of Walas. UK. pp. 204
[3]. Chakaravarty,hl.(1976) plant wealth of Iraq .minstry of agriculture and agrarian reform. Baghdad .Iraq .pp259
[4]. Ciba-Giegy agrochemicals division (1975) Field trials manual .ciba-giegy ,S.A. Basle, Swizerland.
[5]. Gianessi ,L. (2009) Solving Africa,s weed problem : increasing crop production and improving the lives of women .crop protection research institute. pp35

ABSTRACT: Crotalaria brevidens is a medicinal delicious African vegetable with leaves that have a very bitter-sweet taste due to the presence phytochemicals compounds. Sufficient knowledge for farmers on the effect of planting depth on seed germination and emergence was very scarce before this study in comparison to other vegetables; therefore this study was initiated to show the effect of planting depth on germination and emergence of seeds. Experiments were mounted in Maseno University botany laboratory and green house located at the university botanic garden. Its geographical coordinates are 0 1'0'' S, 34 36'0'N at an altitude is 1503 meters above sea level. C. brevidens seeds were bought from the market, viability of the seeds tested at a temperature between 25°C - 29°C. Seeds were sterilized...........

Keyword: Crotolaria, emergence, germination, growth, seed, vegetable,

[1]. Chweya JA., Identification and nutritional importance of indigenous green leafy vegetables in Kenya. Acta Horticulturae 153 (1985): 99–108.
[2]. Opande GT. , Musyimi DM. and Mutembei JK; "Antimicrobial effects of leaf and root extracts of Crotalaria brevidens on Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli" In; International Journal of Pharmaceutical science Invention 6 (6) (June 2017) 33-40
[3]. Abukutsa-Onyango Mary; Response of slenderleaf (Crotalaria brevidens benth) to inorganic nitrogen application In African journal of food agriculture nutrition and development, 7 (3), 2007
[4]. Okeno JA, Chebet DK and Mathenge PW. Status of indigenous vegetables in Kenya. Acta Hort. (2003); 621: 95-100.
[5]. Mohammad A. Asgharipour; Effects of planting depth on germination and emergence of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) In Asia journal of Agricultural sciences 3(6) (2011): 459-461.

ABSTRACT: The proximate composition of samples of smoke dried Synodontismembranacea subjected to different preservative methods of salting and frozen. Frozen involves leaving the samples in a functional deep freezer which was supplied at -40C constant electricity for seven days, while salting involved the immersions of the samples in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. The protein and fat contents for frozen samples were lowered, as thus10.04+0.13 and 20.14+0.08 respectively, compared with those obtained for salted samples (12.41+0.08 and15.46+0.12).But the frozen samples had the higher moisture content of 59.21+0.13. Highly significant difference (P<0.001) existed among the different preservative method in terms of proximate composition.

Keywords: Proximate composition; preservative; Synodontis membranacea.

[1]. Abolagba, O. J. (2006). The use of pesticides in preservation of smoked-dried fish in Nigeria, Phd Thesis. University of Benin City, Nigeria 190pp.
[2]. Abolagba, O. J., Omoruyi, K. and Ajiwoni, K. M. (2015).Effects of smoking on the nutritional Qualities of Wild Synodontisclarias and CultureClariasgariepinus in Delta and Edo State, Nigeria Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment.Vol. 11(2):Pp46-52.
[3]. Adebayo-Tayo, B. C. Onilude,A. A. and Patrick, U. G. (2008).Mycoflora of Smoke-Dried Fishes soldin Uyo, Eastern Nigeria.World Journal of Agriculture Science.4(3); 346-350pp.
[4]. Adegunwa, M. O., Adebowale, A. A., Oslias, Z. G. and Bakare, H. A. (2013).Chemical and Microbiological Qualities of Smoked herring (Sardinellaeba, valenciennes 1847) in Odeda, Ogun State, Nigeria.International Journal of Microbiology Research and Reviews,Vol.1(5) 085-087.
[5]. Adebowale, B. A., Dongo, L. N., Jayeola, C. O. and Orisajo, S. B. (2008). Comparative Quality Assessment of Fish ((Clariasgariepinus) smoked with cocoa pod and three other different smoking materials. Journal of Food Technology, 6:5-8.

ABSTRACT: Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most widely distributed fungi throughout the world, it is a soil inhabiting fungus of which several strains are known to exist, It is a known phytopathogen of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms Laubach) a floating aquatic weed invasive in the Winam gulf (L. Victoria) that has created a serious weed problem. In the Winam gulf little information pertaining to R. solani occurrence and pathogenicity existed before this study, therefore this study was initiated to provide knowledge on this phytopathogen. Surveys were conducted along the shoreline of the Winam gulf along an area stretching from the Kisumu pier, Kusa and Kendu bay...........

