iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2026

Abstract: Background: Effective postoperative analgesia is crucial for patient recovery and satisfaction. Inadequate pain management can lead to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and chronic pain [1]. Currently, intramuscular (IM) diclofenac is a common method for postoperative pain relief, but it can be associated with injection site pain and fluctuating drug levels [2]. This study compares the analgesic efficacy and safety of transdermal diclofenac patch versus intramuscular diclofenac in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block [3]......

Keywords: Transdermal Diclofenac Patch; Intramuscular Diclofenac; Postoperative Analgesia; Visual Analogue Scale.

[1]. Sharma D, Et Al. A Comparative Study Of Transdermal Diclofenac Patch Vs IM Diclofenac For Postoperative Analgesia. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2017;6(2):475-479.
[2]. Bhargava R, Et Al. Transdermal Diclofenac Patch Vs IM Diclofenac In Inguinal Hernia Repair. Anesth Essays Res. 2017;11(1):159-163.
[3]. Arora M, Et Al. Transdermal Diclofenac Patch Vs IM Diclofenac For Acute Postoperative Pain. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2015;31(2):220-224.
[4]. Funk L, Et Al. Transdermal Diclofenac Patch In The Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Pain. Current Medical Research And Opinion. 2005;21(4):541-546.
[5]. Hewitt DJ, Et Al. The Analgesic Efficacy Of A Diclofenac Topical Patch In Subjects With Soft Tissue Injuries. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25:841-853.

Abstract: Background: Laser technology has progressively expanded within oral and maxillofacial surgery, offering hemostatic control, antimicrobial action, and enhanced soft- and hard-tissue precision relative to conventional instrumentation. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on laser-assisted exodontia and oral surgery, with emphasis on the North American, particularly United States, clinical, regulatory, and commercial landscape. Materials and Methods: A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature (2009–2026) indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was combined with industry market-intelligence reports to characterize adoption trends......

Keywords: dental lasers; tooth extraction; oral and maxillofacial surgery; laser wavelength selection; dental service organizations; laser safety.

[1]. Sachelarie L, Cristea R, Burlui E, Hurjui LL. Laser Technology In Dentistry: From Clinical Applications To Future Innovations. Dent J. 2024;12(12):420. Doi:10.3390/Dj12120420
[2]. Gutiérrez-Corrales A, Rizcala-Orlando Y, Montero-Miralles P, Volland G, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo MA. Comparison Of Diode Laser–Oral Tissue Interaction To Different Wavelengths. In Vitro Study Of Porcine Periodontal Pockets And Oral Mucosa. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(2):E224–E232. Doi:10.4317/Medoral.23317
[3]. Gryka-Deszczyńska M, Dembicka-Mączka D, Fiegler-Rudol J, Skaba D, Wiench R. Laser-Assisted Strategies For Alveolar Bone Preservation After Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2026;15(4):1447.
Doi:10.3390/Jcm15041447
[4]. Persistence Market Research. Dental Lasers Market Size, Share & Growth Report, 2033 [Industry Market Report]. 2026. Available From: Https://Www.Persistencemarketresearch.Com/Market-Research/Dental-Lasers-Market.Asp
[5]. Mordor Intelligence. Dental Lasers Market Size, Share & Trends Report, 2031 [Industry Market Report]. 2026. Available From: Https://Www.Mordorintelligence.Com/Industry-Reports/Dental-Lasers-Market

Abstract: Takayasu arteritis is a cardiovascular disease that is recognized as being widely uncommon. Takayasu arteritis is a disease that manifests within the human anatomy in the form of inflammation. Beyond the inflammatory aspect of the disease, however, Takayasu arteritis is also characterized by conditions such as fibrosis of the body's arteries, as well as the stenosis of those vessels. Additionally, conditions like heart disease, heart failure, and stroke are some of the most common causes of death across the world.......

[1] Johnston SL, Lock RJ, Gompels MM. Takayasu Arteritis: A Review. Journal Of Clinical Pathology. 2002;55(7):481-486.
[2] Terao C. Revisited HLA And Non-HLA Genetics Of Takayasu Arteritis—Where Are We? Journal Of Human Genetics. 2016;61(1):27-32.
[3] Mason JC. Takayasu Arteritis—Advances In Diagnosis And Management. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2010;6(7):406-415.
[4] Keser G, Direskeneli H, Aksu K. Management Of Takayasu Arteritis: A Systematic Review. Rheumatology. 2014;53(5):793-801.
[6] Tso E, Flamm SD, White RD, Schvartzman PR, Mascha EJ, Hoffman GS. Takayasu Arteritis: Utility And Limitations Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis And Treatment. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2002;46(6):1634-1642.

Abstract: Background: Axial length and corneal power constitute the principal ocular biometric determinants of refractive status. The association between these biometric parameters and refractive error in Nigerian young adult populations remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated the association of axial length and corneal power with the refractive status of young adults at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria......

Keywords: Axial Length; Corneal Power; Refractive Error; Myopia; Young Adults; Nigerian Population.

