iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2026

Abstract: Background: Colonic melanosis (CM) is a benign pigmentation of the colonic mucosa, most commonly associated with chronic use of anthraquinone-containing laxatives. While traditionally considered clinically insignificant, its potential association with colonic neoplastic lesions remains debated.
Materials and Methods: This single-center ambispective study included all cases of CM diagnosed at Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital (Morocco) between January 2021 and May 2023. Seventy patients with complete clinical.....

Key Word: colonic melanosis, lipofuscin, anthraquinone laxatives, colonoscopy, colonic polyps, histopathology

[1]. Tian C, Al Nasser Y. Melanosis Coli. [Updated 2025 Apr 30]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK493146/.
[2]. Chiba, T., Wang, T., & Kikuchi, S. (2024). Colonoscopic Resolution Of Melanosis Coli After Cessation Of Senna Laxative Use. International Medical Case Reports Journal, 17, 783–787. Https://Doi.Org/10.2147/IMCRJ.S475869.
[3]. Gökçe AH, Gökçe FS. Prognosis In Patients With Melanosis Coli; A Prospective Study. İstanbul Med J 2019; 20(3): 198-201.
[4]. Yang, N., Ruan, M., & Jin, S. (2020). Melanosis Coli: A Comprehensive Review. Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia, 43(5), 266–272. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Gastrohep.2020.01.002.
[5]. Nusko, G., Schneider, B., Schneider, I., Wittekind, C., & Hahn, E. G. (2000). Anthranoid Laxative Use Is Not A Risk Factor For Colorectal Neoplasia: Results Of A Prospective Case Control Study. Gut, 46(5), 651–655. Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Gut.46.5.651.

Abstract: Background Medication reconciliation emerged as an intervention to minimise medication discrepancies and adverse drug events. Despite the simplicity of its concept, medication reconciliation proved to be a challenging task across wide healthcare settings. Methodology.....

Key Words –medication reconciliation, medication discrepancies, quality improvement, high-dependency unit

[1]. Aspden P, Wolcott J, Bootman JL Et Al. (2007), Preventing Medication Errors: Quality Chasm Series, Washington (DC), The National Academies Press
[2]. Boone HN & Boone DA (2012), Analyzing Likert Data, Journal Of Extension, 50(2), 1 – 5, Doi: 10.34068/Joe.50.02.48
[3]. Cornish PL, Knowles SR, Marchesano R, Tam V, Shadowitz S, Juurlink DN, Etchells EE (2005), Unintended Medication Discrepancies At The Time Of Hospital Admission, Archives Of Internal Medicine, 165(4), 424 – 429,
Doi: 10.1001/Archinte.165.4.424
[4]. Flaherty M (2019), Introducing A Collaborative Enuresis Service For Children – A Public Health Nursing Quality Improvement Initiative, Available At:
Https://Www.Lenus.Ie/Bitstream/Handle/10147/626782/Final%20Dissertation.Pdf?Sequence=1, (Accessed: 26/01/2023)
[5]. HIQA (2014), Guidance For Health And Social Care Providers: Principles Of Good Practice In Medication Reconciliation, Available At: Https://Www.Hiqa.Ie/Sites/Default/Files/2017-01/Guidance-Medication-Reconciliation.Pdf, (Accessed: 08/11/2022)

Abstract: Background: Accommodation refers to changes in the dioptric power of the crystalline lens to obtain and maintain a focused retinal image. With the rapid proliferation of smart devices, concerns about visual health, particularly accommodation and ocular discomfort, have increased. This study aimed to investigate how different display sizes of smart devices affect accommodative function and ocular discomfort in young adults. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 50 participants (24 males and 26 females) aged 18–35 from.....

