iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2025

Abstract: Background:Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) presents unique clinical and diagnostic challenges due to its varied manifestations and often nonspecific symptomatology. Timely diagnosis and effective management are crucial to prevent complications and ensure favorable outcomes. This study aimed to examine the clinico-epidemiological profile of EPTB and explore the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges perceived by healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital setting.........

Keywords: Clinico-epidemiological profile, diagnostic challenges, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, therapeutic challenges, tertiary care hospital.

[1]. Raina S. Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Report from a High Prevalence State of Northern India. Public Health Research. 2013 Jan 7;2:185–9
[2]. Sreeramareddy CT, Ramakrishnareddy N, Shah RK, Baniya R, Swain PK. Clinico-epidemiological profile and diagnostic procedures of pediatric tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal-a case-series analysis. BMC Pediatrics. 2010 Aug 9;10(1):57.
[3]. Al-Sakkaf AM, Hossain S, Rifat M, Dorji T, Muyeena H, Arefin S, et al. Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) patients attending DOTS centers in Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. 2017 Jan 17;
[4]. Patient Health Seeking and Diagnostic Delay in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Hospital Based Study from Central India [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 11]. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/trt/2019/4840561/
[5]. Sharma SK, Ryan H, Khaparde S, Sachdeva KS, Singh AD, Mohan A, et al. Index-TB Guidelines: Guidelines on extrapulmonary tuberculosis for India. Indian J Med Res. 2017 Apr;145(4):448–63.

Abstract: Background: Dyslipidemia is a significant modifiable risk factor for macrovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Despite established benefits of statin therapy in cardiovascular risk reduction, its use in the Indian diabetic population remains inconsistent. Objective: To assess the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients with macrovascular complications and to determine the association of lipid abnormalities with the history of preventive statin therapy..........

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Dyslipidemia, Macrovascular Complications, Statin Therapy, Non-HDL Cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD), Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), Lipid Profile, Cardiovascular Risk, Glycemic Control, Preventive Therapy, Apo B, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol

[1]. American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Supplement_1): S1–S212.
[2]. Colhoun, H. M., Betteridge, D. J., Durrington, P. N., et al. (2004). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 364(9435), 685–696.
[3]. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. (2002). MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 361(9374), 2005–2016.
[4]. Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., et al. (2019). 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(24), e285–e350.
[5]. Misra, A., & Khurana, L. (2008). Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(11_Supplement_1), s9–s30.

Abstract: Oral cancer treatment often results in significant anatomical and functional deficits that require comprehensive rehabilitation. This review systematically examines the interplay between surgical reconstruction methods and subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation outcomes. We analyze current evidence regarding flap selection, bone grafting techniques, digital workflows, and their collective influence on prosthetic success. Special emphasis is placed on functional restoration of mastication, speech, and aesthetics, while addressing complications such as radiation-induced tissue..........

Keywords: oral cancer rehabilitation, microvascular reconstruction, maxillofacial prosthetics, dental implants, virtual surgical planning, radiation effects

[1]. Global Cancer Observatory. Lip, oral cavity cancer factsheet [Internet]. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/
[2]. Rogers SN, Lowe D, McNally D, Brown JS, Vaughan ED. Health-related quality of life after maxillectomy: a comparison between prosthetic obturation and free flap. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;50(3):332-9. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2020.08.008.
[3]. Urken ML, Buchbinder D, Weinberg H, Vickery C, Sheiner A, Biller HF. Functional evaluation following microvascular oromandibular reconstruction of the oral cancer patient: a comparative study of reconstructed and nonreconstructed patients. Oral Oncol. 2020;96:1-8. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012.
[4]. Goh BT, Lee S, Tideman H, Stoelinga PJ. Mandibular reconstruction in adults: a review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(6):709-24. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.12.001.
[5]. Ch'ng S, Skoracki RJ, Selber JC, Yu P, Martin JW, Hofstede TM, et al. Osseointegrated implant-based dental rehabilitation in head and neck reconstruction patients. Head Neck. 2022;44(1):123-34. doi:10.1002/hed.26718..

Abstract: Background: Hyperglycemia, including undiagnosed diabetes and pre diabetes, presents a significant global health challenge, leading to severe long-term complications. While traditional screening often relies on fasting blood glucose (FBG) or HbA1c, random blood sugar (RBS) measurements offer a practical and immediate screening tool, particularly in community settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated random blood sugar and identify associated demographic and lifestyle factors among men aged 50 years and above in Semey, Kazakhstan...........

Keywords: Hyperglycemia, RBS, BMI, Family history of DM, H/O Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Physical activity

[1]. American Diabetes Association. (2024). 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Supplement_1), S20-S41.
[2]. Harding, J. L., et al. (2019). The Global Burden of Diabetes (1990–2017): A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(3), 369-381.
[3]. International Diabetes Federation. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation.
[4]. Sacks, D. B., et al. (2011). Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 34(6), e104-e106.
[5]. World Health Organization. (2006). Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization. (Although older, principles for RBS as screening are still valid).

