Volume-8 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2015

Abstract: Endometriosis a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, is among one of the most challenging of the 21st century that affects women in reproductive age. Seventy five consecutive married women endometriotic patients with age range (25-40) year were enrolled in this study , divided into three groups , the first included (25) newly diagnosed endometriotic patients ( without any treatment) , the second consisted of twenty five endometriotic patients who were treated with zoladex for 3 to 5 months , the third involved twenty five patients with recurrent endometriosis (post treatment of zoladex) for one to two years ago .

[1]. Dunselman , G. ; Vermeulen , N. ; Becher , C. ; Calher- Jorge , C. ; Hooghe , T. ; Bie , B. ; Heikinheimo , O. ; Horne , A. ; Kiesel , L.; Nap , A. ; Prentine , A. ; Saridogau , E. ; Soriano , D. and Nelson , W. (2014). ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Human Reproduction Journal , 0(0):1-13.
[2]. Arnold , J. , Mechsner , S. , Schneider , A. & Arellano , M. (2013). Neuroendocrinology and immune function. Journal of Brain , Behavior and Immunity , 29 ,S10- S13.
[3]. Estrade , C. , Arellano , M. , Schneider , A. &Mechsner , S. (2013).Neuroimmunmodulation in the pathogenesis endometriosis . Journal of Brain , Behavior and Immunity,29,S2-S9.
[4]. Pillet , L., Schneider , A. ; Borghese , B. et al.(2012). Deep infilterating endometriosis is associated with markedly lowerbody mass index : a 476 case – control study. Human Reproduction Journal , 27(1):265-272.
[5]. Pollard , J .(2011) . Endometriosis Finding help for pain &pregnancy. Health Hints Journal , 15(2):1-7.
[6]. Suresh ,P. , Venkatesh , T. , Rajan , T. &Tsutsumi , R .(2010). Molecular Pathology and therapy of endometriosis : Revisited . Andrology& Gynecology Journal , 1(3):1-7.

Abstract: Simple, sensitive, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of five drugs viz., Alfuzocin (ALF), Atrovastatin (ATV), Citalopram(CIT), Cetrizine(CET) and Duloxetine (DUL) were developed. The method for each drug depends upon oxidation of drugs by Ce (IV) (Excess) and estimating the amount of un reacted Ce (IV) by Rhodamine-B dye at 520 nm. The calibration curves obeyed Beer's law over the concentration range of 12-96μg mL-1 (ALF), 14-120 μg mL-1 (ATV), 15-135μg mL-1 (CIT), 16-144 μg mL-1 (CET), & 10-70 μg mL-1 (DUL). The methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of ICH and have been applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.

[1]. Radha, G. V; Santosh Naidu, M. Design of transdermal films of alfuzocin HCl by using a natural polymer tamarind seed polysaccharide extract. Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 5 (3), 2013, 457-464.
[2]. Safwan Ashour, M.; Fawaz Chehna, and Roula Bayram. Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin HCl in Pharmaceutical Formulations with some Sulphonephthalein Dyes. Int J Biomed Sci., 2(3), 2006,273–278.
[3]. D. Ravikumar , S.V.M. Vardhan, D. Ramachandran and C. Rambabu. Development of new spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations, Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 24(2), 2008, 725-728.
[4]. Kanchan Chauhan. First and Second Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Dosage. American journal of pharmacy and health research, 2(7), 2014, 291-98.
[5]. Mona M. Abdel-Moety, Nagiba Y.M. Hassan, Samar G. Abdel-Hamid, Abdel-Aziz A. Abdel-Aleem. Spectrophotometric and Potentiometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Doxazosin Mesylate in Drug Substances and Drug products. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(5), 2014, 2875-2886.