Key Words – Accommodation, Ocular Discomfort, Smart Devices, Display Size, Visual Fatigue

[1]. Narawi WS, Razak SA, Azman N. The Effect Of Smartphone Usage On Accommodation Status. Malays J Med Health Sci. 2020;16(2):244-7.[2].
Kang JW, Chun YS, Moon NJ. A Comparison Of Accommodation And Ocular Discomfort Change According To Display Size Of Smart Devices. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021;21(1):44.
[3]. Jaiswal S, Asper L, Long J, Lee A, Harrison K, Golebiowski B. Ocular And Visual Discomfort Associated With Smartphones, Tablets And Computers: What We Do And Do Not Know. Clin Exp Optom. 2019;102(5):463-77.
[4]. Tosha C, Borsting E, Ridder WH 3rd, Chase C. Accommodation Response And Visual Discomfort. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2009;29(6):625-33.
[5]. Benjamin WJ. Borish's Clinical Refraction. 2nd Ed. St. Louis: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2006.

Abstract: Background: While traumatic diaphragmatic hernias presenting with fecopneumothorax have been reported in both adults and children. Non traumatic diaphragmatic hernia leading to fecopneumothorax is an entity which has limited literature. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) mostly remain asymptomatic. It has been documented that rarely it can present in an acute setting with tension fecopneumothorax secondary to strangulated.....

Key Words – Fecopneumothorax, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Bochdalek hernia, Acute Presentation of CDH, Hybrid Approach to CDH, Approaches to CDH

[1]. Kitano Y, Lally KP, Lally PA. Late-Presenting Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(12):1839–1843. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jpedsurg.2005.08.023
[2]. Carter BN, Guiseffi J, Felson B. Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia.AJR 1951;65:56-72.
[3]. Perch P, Houck WV, Deanda AJ. Symptomatic Bochdalek Hernia In An Octogenarian. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1288-9.
[4]. Horton JD, Hofmann LJ, Hetz SP. Presentation And Management Of Morgagni Hernias In Adults: A Review Of 298 Cases. Surgical Endoscopy [Internet]. 2008 Mar 18;22(6):1413–20
[5]. Aihole JS. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Presenting As Tension Hydropneumothorax: Surgical Dilemma. Annals Of Medicine & Surgery. 2025 Feb;87(2):991–3..

Abstract: Background: With rising demand for esthetic restorations, shade matching in dentistry blends art and science-affected by several external factors. While visual shade selection with a guide remains common for its simplicity, newer technologies like spectrophotometers and digital photography offer more objective, detailed color measurement and improved communication. Aim: The Aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the remineralizing ability of five different remineralizing agents on artificially created white spot lesions.

Key Word: Bioactive glass nanoparticle, CPP ACP, Egg shell solution, Red marine algae and Acclaim tooth paste.

[1]. Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects Of In-Office Bleaching Agent Combined With Different Desensitizing Agents On Enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2018;27:E20180233.
[2]. Rauen CA, Filho JC, Bittencourt BF, Gomes GM, Gomes JC, Gomes OM. Effect Of Bleaching Agents Containing Fluoride Or Calcium On Enamel Microhardness, Roughness, And Permeability. Braz J Oral Sci 2015;14:262-6.
[3]. Borges BC, Borges JS, De Melo CD, Pinheiro IV, Santos AJ, Braz R, Et Al. Efficacy Of A Novel At-Home Bleaching Technique With Carbamide Peroxides Modified By CPP-ACP And Its Effect On The Microhardness Of Bleached Enamel. Oper Dent 2011;36:521-8.
[4]. Pimenta-Dutra AC, Albuquerque RC, Morgan LS, Pereira GM, Nunes E, Horta MC, Et Al. Effect Of Bleaching Agents On Enamel Surface Of Bovine Teeth: A SEM Study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:E46-50.
[5]. Da Costa Soares MU, Araújo NC, Borges BC, Sales Wda S, Sobral AP. Impact Of Remineralizing Agents On Enamel Microhardness Recovery After In-Office Tooth Bleaching Therapies. Acta Odontol Scand 2013;71:343-8.

Abstract: Ferric Derisomaltose is an advanced intravenous iron complex crucial for treating iron deficiency anaemia. This article details the comprehensive specification and characterization of this compound manufactured by West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd., Kolkata, India (WBCIL) based on rigorous analytical techniques. The methodology employed internal Standard Testing Procedures (STP) to confirm identity, measure potency, control impurities, and verify safety. Results confirmed the material’s identity as a brown coloured free flowing powder with characteristic....