Abstract: Background: To evaluate the anchorage loss during fixed orthodontic treatment using different reinforcement methods, including transpalatal arch, chromosome appliance, and second molar banding, in comparison with conventional first molar anchorage. The analysis was performed using the finite element method. Materials and Methods: A CBCT scan was used to create..........

Keywords: Anchorage loss, Finite Element Method (FEM), Chromosome appliance, Transpalatal arch (TPA), CBCT

[1]. Bano N, Kumar MS, Shivamurthy PG, Sabrish S, Mathew S. Comparison of the effectiveness of butterfly arch versus transpalatal arch in anchorage reinforcement: A linear 3D finite element study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2022;16(2):101–106.
[2]. Melsen B, Bosch C. Different approaches to anchorage: a survey and an evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997 Feb;67(1):23–30.
[3]. Zablocki HL, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L, Baccetti T. Effect of the transpalatal arch during extraction treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Jun;133(6):852–860.
[4]. Kojima Y, Fukui H. Numeric simulations of en-masse space closure with sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Dec;138(6):702.e1–702.e6; discussion 702–704.
[5]. Tanne K, Sakuda M, Burstone CJ. Three-dimensional finite element analysis for stress in the periodontal tissue by orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987 Dec 1;92(6):499–505

Abstract: Appendicitis is the commonest abdominal surgical emergency in the world. It can occur at any age, though it is rare under the age of five years......

[1]. Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci. 1886;92:321-346.
[2]. Itskowitz MS, Jones SM. Appendicitis. Emerg Med. 2004;36:10-15.
[3]. Andersen B, Nielsen TF. Appendicitis in pregnancy: diagnosis, management and complications. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:758-762
[4]. Koepsell TD. In search of the cause of appendicitis. Epidemiology. 1991;2:319-321.
[5]. Owings MF, Kozak LJ. Ambulatory and inpatient procedures in the United States, 1996. Vital Health Stat 13. 1998;139:1-119.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that has a tremendous impact on general health, especially on blood vessels, heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and other organs. DM cases are recorded as one of the contributors to the high number of deaths directly related to this disease, with high treatment costs. The oral cavity is one of the organs and systems affected by the progression of DM. Manifestations in the oral cavity are closely related to high glucose levels in oral fluids, decreased saliva flow, decreased pH, and decreased immunity of sufferers that support..........

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, oral candidiasis

[1]. Astri, L. and Dewi, S.R.P., 2019. Penatalaksanaan kasus kandidiasis pseudomembran akut pada diabetes mellitus. JITEKGI, 15(2), p.3740.
[2]. Basu S, Sharma N. 2019. Diabetes self-care in primary health facilities in Indiachallenges and the way forward. World J Diabet. 10:341-9.
[3]. Gomes CC, Guimaraes LS, Pinto LCC, Camargo GACG, Valente MIB, Sarquis MIM. Investigations of the prevalence and virulance of Candida albicans in periodontal and endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 2017; 25(3): 274-81.
[4]. González-Moles, M.Á. and Ramos-García, P., 2021. State of evidence on oral health problems in diabetic patients: a critical review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(22), p.5383.
[5].
Kurniawan , A.A., Meitika, W.W., Maulina, T., Dian, N.A.I., Anindita, L. 2020. Laporan Kasus: Xerostomia pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Stomatognatic. 17(1): 33-36..

Abstract: Radiographic imaging plays a pivotal role in endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment evaluation. The evolution from conventional two-dimensional radiographs to advanced digital imaging modalities has revolutionised the field, enhancing diagnostic precision and clinical outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the spectrum of digital imaging technologies in endodontics, with particular emphasis on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), digital subtraction radiography (DSR), micro- and nano-computed tomography, and emerging tools like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It highlights the clinical applications.......

[1]. Grossman, L.I. (1982) A brief history of endodontics J Endod, 8, Special Issue, 36.
[2]. Walker RT, Brown JE (2005) Chapter 4. Radiography. In:Stock C, Walker R, Gulabivala K, eds. Endodontics, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Mosby, pp.77-92.
[3]. Glickman GW, Pettiette MT (2006) Chapter 5. Preparation fortreatment. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds. Pathways of the Pulp, 9th edn. St. Louis, MI: Mosby Elsevier,
[4]. Bart Vandenberghe. The digital patient – Imaging science in dentistry. Journal of Dentistry.2018;74:S21-S 27
[5]. Walker RT, Brown JE (2005) Chapter 4. Radiography. In:Stock C, Walker R, Gulabivala K, eds. Endodontics, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Mosby, pp.77-92..