Keywords: Mycelium, pathogenicity, water hyacinth, biological control, weed, isolation

[1]. J.C Walker. Plant Pathology, TMH publishing company limited.N.Y (1956).
[2]. GT Opande ; Distribution of the water hyacinth {Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms.), its carpet characteristics, some of its diseases and pests in the Winam gulf of Lake Victoria. Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya (2002)
[3]. DL Murray A modified procedure of fruiting Rhizoctonia solani on agar, In Translations of the British Mycological Society Cambridge University Press 79 (1) (1982) Pp. 129-135.
[4]. HJ Hudson Fungal Biology, Edward Arnold (publishers) LTD, London (1986)
[5]. R. Charudattan, R; Pathogens for biological control of the water hyacinth. In; Strategies for water hyacinth control, FAO Report (1995). Pp. 189-200

ABSTRACT: Sorghum is an important crop for Kenya's food security. Kenya produced 140000 tons of sorghum in 2016 but suffered post-harvest losses of about 5000 tons during threshing. A prototype sorghum thresher was therefore fabricated to address this problem and effect of drum diameter and drum peripheral speed on the thresher performance studied. The performance tests were conducted at three levels of peripheral drum speeds (8 m s-1, 10 m s-1and 12 m s-1 ) and three levels of drum diameter (200 mm, 300 mm and 400 mm) using a Randomized Block Design with three replications in each treatment. The results indicated that increasing drum diameter, increased threshing efficiency as well as percentage mechanical grain damaged. The throughput per unit power consumption increased with increase...............

Keywords: Diameter, efficiency, sorghum, speed, throughput

[1] N. H. Muna, U. S. Muhammed, A. M. El-Okente and M. Isiaka, Perfomance Evaluation Of A Modified I.A.R. multicrop thresher, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7 (11), 2016, 1107 – 1116
[2] Ministry of Agriculture. The Annual Report, Crop Development Division, Kenya, 2012
[3] A Agrama, and M. R. Tuinstra, Phylogenetic Diversity and relationships among sorghum accessions using SSRs and RAPDs. Afric. J. Biotech, 2(10), 2003, 334 – 340.
[4] M. B. Gerda and D. V. Christopher, Can GM Sorghum Impact Africa? Trends in Biotechnology; 26 (2), 2007, 64 – 69.

ABSTRACT: The use of microbial innoculum oil formulations has shown great promise for enhancing the efficacy of fungal agents that show potential as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. When used in mycoherbicide formulation, oil encloses the moisture lost from the leaves, which provide the moist micro climate necessary for infection. The innundative ability of this phytopathogen using three oil types (i.e. petroleum oil (mineral in origin), corn oil (in vegetative tissue) and glycerol (occurring in animal tissue) having been confirmed, a new study was initiated at the Maseno University..............

Keywords: Biocontrol, efficacy, mycoherbicide, oil formulations, zonate leaf spot, fungicide

[1] Opande G. O.; Distribution of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), its carpet characteristics, some of its diseases and studies of their causative agents in the Winam gulf (L. Victoria). Doctoral diss. Maseno University Maseno, Kenya.
[2] Charudattan, R.; The Mycoherbicide Approach with plant pathogens; Microbial control of weeds. (1991) 27-41
[3] Opande G., Mutebi C., Arama P. F., Innundative biocontrol of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Laubach) using zonate leaf spot (Acremonium zonatum Sawada Gams) fungal agent. Journal of Agriculture and veterinary sciences 6(3)69-71
[4] Womack, G. J., Gillian M. E. and Burge M. N. 2002. A vegetable oil based inert emulsion for mycoherbicide delivery. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde, The Todd Centre, 31 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 ONR, U.K.
[5] Fernandez, C. and Juncosa R.; Biopesticides: agriculture of the future Phytomer; 141: 14-19.

ABSTRACT: Crop-weed competition may be critical in low fertility soil. A study was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan to determine the rate of nitrogen fertilizer for kenaf growth and weeds suppression. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments viz. 0 N kg ha-1 weed-free, 0 N kgha-1 weedy control, 60, 80, 100 and 120 N kg ha-1 replicated three times. Results showed that core fibre yield was highest in 60 N kgha-1 and 80 N kgha-1 plots in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Conversely, weedy control accounted for about 51% and 36% reduction in core fibre yield in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Maximum bast fibre was recorded in plots treated with 120 N kgha-1 and 100 N kg ha-1 in 2013 and 2014 correspondingly..............

