iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2026

Abstract: Background: Serum creatinine is the most widely used biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) detection, but it is insensitive to early declines in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cystatin C, a low molecular weight protein filtered freely by the glomerulus, has emerged as a potentially superior early marker.
Objectives: To compare cystatin C and creatinine in the early detection of CKD and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cystatin.....

Key Word: Cystatin C, creatinine, chronic kidney disease, early detection, estimated GFR, biomarkers

[1]. Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, Et Al. Chronic Kidney Disease: Global Dimension And Perspectives. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):260–72.
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[3]. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, Mcculloch CE, Hsu C-Y. Chronic Kidney Disease And The Risks Of Death, Cardiovascular Events, And Hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):1296–305.
[4]. London GM. Cardiovascular Disease In Chronic Renal Failure: Pathophysiologic Aspects. Semin Dial. 2003;16(2):85–94.
[5]. Myers GL, Miller WG, Coresh J, Fleming J, Greenberg N, Greene T, Et Al. Recommendations For Improving Serum Creatinine Measurement: A Report From The Laboratory Working Group Of The National Kidney Disease Education Program. Clin Chem. 2006;52(1):5–18.

Abstract: Tonsillectomies have been performed from the ancient times for tonsillar hypertrophy. They’ve been done time and again with minimal complications and very few contra-indications. One of these relative contra-indications would be coagulopathies- given the tendency for haemorrhage. Factor VII deficiency is one among those coagulopathies - a rare autosomal recessive factor haemorrhagic deficiency. Here we present a six year old child with factor 7 deficiency on whom......

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Abstract: Posterior capsular opacities are commonly encountered during cataract surgery and are usually seen as diffuse plaques. We report a rare intraoperative finding of multiple, uniformly distributed white dot opacities confined to the posterior capsule in a 55-year-old male undergoing phacoemulsification. The opacities extended up to the equator and were resistant to capsular polishing. Despite extensive involvement, the patient achieved good postoperative visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. This case is reported for its unusual morphology, distribution, and favorable visual outcome

Key Words – Posterior capsule, white dots, capsular opacity, cataract surgery

[1]. Vasavada AR, Raj SM, Shah GD, Nanavaty MA. Incidence And Management Of Posterior Capsule Plaques During Phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(11):1954–1958.
[2]. Apple DJ, Solomon KD, Tetz MR, Et Al.Posterior Capsule Opacification.Surv Ophthalmol. 1992;37(2):73–116.
[3]. Nishi O, Nishi K, Mano C, Ichihara M, Honda T.Lens Epithelial Cell Behavior And Posterior Capsule Opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23(3):350–356.
[4]. Kim SY, Yang JW, Park YH.Calcification Of The Posterior Capsule Following Cataract Surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(9):1539–1542.
[5]. Ram J, Apple DJ, Peng Q, Et Al.Update On Posterior Capsule Opacification. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2001;49(3):193–202

Abstract: In recent years, numerous studies have explored the quality of life (QoL) in those with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the current state of knowledge on QoL and its various associated factors among people with diabetes in India. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Medline) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A total of 41 articles....

Key Words – Diabetes; health-related quality of life; India; quality of life; scoping review

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