iosr-JMCE   Volume-2 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: This paper is on improvement in Yield strength of deformed steel bar by quenching using Design of experiment (DOE) for robust process design. The production of high quality deformed steel bar for concrete reinforcement will reduce the construction cost. It is found that the bar produced having variation in yield strength, this major quality problem is considered for improvement. Yield strength of bar is deviated from standard value specified in IS: 1786-1985. Here the study is focused on the robust parameter design for cooling system, to control the process of quenching to get the desired Yield strength of deformed steel bar. The controlling parameters of cooling system were controlled to improve the Yield strength of bar produced. Taguchi method of Orthogonal Array was used to find the effect of parameter on output quality parameter such as yield strength. DOE by Taguchi approach was used for the improvement in Yield strength. We got satisfactory result of yield strength of deformed steel bar having minimum variation from its mean value. Thus the Yield strength of bar has been improved by controlling the Quenching process parameters at optimum level which was found from factor effect plot using DOE by Taguchi Method.
Keywords: Rolling, Quenching, Taguchi method, Yield strength, Robust design, Deformed steel bar.

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Due to increasing demand in highway construction, scientists and researchers are constantly trying to improve the performance of bitumen pavement. Asphalt concretes are widely used in pavements. Bitumen is the naturally occurring byproduct of crude oil. Due to increase in vehicles in recent years the road surfaces have been exposed to high traffic resulting in deformation of pavements due to excessive stress. Permanent deformation happens when pavement does not have sufficient stability, improper compaction and insufficient pavement strength. The performance of pavement is determined by the properties of bitumen. Bitumen is a viscoelastic material with suitable mechanical and rheological properties for water proofing and protective covering for roofs and roads, because of its good adhesion properties of aggregates. One of the most important properties of bitumen mixture is its ability to resist shoving and rutting under traffic. Therefore stability should be high enough to handle traffic adequately, but not higher than the traffic conditions require. Low stability causes unraveling and flow of the road surface. Some improvements in asphalt properties have been achieved by selecting the proper starting crude, to make asphalt.

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Abstract: Freeze drying is a practical and widely used method for the stabilization of otherwise easily degraded substances, microorganisms, foods, biological products and pharmaceutical products. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the freeze drying plants for the Food and Beverage industries. Freeze drying is the drying of an already deep-frozen product in a vacuum below the triple point. The vacuum allows the ice to turn directly into vapour without first passing through the water stage, in a sublimation process. This ensures that the product retains most of its original shape, color, taste, and nutrients. Freeze dried products have other advantages too: they have uniform, high quality, a very long shelf life, require no refrigeration during storage, they are light weight, making them easy and inexpensive to transport, and they reconstitute quickly and completely with the addition of water. That is why freeze dried products are in such great demand and why the freeze drying process is able to add significant value to a wide range of food product including; vegetables, fruit and berries, meat and seafood product; prepared meals including baby food, TV inners, camping provisions, and military rations, and beverages such as tea and coffee. Coffee is by far the biggest single freeze dried food commodity in the world today.

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Abstract: The paper reports the stress concentration factors in plate with oblique hole using FEM. Various angles of hole obliquity have been considered to evaluate SCF at such holes. The results are compared with photoelastic analysis results reported by H. W. McKENZIE and D. J. WHITE 1 on the basis of gross area and net area. Keywords: Finite Element Method, Oblique Hole, Stress Analysis.

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