[1]. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). (2018). Auspar: Ferric Derisomaltose. Australian Public Assessment Report For Iron (III) Hydroxide Isomaltoside 1000.
[2]. Food And Drug Administration (FDA). MONOFERRIC (Ferric Derisomaltose) Injection, For Intravenous Use. Prescribing Information.
[3]. Aksan, G., Et Al. (2021). Safety And Efficacy Of Iron Isomaltoside 1000/Ferric Derisomaltose Versus Iron Sucrose In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: The FERWON-NEPHRO Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 36(1), 111–122.
[4]. Anker, S. D., Et Al. (2021). Ferric Derisomaltose (Iron Isomaltoside) Versus Iron Sucrose In Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Trial (FERWON-IDA). Journal Of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 19(3), 675–686.
[5]. Schaefer, B., Et Al. (2021). Hypophosphataemia After Treatment Of Iron Deficiency With Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Or Iron Isomaltoside—A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology, 87(5), 2256–2273

Abstract: Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia frequently coexist and synergistically increase cardiovascular risk through development of target organ damage (TOD). Comprehensive evaluation of lipid abnormalities in relation to multi-organ TOD in established hypertension is limited in Indian populations...

Keywords: hypertension; dyslipidemia; target organ damage; cross-sectional study; cardiovascular risk; retrospective analysis

[1]. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Et Al. Global Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(13):1387-1349.
[2]. Anchala R, Kannuri NK, Pant H, Et Al. Hypertension In India: A Systematic Literature Review And Meta-Analysis Of Prevalence, Awareness, And Control Of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014;32(6):1170-1177.
[3]. Tadic M, Cuspidi C. Hypertension And Hypertensive Heart Disease In Indian Populations. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2019;15(1):7-16.
[4]. Kostova D, Hyphantis T, Olivieri B, Et Al. Hypertension Prevalence And Control Among The General Population. Am J Hypertens. 2014;27(6):774-782.
[5]. Dąbrowska E, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension And Dyslipidemia: The Two Partners In Endothelium-Related Crime. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(9):605-612.

Abstract: Menopause is defined by permanent cessation of menses due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. It is associated with endocrine, metabolic, and physiological changes increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and neurocognitive disorders..

[1]. Su HI Et Al., 2009 Eastell R Et Al., 2017 Spoletini I Et Al., 2011
[2]. El Khoudary SR Et Al., 2020 Gold EB Et Al., 2022
[3]. Abd MA Et Al., 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) remains a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placental location, determined through ultrasonography, has emerged as a potential predictor of pregnancy outcomes. The relationship between placental position and the development of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy has gained considerable attention in obstetric research. Understanding....

Keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, placental location, lateral placentation, central placentation, maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, preeclampsia, ultrasonography

[1]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Et Al. Williams Obstetrics. 25th Edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Education; 2018.
[2]. Sibai BM. Diagnosis And Management Of Gestational Hypertension And Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(1):181-92.
[3]. Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, Et Al. Diagnosis, Evaluation, And Management Of The Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy: Executive Summary. J Obstetgynaecol Can. 2014;36(5):416-41.
[4]. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Et Al. WHO Analysis Of Causes Of Maternal Death: A Systematic Review. Lancet. 2006;367(9516):1066-74.
[5]. Chandra S, Tripathi A, Mishra S, Et Al. Physiological Changes In Hematological Parameters During Pregnancy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2012;28(3):144-6.

Abstract: Ectopic pregnancy refers to implantation of gestational sac outside the endometrial tissue. Incidence is around 6.9/1000pregnancies.The majority of Ectopic pregnancies (97%) occur within the fallopian tube, most commonly in the ampullary region.
Interstitial pregnancy is a rare kind of ectopic pregnancy that accounting for 2.4-3%of all tubal pregnancies and is characterized by implantation within the intramural portion of fallopian tube. Although Interstitial pregnancies constitute....

[1]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Et Al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Education; 2022. P. 377–386.
[2]. Bouyer J, Coste J, Fernandez H, Pouly JL, Job-Spira N. Sites Of Ectopic Pregnancy: A 10-Year Population-Based Study Of 1800 Cases. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(12):3224–3230.
[3]. Tulandi T, Al-Jaroudi D. Interstitial Pregnancy: Results Generated From The Society Of Reproductive Surgeons Registry. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(1):47–50.
[4]. Moawad NS, Mahajan ST, Moniz MH, Taylor SE, Hurd WW. Current Diagnosis And Treatment Of Interstitial Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(1):15–29.
[5]. Ackerman TE, Levi CS, Dashefsky SM, Holt SC, Lindsay DJ. Interstitial Line: Sonographic Finding In Interstitial (Cornual) Ectopic Pregnancy. Radiology. 1993;189(1):83–87.