Abstract: In this study, synthesis of novel β-Lactam derivative comprising of 7-ADCA and NEPA-NCA [(R)- ethyl 2-(((S)-4-methyl-2,5-dioxo oxazolidin-3-yl)methyl)-4-phenylbutanoate]is disclosed. The synthesis of intended compound has been characterized and confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass.
Key words: β-Lactam, NEPA-NCA, 7-ADCA

[1]. Shrivastava, Sarita; Ranjan, Amulya; Tripathi, Niraj Kumar; "Synthesis of novel β-Lactam derivative and it's application." IOSR
Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) Volume 7, Issue 7 Ver. I. (July. 2014), PP 16-20.
[2]. Mehta, Goverdhan; Singh, Vishwakarma in Chemical Society Reviews (2002), 31(6), 324-334
[3]. Singh, Girij Pal; Wani, Mukesh Jagannath; Lande, Hemraj Mahadeorao; Jain, Adinath Murlidhar; WO 2006085332 A1
[4]. Wang, Lixin; Li, Xianguo; Cai, Zegui; Wang, Wen; Tian, Fang; CN 101024630 A
[5]. Ku, Dae Ho; Baek, Yeong Chan; Shin, Yong Bong; KR 2010004315 A
[6]. Joshi, Narendra Shriram; Bhirud, Shekhar Bhaskar; Ramam, Buddhavarapu Pattabhi; Bodkhe, Arjun Rajaram;
IN 2004MU01060 A

Abstract: Green synthesis of tetrahydropyranylation of phenols has been developed in the presence of water and triethylamine as catalyst. The protocol allows different phenols into tetrahydropyranyl ethers in good to excellent yields. Phenols carrying electron-withdrawing groups respond well in this procedure.

Keywords: Tetrahydroyranylation, Phenols, Triethylamine, Protection, Organic catalyst.

[1]. Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999.
[2]. (a)Corey, E. J.; Niwa, H.; Knolle, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 1942-1943; (b) Bernady, K. F.; Floyd, M. B.; Poletto, J. F.; Weiss, M. J. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1438–1447.
[3]. Alper, H.; Dinkes, L. Synthesis 1972, 2, 81.
[4]. Ramu, B. C.; Saha, M. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 8269–8270.
[5]. Naik, S.; Gopinath, R.; Patel, B. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7679–7681.

Abstract: Two manganese(II) carbodithioates, i.e. [Mn(4-MPipzcdtH)2](X)2 and two manganese(III) carbodithioates of the type [Mn2(4-MPipzcdtH)6(O2)2](X)4 (4-MPipzcdtH = 4-methylpipearzine-1-carbodithioic acid and X = ClO4, Cl) have been prepared. These have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, infrared and electronic absorption spectral and room temperature as well as variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Manganese(II) complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. Antiferromagnetic interactions through superoxo bridge have been proposed for temperature dependent magnetic behaviour of manganese(III) complexes..

[1]. Willemse, J.; Cras, J.A.; Steggerda, J.J.; Keizzers, C.P. Structure and Bonding; 28, 83 1976.
[2]. Coucouvanis, D. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry; 11, Lippard, S.J., Ed. Wiley: New York, 1970.
[3]. The Merck Index, 6th edn., Merck and Co.: Inc. New York, 1951.
[4]. Kalia, S.B.; Kaushal, G.; Sharma, D.K.; Verma, B.C. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Nano-Met. Chem. 2005, 35, 181.
[5]. Bonati, F.; Ugo, R. J. Organomet. Chem. 1967, 10, 257.
[6]. Pradhan, B.; Ramana Rao, D.V. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 1981, LVIII, 733.

Abstract: The effect of pyridine on the acid corrosion of mild steel was studied by gravimetric technique at 8, 12 and 24 hours respectively. The corrosion parameters, corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency (I %) and weight loss were calculated. Inhibition efficiency ranges from 36% to 97%. Pyridine is present as a free base and the lone pair of electrons on the Nitrogen atom, is more readily available for coordination with ion. Thus the primary adsorption phenomenon between the metal surface and pyridine is a weak ion-pair formation. There is d π –p π interaction between the delocalized π -electron of pyridine and vacant d-orbital's of the metal atoms.