[1]. GBD 2019 Blindness And Vision Impairment Collaborators. (2021). The Lancet Global Health, 9(2), E144–E160.
[2]. Mutti, D. O., Et Al. (2005). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 46(9), 3074–3080.
[3]. Flitcroft, D. I. (2012). Progress In Retinal And Eye Research, 31(6), 622–660.
[4]. Troilo, D., Et Al. (2019). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 60(3), M31–M88.
[5]. Jonas, J. B., Et Al. (2017). PLOS ONE, 12(10), E0184836.

Abstract: Purpose: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and Schirmer I test values in a tertiary-care population from Northeast India. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 140 adults with DED at RIMS, Imphal, between May 2022......

Keywords: dry eye disease; vitamin D; Schirmer I test; tear production; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Northeast India.

[1]. Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, Caffery B, Dua HS, Joo CK, Et Al. TFOS DEWS II Definition And Classification Report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):276-283. Doi:10.1016/J.Jtos.2017.05.008.
[2]. Messmer EM. The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Dry Eye Disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71-81; Quiz 82. Doi:10.3238/Arztebl.2015.0071.
[3]. Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, Jalbert I, Lekhanont K, Malet F, Et Al. TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):334-365. Doi:10.1016/J.Jtos.2017.05.003.
[4]. Yoon SY, Bae SH, Shin YJ, Park SG, Hwang SH, Hyon JY, Et Al. Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated With Dry Eye Syndrome. Plos One. 2016;11(1):E0147847. Doi:10.1371/Journal.Pone.0147847.
[5]. Demirci G, Karaman Erdur S, Ozsutcu M, Eliacik M, Olmuscelik O, Aydin R, Et Al. Dry Eye Assessment In Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency. Eye Contact Lens. 2018;44 Suppl 1:S62-S65. Doi:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000325.

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate new researches which shows that glaucomatous optic neuropathy results from multiple factors that include neurodegenerative changes and vascular problems and biomechanical effects. Methods: A detailed review of available research and clinical studies about retinal ganglion cell degeneration and vascular......

Keywords: Glaucoma; intraocular pressure; neurodegeneration; optic nerve head biomechanics; ocular perfusion; normal-tension glaucoma.

[1]. Weinreb RN, Aung T, Medeiros FA. The Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Glaucoma: A Review. JAMA. 2014;311:1901–1911.
[2]. European Glaucoma Society. Terminology And Guidelines For Glaucoma, 5th Edition. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(Suppl 1):1–169.
[3]. Quigley HA. Glaucoma. Lancet. 2011;377:1367–1377.
[4]. Kass MA, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, Et Al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:701–713.
[5]. Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, Et Al. Reduction Of Intraocular Pressure And Glaucoma Progression. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:1268–1279.

Abstract: Background: Perforation peritonitis is a high-stakes, life-threatening surgical emergency requiring rapid clinical evaluation. This prospective study was designed to compare the precise prognostic value and clinical tracking capability of the disease-specific Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) against the physiology-based Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score in secondary hollow viscus perforation peritonitis scenarios.......

Keywords: Perforation peritonitis, Mannheim Peritonitis Index, APACHE II score, Receiver Operating Characteristic, Prognostic risk stratification, Surgical morbidity

[1]. Wacha H, Linder MM (1983) The Mannheim Peritonitis Index: Prediction Of Risk Of Death From Peritonitis. Theor Surg 1:169–173
[2]. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE (1985) APACHE II: A Severity Of Disease Classification System. Crit Care Med 13:818–829
[3]. Bohnen JM, Mustard RA, Oxholm SE, Schouten BD (1988) APACHE II Score And Abdominal Sepsis. Arch Surg 123:225–229
[4]. Billing A, Fröhlich D, Schildberg FW (1994) Prediction Of Outcome Using The Mannheim Peritonitis Index In 2003 Patients. Br J Surg 81:209–213
[5]. Wittmann DH, Schein M, Condon RE (1996) Management Of Secondary Peritonitis. Ann Surg 224:10–18
[6]. Bracho-Riquelme RL, Melero-Vela A, Torres-Ruiz J (2002) Mannheim Peritonitis Index Validation Study At.

Abstract: Background: Alveolar bone resorption following tooth loss frequently compromises the volume and quality of bone available for implant placement, and bone grafting is required in an estimated one in every four dental implant cases. Over the past five years the therapeutic landscape has expanded far beyond the classical autograft/allograft/xenograft/alloplast framework, incorporating autogenous tooth-derived (dentin) grafts, recombinant growth-factor-loaded carriers, three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) bioprinted scaffolds with sequential......

Keywords: Bone graft; Dental implants; Osseointegration; Guided bone regeneration; Autogenous dentin graft; rhBMP-2; 3D bioprinting; Biomaterials.

