IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-12 ~ Dec. 2022

Abstract: Islam teaches that Allah's will should control all areas of daily life, including personal, social, national, and international spheres. Shari'ah courts have been established with this goal in mind, intended to control lifestyle choices through appropriate channels in accordance with Islamic law. Despite common misconceptions, Islamic or Shari'ah regulations continue to be the most trustworthy way to achieve desired outcomes. This assertion is confirmed by the establishment of Shari'ah courts and the sporadic practice of Shari'ah laws in a few Muslim-minority countries, including their stable judicial practice in several Muslim-majority ones. Bangladesh is a Muslim-majority nation with the constitutional power to implement Shari'ah law without opposition. This essay aims to identify the challenges facing the introduction of Shari'ah courts in Bangladesh while demonstrating their verified judicial precision in the context of Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority countries that practise Shari'ah laws.

Keywords: Shari'ah, Islamic, court, law, practice, hudud, Bangladesh, constitution, authority, majority, minority, Muslim, countries

[1]. Al Quran, 21:78-81; 38:26; 5:49; 5:42.
[2]. Sahih Al-Bukhari, 6919; Sahih Muslim, 1716
[3]. Sunan Abu Daud, Kitab Al-Aqdiah, Vol. III, p. 303, Hadith No. 3592, Sunan Al-Tirmizi, Hadith No. 1348.
[4]. http://www.bbc.com/news/word-asia-63624400. Access Date 15.11.2022.
[5]. Afghanistan's Laws and Legal Institutions under the Taliban, Melbourne Asia Review. June 6 2022..

Abstract: In recent years, political polarization in the United States has been increasing at an alarming rate. Not only are citizens voting with more extreme opinions in their party, but the negative feelings toward the opposing party have increased as well. This can be attributed to a wide variety of reasons, not the least of which is the influence of mass media, such as news media and social media. This paper hopes to demonstrate how mass media has contributed to the increase in political polarization in American society. Results show that the creation of echo chambers, filtering of news feeds, and spread of fake news and partisan media have all contributed to the prevalence of polarization in the United States.

Keywords: political polarization, mass media, echo chamber, fake news, social media

[1]. Azzimonti, M., & Fernandes, M. (2018). Social Media Networks, fake news, and polarization. NBER Working Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24462
[2]. Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Risky shift. In Encyclopedia of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 761-761). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253.n455
[3]. Boxell, L., Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2020). Cross-country trends in affective polarization. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26669
[4]. Boxell, L., Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2021, August). Cross-country trends in affective polarization - stanford university. Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization. Retrieved August 10, 2022, from https://www.web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/cross-polar.pdf
[5]. DeVito, M. A. (2016) From Editors to Algorithms: A values-based approach to understanding story selection in the Facebook news feed. Digital Journalism Ahead of print. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2016.1178592

Abstract: Being open to ideas and experiences has far more consequences on society's progress. Leaders at scientific and administrative bodies put themselves in a mindset where new ideas and opposing views are welcomed and discussed. The ancient Bhagavad Gita has also laid importance on being humble to remain pertinent to true knowledge. Intellectual humility is the ability to be open to different points of view and admit that one's beliefs and opinions might be wrong. It is also the foundation of critical thinking, which helps us become more consistent and tolerant instead of just open-minded. Research shows that intellectual humility makes people more prosocial. Open-mindedness is a corrective virtue that helps individuals to become flexible in cognitive affairs and, therefore, more defiant to recommendations and manipulations. Being open-minded leaves us with choices, uncertainties.....

Keywords: Intellectual humility, open-mindedness, virtue, tolerance

[1]. Alfano, M., Iurino, K., Stey, P., Robinson, B., Christen, M., Yu, F., & Lapsley, D. (2017). Development and validation of a multi-dimensional measure of intellectual humility. PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0182950. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182950
[2]. Bąk, W., Wójtowicz, B., & Kutnik, J. (2022). Intellectual humility: An old problem in a new psychological perspective. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 10(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.106999
[3]. Bhagavad Gita 5.18. (2012, September 13). The Bhagavad Gita with Commentaries of Ramanuja, Madhva, Shankara and Others. https://www.bhagavad-gita.us/bhagavad-gita-5-18/
[4]. Brienza, J. P., Kung, F. Y. H., Santos, H. C., Bobocel, D. R., & Grossmann, I. (2018). Wisdom, bias, and balance: Toward a process-sensitive measurement of wisdom-related cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115, 1093–1126. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000171
[5]. Christen, M., Alfano, M., & Robinson, B. (2019). A cross-cultural assessment of the semantic dimensions of intellectual humility. AI & SOCIETY, 34(4), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0791-7

Abstract: This study aims 1) To find out and analyze the effectiveness of the formulation of the law enforcement process for narcotics crimes at the South Sulawesi Regional Police Narcotics Agency regarding criminogenic factors according to applicable laws; 2) To find out and analyze the nature of the effectiveness of the formulation of the narcotics crime law enforcement process at the South Sulawesi Regional Police Narcotics Residency regarding criminogenic factors and 3) To identify and analyze the factors that influence the effectiveness of the formulation of the narcotics crime law enforcement process at the South Sulawesi Regional Police Resnarkoba regarding factors criminogenic. This type of research is descriptive research with a juridical-empirical approach, which is research that examines.....