[1]. Daniel Minzari, Morten S,Jellesen, per Moller, Ray Ambat, Corrosion Science Journal, Volume 53, Issue 10, October 2011 pages 4-10
[2]. M. Lebrini, F.Robert, H.Verzin, C.Roos, International Journal of Corrosion Science, Volume 52, Issue10 October 2010, Page 3367-3376
[3]. Kaesche H, Hackerman N, Journal of Electrochemical Sciences, volume 4, page 105(2005)
[4]. Hackerman N and Hund R.M,proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Metallic Corrosion, London(1961) pg 166.
[5]. Anarnath Maitra, Gurmeet Singh and Ramesh Kuman Kaushik, Proceeding 8th International Congress on Metallic Corrosion Volume 11, Page 1239 (1981)
[6]. Landolt Dieter: Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metal. EPFL Press, 2007

Abstract: Polymer Coated ZnO with chitosan nanocatalyst was synthesized with a 0.2:0.2:0.4 molar ratios of polymer and chitosan to ZnO using microwave hydrothermal method. Using Polymer Coated ZnO with chitosan nanocatalyst as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from synthetic waste water showed very good adsorption ability as compared to ordinary ZnO, individual polymer and polymer-ZnO samples. The decolorization adsorption efficiency was determined to reach 98.01% within 90 mins. In order to determine the maximum sorption capacity of the sample, various parameters such as pH, initial concentration and dosage of the catalyst used and time of contact. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second order reaction kinetics.
Keywords: Adsorption, Catalysis, Methylene blue and Kinetics

[1]. Curri, M. L., Comparelli, R., Cozzoli, P. D., Mascolo, G. & Agostiano, A.. Colloidal Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes. Mater. Sci. Eng. (2003) C.23. 285-289.
[2]. Chen, T., Zheng, Y., Lin, J.M. & Chen, G. Study on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in water using Ag/ZnO as catalyst by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. Journal Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. (19) (2008) 997-1003.
[3]. Herrmann JM, Duchamp C, Karkmaz M, Hoai BT, Lachheb H, Puzenat E, Guillard C Environmental green chemistry as defined by photocatalysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials 146: (2007) 624–629.
[4]. Sánchez-Muñoz S, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Gómez-Ruiz S Syntesis and photocatalytic applications of nano-sized zinc-doped mesoporous titanium oxide. Mater Res Bull 48: (2013)250–255.
[5]. Rajiv Gandhi, M., G. Kousalya, et al. "Removal of copper (II) using chitin/chitosan nano-hydroxyapatite composite." International journal of biological macromolecules 48(1): (2011). 119-124.

Abstract: Mormodica balsamina linn is one of the medicinal plants used in Nigeria by the herbalists for the treatment of different ailments. Despite its rich pharmacological potential, so far it has not been scientifically evaluated. Hence in this study, the phytochemicals from the Mormodica balsamina seeds were extracted with ethanol and subjected to GC/MS analysis and the identification of compounds were done by comparing the chromatogram, peak value of the unknown compound with entries in NIST database.

1]. Aparna, V., Dileep, K.V., Mandal, P.K., Karthe, P., Sadasivan, C. and Haridas, M. (2012). Anti-inflammatory property of n- hexadecanoic acid : structural evidence and kinetic assessment. John Wiley & Sons A/S. Pp 1-2.
[2]. Bako, Shera S. and Uchegbu, Rosemary I. (2014). Nutritional and Phytochemical compositions of leaves of Momordica balsamina (linn) used in herbal medicine in Northern Nigeria. Proceeding of Chemical Society of Nigeria.
[3]. Ban J.O., Hwang IG., Kim TM., Hwang BY., Lee US., Jeong HS., Yoon YW., Kimz DJ., Hong JT. 2007. Anti-proliferate and pro-apoptotic effects of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyranone through inactivation of NF-kappaB in human colon cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 30(11):1455-63.
[4]. Bandeira, S.O., Gaspar, F. and Pagula, F.P (2001). African ethanobotany and health care: Emphasis on Mozambique Pharmaceutical Biology, 39:70 – 73.