Abstract: Background: Refractive errors remain a significant public health concern among school-aged children, particularly in low-resource settings. Uncorrected refractive errors can lead to visual impairment, reduced academic performance, and long-term educational disadvantages1-3. Despite global awareness, there is limited localized data in southeastern Nigeria...

Key Words: Refractive errors; Myopia; Hyperopia; Astigmatism; Academic performance; School children; Vision screening; Nigeria

[1]. Onur O. Vision Affects A Child's Learning Development. Eye Centers Of Florida. 2020.
[2]. World Health Organization. World Report On Vision. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
[3]. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Mariotti SP, Pokharel GP. Global Magnitude Of Visual Impairment Caused By Uncorrected Refractive Errors In 2004. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(1):63-70.
[4]. IBM Corporation. IBM SPSS Statistics For Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; 2017.
[5]. Ezinne NE, Mashige KP. Refractive Er

Abstract: Introduction: Hypertrophic gingivitis is a form of chronic gingivitis common among patients with prosthetic restorations, especially when these are oversized. This condition leads to reduced pink aesthetics, pain, and bad breath, which often drive patients to seek professional help. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if replacing old crowns with new ones can alter the condition of the gingiva...

Key Words: Oversized crowns, Hypertrophic Gingivitis, Periodontitis

[1]. Masudur Rahman Et Al. Effects Of Modified Crown Contour On Periodontal Health. Sch J Dent Sci, 2021 July 8(6): 170-175.
[2]. Agrawal AA. Gingival Enlargements: Differential Diagnosis And Review Of Literature. World J Clin Cases. 2015 Sep 16;3(9):779-88. Doi: 10.12998/Wjcc.V3.I9.779. PMID: 26380825; PMCID: PMC4568527.
[3]. Quirynen M, Dadamio J, Van Den Velde S, De Smit M, Dekeyser C, Van Tornout M, Vandekerckhove B. Characteristics Of 2000 Patients Who Visited A Halitosis Clinic. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Nov;36(11):970-5. Doi: 10.1111/J.1600-051X.2009.01478.X. Epub 2009 Oct 6. PMID: 19811581.
[4]. Feres, M., Retamal-Valdes, B., Mestnik, M.J. Et Al. The Ideal Time Of Systemic Metronidazole And Amoxicillin Administration In The Treatment Of Severe Periodontitis: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial. Trials 19, 201 (2018).
Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13063-018-2540-8
[5]. Mehdi Taghi Zade, Maryam Tehranchi, Mohammad Amin Bafandeh, Seyed Mohammad Reza Hakimaneh, Yasaman Sherafatmand, Sayed Shojaedin Shayegh. A Comparison Of The Effect Of Zirconia Crown On Periodontal Tissues: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. Avicenna J Dent Res, 2024; 16(1):57-62. Doi:10.34172/Ajdr.1693

Abstract: Background: Bulbo-biliary fistulas are exceptionally rare complications of duodenal ulcer disease and are seldom revealed by massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Their association with vascular complications such as gastroduodenal artery (GDA) pseudoaneurysm further increases mortality.
Case presentation: A 91-year-old man with chronic kidney disease and ischemic cardiopathy presented in hemorrhagic shock.....

[1]. Glenn F, Reed C, Grafe WR. Biliary Enteric Fistula. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153(4):527-31.
[2]. Chan FK, Leung WK. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Lancet. 2002;360(9337):933-41.
[3]. Céspedes A, Sáenz R, Simón M, Sánchez J. Duodenal Ulcer Penetrating The Common Bile Duct: An Unusual Cause Of Upper GI Bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;46:563-5.
[4]. Tessier DJ, Abbas MA, Fowl RJ, Et Al. Visceral Artery Aneurysm Rupture. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:334-7.
[5]. Pasha SF, Gloviczki P, Stanson AW, Kamath PS. Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:472-9.