Abstract: Résumé : Les corps étrangers orbitaires sont rares (un traumatisme sur six). Les tableaux cliniques sont variables en fonction à la fois du corps étranger (nature, taille, ancienneté) et des atteintes associées (crâniennes, oculaires, sinusiennes ou faciales). Nous rapportons le cas d’un garçon de 13 ans admis aux urgences d’ophtalmologie pour oeil rouge douloureux gauche suite à la projection d’un corps étranger. L’interrogatoire avec le papa a mis en évidence qu'ils étaient dans une zone de chasse sept........

....

Abstract: Background: Orthodontic treatment can compromise the oral hygiene status by causing plaque accumulation and microbial biofilm formation. Aim: To evaluate oral health awareness and hygiene practices among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 fixed orthodontic patients were asked to fill-in a questionnaire comprising 15 multiple choice questions. The results..........

Keywords: Oral hygiene; fixed orthodontic treatment; Oral hygiene practices

[1]. Jawad Z, Bates C, Hodge T. Who needs orthodontic treatment? Who gets it? And who wants it?. British dental journal. 2015 Feb;218(3):99-103.
[2]. Daokar ST. Separators in orthodontics: a review. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal. 2016 Dec 12;6(1):37-40.
[3]. Atram H, Jakati SV, Namrata K, Hazarey P, Aley M, Chachada A, et al. Survey on awareness about orthodontic treatment in general population of Nagpur district. Int J Adv Res. 2017;5(3),500-4.
[4]. Feliu JL. Long-term benefits of orthodontic treatment on oral hygiene. Am J Orthod. 1982 Dec;82(6):473-7.
[5]. Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Lemos MI, Lozano MP, Higuera C. Plaque, caries level and oral hygiene habits in young patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Health. 2010 Sep;27(3):133-8..

Abstract: Background: Schwannomas are benign, slow-growing tumors. These tumors are uncommon among mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric Schwannomas (GS) are extremely rare spindle-shaped, submucosal tumors that develop from the Schwann cells of the nerve plexuses within the stomach wall. This case report emphasizes the rarity of a schwannoma located on the lesser curvature of the stomach, as only a limited number of such cases have been documented in the medical literature. The case also underscores the importance of considering gastric.........

Keywords: Mesenchymal tumors, Schwannoma, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, immunohistochemistry

[1]. Nishida T, Hirota S. Biological and clinical review of stromal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Histol Histopathol. 2000 Oct;15(4):1293-301. doi: 10.14670/HH-15.1293. PMID: 11005253.
[2].
Sreevathsa MR, Pipara G. Gastric Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2015 Jun;6(2):123-6. doi: 10.1007/s13193-014-0367-7. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PMID: 26405419; PMCID: PMC4577481.
[3]. Pu C, Zhang K. Gastric schwannoma: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 2020 Sep;48(9):300060520957828. doi: 10.1177/0300060520957828. PMID: 32962485; PMCID: PMC7518005 [4]. Melvin WS, Wilkinson MG. Gastric schwannoma. Clinical and pathologic considerations. Am Surg. 1993 May;59(5):293-6. PMID: 8489097. [5]. Daimaru Y, Kido H, Hashimoto H, Enjoji M. Benign schwannoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol. 1988 Mar;19(3):257-64. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(88)80518-5. PMID: 3126126

Abstract: This paper explores how diverse motivation strategies affect team creativity in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Startups, characterized by rapid innovation, limited resources, and high uncertainty, require a nuanced understanding of what drives creativity among team members. Through a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews across Indian startups, this research highlights the crucial role of intrinsic motivators such as autonomy, shared purpose, recognition, and collaboration. These factors demonstrated stronger associations with creative performance than extrinsic incentives. The paper contributes both theoretically and practically by offering insights for entrepreneurs, ecosystem builders, and educators aiming to foster sustainable team creativity

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, intrinsic motivators, Extrinsic incentives, Entrepreneurs

[1]. Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Westview Press.
[2]. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
[3]. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
[4]. Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., & Pearce, C. L. (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 217–231.
[5]. Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 46(1), 53–62

Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of green accounting on corporate financial performance across key sectors including manufacturing, energy, agriculture, IT, and services. With increasing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, firms are integrating environmental costs into their financial decision-making. This study applies a mixed-methods approach, including financial ratio analysis and qualitative case insights, to assess sector-specific outcomes.........

Keywords: Green Accounting, Corporate Performance, Sustainability Reporting, Sectoral Analysis, Environmental Management, India

[1]. Sharma, R. (2022). Environmental Accounting Practices in Indian Corporates. Journal of Sustainability Accounting.
[2]. Narayan, S., & Mehta, A. (2021). Green Finance and Business Strategy. Indian Journal of Finance and Economics.
[3]. GRI Standards (2023). Global Reporting Initiative. www.globalreporting.org
[4]. Tata Power Sustainability Report (2022).
[5]. Infosys ESG Report (2023).