iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: Background: India has a large pool of pre-diabeticsubjectsandshowsarapidconversionofthese highrisksubjectstodiabetes.DuetochanginglifestyleIndians arepronetodeveloptype2diabetes(DM)atanearlyage.Insulinresistance(IR)has becomeacentralfeatureinthedevelopmentof impaired glucosetolerance(IGT), type-2diabetes. Methods: 100 normal volunteers, 50subjects with and 50 subjectswithoutfamilyhistoryof Diabetes,intheagerangeof18to25yearswereevaluatedforinsulinresistance. Astandard(75g)OGTTwasperformedandplasmaglucoseassessed at0(fasting),30,120min.FastingplasmainsulinlevelsassessedbyRIAkitmethod. UsingFastingPlasmaGlucose(FPG)andFastingPlasmaInsulin(FPI)levelsthe insulin resistanceis calculated by HOMA method. Homeostaticmodel assessmentmethodHOMA _IR =FPG(mmol/L) xFPI(μIU / mL) /22.5.

[1] RamachandranA,MaRC,SnehalathaC.DiabetesinAsia.Lancet. Jan302010; 375 (9712):408-418.
[2] AnjanaRMetal.Prevalenceofdiabetesandpre-diabetes(impairedfastingglucoseand/orimpairedglucosetolerance)inurbanandruralIndia:phaseIresultsoftheIndianCouncilofMedicalResearch-INdiaDIABetes(ICMR-INDIAB) study.Diabetologia.2011Dec;54(12):3022-7. Doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2291-5. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
[3] QiaoQ,HuG,TuomilehtoJ,etal.Age-andsex-specificprevalenceofdiabetesandimpairedglucoseregulationin11Asiancohorts.DiabetesCare. Jun 2003; 26 (6):1770-1780.
[4] YajnikCS,FallCHD,VaidhyaU,PanditAN,BavdekarA,BhatDS,OsmondC,etal.Fetalgrowthandglucoseandinsulinmetabolisminfour-yearoldIndianchildren. Diab Med 1995; 12:330-336.
[5] StumvollM,MitrakouA,PimentaW,JenssenT,Yki-JarvinenH,VanHaeftenTetal.UseoftheOralGlucoseToleranceTesttoAscessInsulinRelease and Sensitivity.Diabetes Care 2000; 23 (3): 295-301.

Abstract: The dose response of ropivacaine has not been extensively determined yet. This study was conducted to estimate minimum effective local anaesthetic dose and to assess the duration of sensory and motor block, and side effects if any, of intrathecal administration of ropivacaine for lower limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: 120 patients aged between 20 years and 60 years of either sex belonging to ASA Class I and Class II posted for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries were randomly selected for the study. The study population was randomly divided by a set of random numbers into 3 groups (Group I= 10mg of isobaric Ropivacaine, Group II= 15mg of isobaric Ropivacaine, Group III= 20mg of isobaric Ropivacaine Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance with post hoc analysis

[1]. R.Stienstra. The place of Ropivacaine in Anesthesia. Acta Anaesthetic Belg. 2003;54:141-148.
[2]. Stefania Lenone, Simone Di Cianni, Andrea Casati. Pharmacology, toxicology and clinical use of new long acting local anaesthetics. Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine. ACTA BIOMEIS. 2008; 79:92-105.
[3]. Gaurav Kuthiala, Geeta Chaudhary: Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use. Indian Journal of Anesthesia; Vol 55: Issue 2.Mar-Apr 2011.
[4]. Mc Namee DA, Mc Clelland AM, Scott S, Milligan KR, Westman M L, Gustafsson U. Spinal anesthesia: Comparison of plain ropivacaine 5mg/ml with bupivacaine 5mg/ml for major orthopaedic surgery. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:702-6.
[5]. Whiteside JB, Burke D, Wildsmith JA. Comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% (in glucose 5%0 with bupivacaine 0.5% ( in glucose 8%) for spinal anesthesia for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth 2001; 90:304-8.
[6]. O..gu..n CO.., Kirgiz EN, Duman A, O..Kesli S, Akyu..rek C. Comparison of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine-morphine and ropivacaine morphine for Caesarean delivery.Br J Anaesthesia 2003; 90:659-64.

Abstract: Thyroid carcinoma originates from follicular or parafollicular thyroid cells. These cells give rise to both well-differentiated cancers (i.e., papillary and follicular) and analastic thyroid cancer. The second cell type, the C or parafollicular cell, produces the hormone calcitonin and is the cell of origin for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).FNAC is an effective veritable tool for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions in various age groups. Based on the cytology findings, patients can be followed in cases of benign diagnosis and subjected to surgery in cases of malignant diagnosis thereby decreasing the rate of unnecessary surgery. The aim of our study is to know the prevalence of thyroid cancer in the past five years and the role of FNAC in its diagnosis as well as knowing the limitations of FNAC in the definitive diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. Patients who visited the outpatient department of our centre with complaints of thyroid swelling were sent for cytological examination in the cytopath section of department of pathology.

[1]. Perros P, editor. Report of the Thyroid Cancer Guidelines Update Group. 2nd ed. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2007. British Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians. Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. [2]. Cancer Statistics; Registrations [internet] The Office for National Statistics. [Last updated on 2005; Last cited on 2009 June 24]. Available from: http://www.statistics.gov.uk . [3]. Guidance on cancer services: Improving outcomes in head and neck cancers - the manual [internet]National Institute of Clinical Excellence. [Last Updated on 2004; Last cited on 2008 Aug 24]. Available from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp%action = byIDando = 10897 . [4]. Morris LF, Ragavendra N, Yeh MW. Evidence-based assessment of the role of ultrasonography in the management of benign thyroid nodules. World J Surg. 2008;32:1253–63. [PubMed] [5]. Cobin RH, Gharib H, Bergman DA, Clark OH, Cooper DS, Daniels GH, et al. AACE/AAES medical/surgical guidelines for clinical practice: management of thyroid carcinoma.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. American College of Endocrinology. Endocr Pract. 2001;7:202–20. [PubMed]

Abstract: Stem cell (SC) therapy has a promising future for tissue regenerative medicine. However, because SC technology is still in its infancy, interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to achieve successful clinical applications. Dental SCs have drawn attention in recent years because of their accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Several types of dental SCs have been identified, including dental pulp SCs from adult human dental pulp, SCs from human primary exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED), periodontal ligament SCs, and dental follicle SCs from human third molars.

[1]. Potten CS, Loeffler M. Stem cells: attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties. Lessons for and from the crypt. Developme 1990;110:1001–20
[2]. Weissman IL. Stem cells: units of development, units of regeneration, and units in evolution. Cell 2000;100:157–68.
[3]. Weissman IL. Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic: barriers and opportunities. Science 2000;287:1442–6.
[4]. Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:13625–30.
[5]. Mazur P. Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications. Am J Physiol 1984;247:C125–42
[6]. Masato K, Hiroko K, Toshitsugu K, Masako T, Shinya K, Masahide M, Yuiko T, et al. Cryopreservation of PDL cells by use of program freezer with magnetic field for teeth banking. Dent Jpn 2007;43:82–6. .
[7]. Miura M, Gronthos S, Zhao M, Lu B, Fisher LW, Robey PG, Shi S. SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100(10): 5807–12, 2003