Key words: Formulation Effectiveness, The Nature of Effectiveness, Factors, and Crime

[1]. Andi Hamzah, 2006, Narcotics and Psychotropic Crimes, Sinar Graphic, Jakarta.
[2]. Andi Hamzah and Surachman, 2004. Narcotics and Psychotropic Crimes. Sinar Graphics, Jakarta.
[3]. Barda Nawawi Arief, 2005. Anthology of Criminal Law Policy, Third Edition Revised Edition, Citra Aditya Bhakti, Bandung.
[4]. Barda Nawawi Arief, 1998. Several Aspects of Criminal Law Enforcement and Development Policy, Citra Aditya, Bandung.
[5]. Hamzah A, and Rahayu Siti, 1994. A Brief Review of the Penal System in Indonesia, AkademikaPressidon, Jakarta

Abstract: The higher education system sits at the apex of the education system, supporting the lower levels of education, preparing professionals and skilled labour, and serving as an incubator for research. As developing countries expand basic education systems and increasingly transition into the knowledge economy, higher education will play an important role, as acknowledged in the Sustainable Development Goals, serving as an incubator for the knowledge base and human capital needed to promote and sustain development across many sectors. Although it is reasonable to regard education a fundamental source of economic growth, spending on education is also facilitated by the growth........

Key Word: Higher education, privatisation, self-financing, financing of higher education

[1]. Anthony P. Carnevale and Stephen J. Rose(2004), Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, And Selective College Admissions in Richard D. Kahlenberg (ed.)(2004), America‟s Untapped Resource: Low income students in higher education, Century Foundation Press
[2]. Bhushan, Sudhanshu (2008): Report on Self-financing Courses in Colleges, Department of Higher & Professional Education, New Delhi
[3]. Bray Mark (2007), "Policies and Tensions in the Financing of Education: Perspectives from UNESCO‟s International Institute for Educational Planning.

Abstract: Nowadays, the concept of trust has gained more popularity compared to an earlier period in Bangladesh. However, there are some pressing concerns about managing this jurisdiction's trust and charity organizations. The settlor typically uses the idea of trust to transfer property. Additionally, there must be a clear intention to establish trust. It cannot be made for unknown or undefinable causes. Above all, the trust's aim must be lawful and specific. As an illustration, a trust could be created for a single person's benefit or a particular group of individuals, for example, the education of underprivileged children in a community, hospital purposes, charity endeavours, or even the founding of a scholarship or school, or university. Regarding a charitable trust in Bangladesh, the trust can be made public. Recipients need not be visible here, which could be faith in religion or charity. In this context, this paper analyses the governance and regulatory systems of trust and charitable property in Bangladesh. It also suggests a few recommendations for the modernization of the management of the organizations.

Key Words: Trust, Property, Management, Waqf, Debottar, Bangladesh

[1]. Ahmad, M. (2015). Role of waqf in sustainable economic development and poverty alleviation: Bangladesh perspective. JL Poly & Globalization, pp. 42, 118.
[2]. Ahmad, M., & Jahan, R. (2002). Investing in ourselves: Giving and fundraising in Bangladesh. Asian Development Bank.
[3]. Bhuiyan, A. U. (2021). The Doctrine of Public Trust: It is Judicial Invocation in Bangladesh and the Future Potentials. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Law, 9(1), 89-108.
[4]. Bove Jr, A. A. (2004). The Purpose of Purpose Trusts. Prob. & Prop., pp. 18, 34.
[5]. Carr, D. J. (2016). John McGhee (ed), Snell's Equity, Lynton Tucker, Nicholas Le Poidevin, and James Brightwell, Lewin on Trusts

Abstract: A person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture is called an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur creates a firm to realize their idea, known as entrepreneurship, which aggregates capital and labour in order to produce goods or services for profit. Entrepreneurship is highly risky but also can be highly rewarding, as it serves to generate economic wealth, growth, and innovation. The Government of India has defined a women entrepreneurship as "an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated in the enterprise to women".With a vision to promote the sustainable development of women entrepreneurs for balanced growth in the country,Start-up India.....

Keywords: Entrepreneur, Women entrepreneur, Government of India, Employment,start-up, Socio-economic problems.

[1]. Ismail cheasni,shamsudinmohd.faridahwati,Chowdhury mohd s.,university utara Malaysia,An Exploratory study of motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia,Business and Economic research ISSN 2162-4860 2012 ,vol 2 ,no 1 published on January 9 ,2012
[2]. Motivational factors in a push – pull theory of entrepreneurship.
[3]. Fakhr.Z (2015),Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs.women entrepreneurship in India:potential and prospects,edited by Tomer,A.K.,Pandey.P.K& Jain S,New Delhi: Kunal books.ISBN:9789382420927