Keywords: Weed weight, weed control, N fertilizer and kenaf components yield

[1]. Abdul-Khalil, P. P. S., Yugra, A. F. I., Bhat, A. H. and Juwaid, M. (2010). Cell wall of kenaf fibre. Industrial Crops and Products 31: 113 – 121.
[2]. Adamson, W.C., F.L. Long, and M.O. Bagby. 1979. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, composition, and quality of kenaf. Agronomy Journal 71:11–14.
[3]. Agbaje, G. O., Saka, J. O., Adegbile, A. A. and Adeyeye, O. O. (2008). Influence of agronomic practices on yield and profitability in kenaf. Journal of Biotechnology 7 (5): 505 – 574.
[4]. Akobundu, I.O (1987). Weed Science in the Tropics: Principle and Practices, John Wiley and Sons, London, 1987.
[5]. Akobundu, I. O. and C.W. Agwakwa (1998): A Handbook of West African Weeds. 2nd Edition

ABSTRACT: Expansion Of Potato Plant In Medium Plain Has Geographical Obstacles Concerning With Its Characteristics Of Which Requires A Relatively Low Temperature During Growth Stage, Especially At Tuber Formation Which Requires The Optimum Temperature Of 180 Oc. Escalating Temperatures Imply A Greater Rate Of Gibberellin Synthesis In Leave Bud And Stolon Tip, And Indicating A Modification Of Stolon Into Tuber Is Impaired. Apart From That, Planting Of The Potato In Medium Plain Requires Adaptive Variety Which Can Tolerate High Temperature And Drought Stress. The Main Of Objective Research Was To Find Out Potato Variety Which Was Relatively More Adaptive To High Temperature In The Medium Plains..............

Keywords: Potato, Medium Plains, Variety, Morphological Characters, Temperature

[1]. Amadi, C.O., E.E. Obong, J.C. Okonkwo, and A.K. Danbaba. 2008. Evaluation of some potato hybrids and their parents in a location with supra-optimal temperatures. PAT, 4(2):38-52
[2]. Asandhi, A. A., dan N. Gunadi. 2006. Syarat Tumbuh Tanaman Kentang. Dalam Buku Tahunan Hortikultura, Seri : Tanaman Sayuran. Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura. Jakarta.
[3]. Asgar, A. dan Kusdibyo, 1997. Pengaruh varietas dan umur panen terhadap kualitas umbi kentang (Solanum tuberosum) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kripik kentang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Pangan. Kantor Mentri Negara Urusan Pangan Republik Indonesia.
[4]. Asmamaw, Y and Tekalign, T. 2010. Specific Gravity, Dry matter Concentration, pH, and Crisp-Making Potential of Ethiopian Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars as Influenced by Growing Environment and Length of Storage Under Ambient Conditions. Potato Research, 53: 95-109.
[5]. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. Prediksi kebutuhan kentang per kapita. Melalui http://www.bps.go.id (12/01/2012)

ABSTRACT: This work examined response of Masakwa cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to root knot nematode (Meloidogynejavanica) in the screen house of Crop Protection Department, ModibboAdama University of Technology, Yola. It was to find out the effect of M. javanica on growth and transplanting age of the Masakwa cultivars. Six cultivars of Masakwa were collected from Borno and Adamawa States farmers and they are named as Exbama1, Exbama2 and Exbama3 in Borno State while ExDamare1, Ex-Damare2 and Ex-Damare3 in Adamawa State. All the six cultivars were planted in 15cm diameter pots containing sterilized soil. Each cultivar was planted in two pots..............

[1]. Ambassa-Kiki, R. Aboubakar, Y. and Boulama, T. (1996). Zero-Tillage for Rice Production on Cameroon Vertisols Soils and Tillage Research 39(1):75-84.
[2]. Carsky, R. I., Ndikawa, R. Singh, L. and Rao, M. R. (1995).Response of Dry Season Sorghum to Supplemental irrigation and fertilizer N and P on Vertisols in Northern Cameroon. Agricultural Water Management 1995: 28(1): 1-8.
[3]. Carsky, R. J. (1993). Survey of chemical characteristics of top soil (0-30cm) in dry sorghum fields.TLU Technical Note No. 10. National Cereals Researches and Extensions Project, Institute of Agronomic Researches, Marova, Cameroon.
[4]. Djonneiva, A. and Dangi, O. P. (1999).Improvement of Transplanted Sorghum.In Proceedings of the Third Regional Sorghum Workshop 20-23 September, 1999.Marowa, Cameroon PP. 48-62.
[5]. Dover, K. K. H. Wang and R. Masorley (2015).Nematode Management Using Sorghum and Relatives.ENY 716 Series of Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension Publications PP 6.