[1]. Yazdanpanah, Z., Johnston, J. D., Cooper, D. M. L., & Chen, X. (2022). 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art And Emerging Technologies. Frontiers In Bioengineering And Biotechnology.
Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fbioe.2022.824156
[2]. Wang, B., Et Al. (2025). Therapeutic Potential Of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes For Bone Tissue Regeneration Around Prostheses. Journal Of Orthopaedic Translation. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jot.2025.03.007
[3]. Minetti, E., Et Al. (2023). Socket Preservation Using Dentin Mixed With Xenograft Materials: A Pilot Study. Materials.
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ma16144945
[4]. Cervera-Maillo, J. M., Et Al. (2021). Autologous Tooth Dentin Graft: A Retrospective Study In Humans. Medicina.
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Medicina58010056
[5]. Jalůvka, P., Šrubář, & Starosta. (2025). Autogenous Dentin For Socket Preservation: A Narrative Review Of Clinical Outcomes Compared To Spontaneous Healing. Frontiers In Dental Medicine. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fdmed.2025.1714903.

Abstract: Background: Pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting is the standard surgical treatment for primary pterygium. Subconjunctival dexamethasone-assisted conjunctival autograft harvesting has been proposed to improve postoperative outcomes by reducing inflammation during graft dissection.
Aim: To compare the effect of subconjunctival dexamethasone-assisted conjunctival autograft harvesting versus normal saline on postoperative inflammation, lid oedema, and pain following sutureless pterygium surgery.
Materials.....

Keywords: Pterygium, conjunctival autograft, subconjunctival dexamethasone, normal saline, inflammation, pain, lid oedema.

[1]. Rosenthal Jw. Chronology Of Pterygium Therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1953 Nov;36(11):1601-16.
[2]. John F Salman Et’al(2019) Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology.
[3]. Moran Dj, Hollows Fc. Pterygium And Ultraviolet Radiation: A Positive Correlation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 May;68(5):343-6.
[4]. Riordan-Eva P, Kielhorn I, Ficker La, Steelead, Kirkness Cm. Conjunctival Autografting In The Surgical Management Of Pterygium. Eye (Lond) 1993;7:634-8.
[5]. Maiti R, Mukherjee S, Hota D. Recurrence Rate And Graft Stability With Fibrin Glue Compared With Suture And Autologous Blood Coagulum For Conjunctival Autograft Adherence In Pterygium Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Cornea 2017;36:1285-94.

Abstract: Background: Monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) provide excellent distance vision following cataract surgery but offer limited intermediate and near vision, often necessitating spectacle use. Extended Depth-of-Focus (EDOF) IOLs have been developed to provide a continuous range of vision with improved spectacle independence and patient satisfaction. Aim: To compare visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following implantation of an EDOF intraocular lens in the second eye of monofocal pseudophakic patients. Materials and Methods: This follow-up study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital. Ninety.....

Keywords: Cataract surgery, Extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens, EDOF, Monofocal intraocular lens, Pseudophakia, Visual acuity, Patient satisfaction, Spectacle independence

[1]. Maxwell WA, Cionni RJ, Lehmann RP, Et Al. Functional Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation Of Apodized Diffractive Aspheric Acrylic Intraocular Lenses With+3.0or +4.0 Diopter Addition Power Randomized Multicenter Clinical Study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:2054–2061.
[2]. Baig R, Chaudhry AT, Kukreja S, Et Al. Patients’ Satisfaction And Spectacle Independence After Cataract Surgery With Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation In A Tertiary Care Hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66:745–747.
[3]. Close T, Olsen L. Corydon Contrast Sensitivity In Patients With A New Type Of Multifocal Intraocular Lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990;16:42–46.
[4]. Rosen E, Alió JL, Dick HB, Dell S, Slade S. Efficacy And Safety Of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Following Cataract And Refractive Lens Exchange: Metaanalysis Of Peer-Reviewed Publications. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016 Feb;42(2):310-28.
[5]. Calladine D, Evans JR, Shah S, Et Al. Multifocal Versus Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Aftercataract Extraction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD003169.

Abstract: Background: Zirconia-based crowns have become a widely accepted restorative option in fixed prosthodontics because of their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics. Monolithic zirconia crowns have been developed to overcome the veneer chipping commonly associated with layered zirconia restorations. This systematic review compared the clinical efficacy and longevity of monolithic and layered zirconia crowns.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases, including.....

Keywords: Monolithic zirconia, Layered zirconia, Zirconia crowns, Clinical efficacy, Longevity, Survival rate, Veneer chipping, Fixed prosthodontics

[1]. Denry I, Kelly JR. State Of The Art Of Zirconia For Dental Applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24(3):299–307.
[2]. Raigrodski AJ. Contemporary Materials And Technologies For All-Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures: A Review Of The Literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(6):557–562.
[3]. Sailer I, Makarov NA, Thoma DS, Zwahlen M, Pjetursson BE. All-Ceramic Or Metal-Ceramic Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses (Fdps)? A Systematic Review Of Survival And Complication Rates. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(Suppl 11):86–96.
[4]. Zhang Y. Making Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Translucent. Dent Mater. 2014;30(10):1195–1203.
[5]. Kolakarnprasert N, Kaizer MR, Kim DK, Zhang Y. New Multi-Layered Zirconias: Composition, Microstructure And Translucency. J Prosthodont. 2019;28(5):E21–E28..