Abstract: Four simple, sensitive and accurate methods(I, II, III and IV) for the quantitative estimation of Isoxsuprine in both pure and pharmaceuticals have been developed, optimized and validated. Method I is based on the interaction of the drug (Isoxsuprine) with TCNE,whereas Method II on that with p-chloranil, while Method III on the same with iodine to form ion pair charge transfer complexes. The anionsof these reagents absorb attheir characteristic wavelengths (TCNE – 400nmand 420nm,p-chloranil –346nmand iodide - 366nm) whose absorbance linearly varies with the concentration of the drug and forms a basis for its estimation. Method IV is based on the interaction of the drug with bromothymol blue(BTB)to form chloroform extractable ion pair complex which absorbs maximally at 415nm whose absorbance also linearly varies with the concentration of the drug and forms a basis for its estimation.

[1]. Marzo, D. Zava, K. Coa, L. Dal Bo, S. Ismaili, S. Tavazzi,and V. Cantoni, Arzneimittelforschung, 59 (2009:455–460.
[2]. The United States Pharmacopoeia XXI, National Formulary 19,Rockville, USP Convention, USA. 2007.
[3]. British Pharmacopoeia, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London.Vol. I & II, 2009: p. 3285.
[4]. R. Bryant, D. E. Mantle, D. L. Timma, and D. S. Yoder, J.Pharm. Sci. 57 (1968): 658–660.
[5]. D. Cevdet and G. B. Richard, Analyst 123 (1998):181–189.
[6]. John, A. G. Constantinos, and A. K. Michael, Analyst 116(1991): 233–237.

Abstract:This study investigated the effort of computer assisted instruction (CAI) and interest as determinant of senior secondary II chemistry's achievement in chemistry equilibrium in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Pre-test-post-test, control group quasi-experimental design study involving a 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was use to select 40 senior secondary two private schools in Port Harcourt Two valid and reliable instruments of twenty-five 25 items, chemical equilibrium students (p= 0.83) and interest scale towards. Chemistry achievement test computer and assisted instruction package (p=.724) were used for data collection. Three null hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using Analysis for Co Variance (ANCOVA). While Sidak post hoc test was used to explain the direction of significance between the groups.

[1]. Adel K. and Mounir N. (2008) Effect of Teaching without Computer Assisted Instruction. Jovt Publication U.S
[2]. Adeleke J. (2003) Factors Influencing Higher Secondary Students for Selection of Commerce and Rejection of science stream in Nigerian City. Loko prss lagos Nig.
[3]. Akpinar H. (2005).Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhil. Sterling publishers private limited 2005
[4]. Becker G. (2000) Teaching of statistics to UK Undergraduate Mathematic Students 2000. Journal of mathematical education 2010. 30(4) 233- 247
[5]. Carter U. (2004). Evaluating Information Technology in Teaching and Learning. Behaviour research method. Instruments and computers 20, 222 -225
[6]. Demiral J. (2004) Experience and Education. New York. Kappa. Delta pi Esu W. and Ntukiden I.(2003) Evaluation of Instructional Software. Sterling Publishers private limited

Abstract: Quantitative electronic structural-activity relationship(QSAR) analysis of a series of Ketones and its derivatives against skin disease causing micro-organism(Candida albicans) have been conducted using Molecular weight(MW), Conolly Accessible Area(CAA), cLogp, Molar Refractivity(MR), Molar Volume(MV), Polarizability(POL)as the descriptors. The descriptors were obtained using computational chemistry method (semi-empirical PM3). Ketones and its derivatives activities, were taken as the activities of the molecules against skin disease causing micro-organism(Candida albicans) and are presented as the values of ln(1/IC50), where IC50 is an effective concentration inhibiting 50% of the parasite growth.