ABSTRACT: In Kirinyaga County, dairy cattle production is one of the most important agricultural activities practiced by the smallholder farmers, who own between one and three acres of land. The aim of this study was to document challenges faced by farmers in the County. Epidemiological data was collected using a questionnaire survey administered to 244 respondents. The study revealed that 60% of the cows produced between 1- 4 litres of milk and those who produced over 8 litres per day were 25 %. The farmers who sold their milk to the neighbors could only sell about 4 litres per day and they were the majority (87%). Those who sold over 8 litres to the neighbors accounted for..............

Keywords: Worm awareness, Production practices, cattle husbandry and management

[1]. GoK (Government of Kenya). Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: 2010-2020. Republic of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. 2010.
[2]. Alila, P. O. and Atieno, R. Agricultural Policy in Kenya: Issues and Processes. Nairobi: Future Agriculture. 2006.
[3]. SDP (Smallholder Dairy Project). The uncertainty of cattle numbers in Kenya. SDP Policy Brief No. 10. Smallholder Dairy (R&D) Project. 2005.
[4]. Mbogoh, S. G, Dairy development and internal dairy marketing in sub-Saharan Africa. Performance, policies and options. LPU working Pap. No. 5, International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1984.
[5]. Muriuki, H.G. FAO. Dairy development in Kenya, Rome. 2011.
[6]. Dairy industry in Kenya, Export Processing Zones Authority –Kenya, 2005.

ABSTRACT: In this study aimed to investigate dental disorders of goats. The study was performed on 100 goat cadaver heads and 100 goats. In Group I; goat cadaver heads (n=100) were examined at the slaughter house on Elazig city in Turkey. In Group II; It was performed oral examination of goats (n=100) in Firat University Animal Hospital and farms. The most prevalent dental abnormalities were overgrown or abnormally erupted and loss of the incisor teeth, excessive transverse ridging of the occlusal surface, occulusal wear, excessive occlusal points, the presence of diastemata, gingival recession and peridontal pocketing, missing teeth, molar root abscessation in cadaver heads...............

Keywords: Dental, disorder, goat, loss, production.

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[2]. P L Wolff, Geriatric small ruminants – how to keep them healthy and happy, The North American Veterinary Conference, 2007.
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[4]. AL Ridler and DM West, Examination of teeth in sheep health management, Small Ruminant Research, 92, 2010, 92-95.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to provide information for different honey types (multifloral, mixed eucalyptus, wild flower, and thyme) produced in Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand and Thailand, based on physicochemical parameters (including colour), volatile compounds, and antioxidant activity. For this purpose, five commercial honeys were collected during harvesting year 2015-2016. Physicochemical parameters (EC, ash, pH, moisture, FA, LA, L/FA, salinity, TDS) were determined using official methods of analysis, while colour attributes and antioxidant capacity were determined using CIE recommendations and spectrophotometric assays, respectively..............

Keywords: Commercial honey; physicochemical parameters; volatiles; colour intensity; radical scavenging activity; characterization

[1]. G. Beretta, P. Granata, M. Ferrero, M. Orioli, and R.M. Facino, Standardization of antioxidant properties of honey by a combination of spectrophotometric/fluorimetric assays and chemometrics, Analytica Chimica Acta, 533, 2005, 185–191.
[2]. I.K. Karabagias, E. Dimitriou, S. Kontakos, and M.G. Kontominas, Phenolic profile, colour intensity, and radical scavenging activity of Greek unifloral honeys, European Food Research and Technology, 242(8), 2016, 1201–1210.
[3]. J.M. Sousa, E.L. de Souza, G. Marques, B. Meireles Â.T. de Magalhães Cordeiro, B. Gullón, M. M. Pintado, and M. Magnani, Food Research International, 84, 2016, 61–68.
[4]. M. Marinova, K. Gurgulova, G. Kalinova, and H. Daskalov, Content of some heavy metals in Bulgarian honeydew honey, Trakia Journal of Sciences, 13(2), 2015, 296-302.
[5]. S.M. Kadri , R. Zaluski, G.P.Pereira Lima, P. Mazzafera, and R. de Oliveira Orsi, Characterization of Coffea arabica monofloral honey from Espírito Santo, Brazil, Food Chemistry, 203, 2016, 252–257