Abstract: Summary: Inflammatory optic neuropathies (ION) or optic neuritis are one of the most common and feared neurological symptoms, as they can compromise the visual functional prognosis of our often young patients and those of childbearing age. This optic neuritis sometimes constitutes one of the early and even unique signs of an autoimmune inflammatory pathology.
All the interest...

Key Words: Optic neuritis/ Multiple sclerosis/ NMOSD with AQP4 antibodies/ MOGAD

[1]. The Clinical Profile Of Optic Neuritis: Experience Of The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Arch Ophthalmol [Internet]. 1 Déc 1991 [Cité 20 Avr 2022];109(12):1673‑8. Disponible Sur: Https://Doi.Org/10.1001/Archopht.1991.01080120057025.
[2]. Syc-Mazurek SB Et Al. Frequency Of New Or Enlarging Lesions On MRI Outside Of Clinical Attacks In Patients With MOG-Antibody- Associated Disease. Neurology 2022;99(18):795-9.
[3]. Camera V Et Al. Frequency Of New Silent MRI Lesions In Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease And Aquaporin-4 Antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(12):E2137833.
[4]. Marignier R, Confavreux C. Neuro-Optico-Myélite Aiguë De Devic Et Les Syndromes Neurologiques Apparentés. Presse Médicale [Internet]. 1 Mars 2010 [Cité 20 Avr 2022];39(3):371‑80. Disponible Sur:
Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S0755498209005612
[5]. Deschamps R, Lecler A, Lamirel C, Aboab J, Gueguen A, Bensa C, Et Al. Etiologies Of Acute Demyelinating Optic Neuritis: An Observational Study Of 110 Patients. Eur J Neurol [Internet]. 1 Juin 2017 [Cité 20 Avr 2022];24(6):875‑9. Disponible Sur: Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ene.13315

Abstract: Pelvic organ prolapse is a major component of pelvic floor diseases, characterized by descent of pelvic organs causing pressure, bulge symptoms, urinary complaints, bowel disturbances & sexual dysfunction.
•
Pop q system offers an objective, standardized method to categorise severity. Several studies have shown anatomical severity doesn’t always correlate with the level of symptom distress or functional impairment experienced by women....

[1]. Barber MD, Walters MD, Bump RC. Short Forms Of Two Condition-Specific Quality-Of-Life Questionnaires For Women With Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDI-20 And PFIQ-7). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193:103–113.
[2]. Swift SE. Relationship Between Symptoms And Pelvic Organ Support Using POP-Q. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:23–31.
[3]. Teleman P, Stenzelius K, Jakobsson U. Validation Of The Swedish Short Forms Of The PFDI-20 And PFIQ-7. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90:483–487.
[4]. Nieminen K, Heinonen PK, Kiilholma P, Et Al. Validation Of PFDI-20 And PFIQ-7 In Finnish Women. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15:88.
[5]. Ward RM, Et Al. Association Between POP-Q Measurements And PFDI/PFIQ Scores Before And After Surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211:222.E1–222.E7

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common public health problem affecting one in four women or one in eight men older than 50 years. • The postmenopausal phase is a stage of experiencing permanent cessation of menstruation cycle over a year. It is now recognized as a time of decrease hormonal production with associated problems that reduce the quality and length of life for a large number of women.....

[1]. Schwartz AV, Selimeyer DE, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Tabor HK, Schreiner PJ Et Al,” Older Women With Diabetes Have An Increased Risk Of Fracture A Prospective Study.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86(1):32-8.
[2]. Finkelstein J S, Et Al .J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008,” Bone Mineral Density Changes During The Menopause Transition In A Multiethnic Cohort Of Women.”
[3]. Delmas PD, Fraser M. Strong Bones In Later Life: Luxury Or Necessity? Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):416-22.
[4]. Tandon N, Marwaha RK, Kalra S, Gupta N, Dudha A, Kochupillai N. Bone Mineral Parameters In Healthy Young Indian Adults With Optimal Vitamin D Availability. Natl Med J India 2003;16:298-302.
[5]. World Health Organization (WHO), 2004.