[1]. Ajmani, S., Jadhav, K., &Kulkarni, S. A. (2006). Three-dimensional QSAR using the k- nearest neighbor method and its interpretation.Journal of chemical information and modeling, 46(1), 24-31.
[2]. Allen, B.R.and Stanley, S.Y. (2008). An Introduction to QSAR Methodology. Network Science Corporation 1116 Miller Mountain Road Saluda and GlaxoWellcome Research Five Moore Drive Research Triangle Park, New Jersey.
[3]. Delley, B. (1990). An all‐electron numerical method for solving the local density functional for polyatomic molecules.The Journal of chemical physics, 92(1), 508-517.
[4]. Delley, B. (2000). From molecules to solids with the DMol3 approach. The Journal of chemical physics, 113(18), 7756-7764.
[5]. Devillers, J. (1996).PRINCIPLES OF QSAR AND DRUG DESIGN:GENETIC ALGORITHMS INMOLECULAR MODELING. Academic Press Limited, 24- 28 Oval Road, London, pp:20- 21

Abstract: Assessment of any shale gas potential is normally made using original S2 value calculated from the present day S2 values of the rock-eval analysis. The present day S2 itself has got technical limitation and to get the original S2 it is necessary to evaluate the original TOC which is also bound by many limitations. The technical limitation of S2 suggests available hydrocarbons above C24 composition cannot come as S1 thus increasing amount of S2 although the cracked S2 amount may not be very high. Calculation of the original TOC value is also made by different methods. Based on the previous works it is accepted that type-1 kerogen loose TOC up to 80% , type-II up to 50% and type-III up to 20% to generate petroleum. Original TOC is calculated as equal to Present day TOC / (1-%converted).

[1]. Daniel M. Jarvie1, Ronald J. Hill2, and Richard M. Pollastro2 (2005) Assessment of the Gas Potential and Yields from Shales: the Barnett Shale Model. In Cardott, B.J. (ed.), Unconventional energy resources in the southern Midcontinent, 2004 symposium: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 110, 2005, p. 37-50.
[2]. A.J.Mort and H. Sanei, 2013, generated pyrobitumen precursors for unconventional reservoir characterization: a geochemical & petrographic approach. Integration Geoconvention 2013.
[3]. Q.R. Passey,K.M.Bohacs, W.L. Esch, R. Klimentidis and S.Sinha; 2010, SPE 131350, From Oil-Prone Source Rock to Gas-Producing Shale Reservoir – Geologic and Petrophysical Characterization of Unconventional Shale-Gas Reservoirs. SPE conference in China during 8-10 June 2010.

Abstract: This work is on the use of locally sourced cassava starch for the improvement of the rheological properties of water based mud. The efficiency of drilling operation is enhanced by the application of drilling mud with suitable additives. In this experiment, the mud samples were formulated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of cassava starch. The production method of the mud and the determination of its rheological and allied properties were carried out based on the API mud production standards. From the analyses of the experimental results, water based mud with 4% locally sourced cassava starch appears to be the optimum concentration. The cassava starch additive improves the rheological properties of the drilling mud.

Key words: Cassava starch, Mud, Rheological properties..

[1]. API, American Petroleum Institute (1993), Specification for drilling-fluid materials – Specification 13.
[2]. API, American Petroleum Institute (2000), Specification for Drilling Material and Testing Well.
[3]. Apugo-Nwosu T. U., Mohammed-Dabo I. A., Ahmed A. S., Abubakar G., Alkali1 A. S. andAyilara S. I. (2011), Studies on the Suitability of UbakalaBentonitic Clay for Oil Well Drilling Mud Formulation. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 1(4): 152-171.
[4]. Ariffin S. and Amir H. (2011) Water based mud lifting capacity improvement by multiwall carbon nanotubes additive. Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering Vol. 2(5), pp. 99-107.
[5]. Bourgouyne, A. T., Millhiem, K.K., Chenevert, M.E., Young, F.S. (1991). Applied Drilling Engineering, 2nd edition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, Texas.
[6]. Falode, O.A., Ehinola, O.A., Nebeife, P.C. (2007). Evaluation of Local Bentonitic Clay as Oil Well Drilling Fluids in Nigeria, Applied Clay Science 39, 19-27.