IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

ABSTRACT: Zambia’s agricultural sector remains central to national development, yet its progress continues to be undermined by climate variability, low mechanisation, weak policy implementation, and limited access to sustainable farming technologies. The problem addressed in this study concerns the persistent gap between the availability of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) and their adoption in Lusaka District. Although policy frameworks emphasise........

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; Climate-smart agriculture; Agroecology; Policy implementation; Zambia; Agricultural resilience

[1]. Akinnifesi, F. K., Ajayi, O. C., Sileshi, G., & Chirwa, P. W. (2010). Indigenous Fruit Trees In The Tropics: Domestication, Utilization, And Commercialization. CABI.
[2]. Altieri, M. A. (1995). Agroecology: The Science Of Sustainable Agriculture. CRC Press.
[3]. Altieri, M. A. (2002). Agroecology: The Science Of Natural Resource Management For Poor Farmers In Marginal Environments. Agriculture, Ecosystems And Environment, 93(1–3), 1–24.
[4]. Baulcombe, D. (2010). Reaping Benefits: Science And The Sustainable Intensification Of Global Agriculture. The Royal Society.
[5]. Beintema, N., & Stads, G. (2017). A Review Of Agricultural Research In Zambia. International Food Policy Research Institute

ABSTRACT: This literature review examines sustainable agriculture in Zambia by synthesising theoretical, empirical, and policy-based studies that relate to climate-smart agriculture (CSA), agroecology, and broader sustainability transitions. The purpose of the review is to analyse how existing research frames opportunities for sustainability in the agricultural sector, the constraints that undermine adoption, and the persistent gaps in policy implementation. The review focused on literature from Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, FAO repositories, and regional....

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; Climate-smart agriculture; Agroecology; Zambia; Policy gaps; Agricultural resilience

[1]. Abd-Elmabod, S. K., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Jordán, A., Anaya-Romero, M., Phillips, J. D., Jones, L., Zhang, Z., Pereira, P., Fleskens, L., & Van Der Ploeg, M. (2020). Climate Change Impacts On Agricultural Suitability And Yield Reduction In A Mediterranean Region. Geoderma, 374, 114453. Adegbeye, M. J., Elghandour, M. M., Monroy, J. C., Abegunde, T. O., Salem, A. Z., Barbabosa-Pliego, A., & Faniyi, T. O. (2019). Potential Influence O

ABSTRACT: Background: Ammonia is a by-product of amino acid metabolism and has been shown to exert deleterious effects on embryonic development under experimental conditions. Despite this, little is known about the physiological regulation of ammonia metabolism during normal embryonic development in vivo. This study aimed to investigate developmental changes in ammonia concentrations within the maternal fetal environment during gestation.........

Keywords: Ammonia, Embryonic development, Placenta, Kidney, Rat

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[3]. Lane M, Gardner DK. Increase In Post-Implantation Development Of Cultured Mouse Embryos By Amino Acids And Induction Of Fetal Retardation And Exencephaly By Ammonium Ions. J Reprod Fertil. 1994; 102: 305–312.
[4]. Nakazawa T, Ohashi K, Yamada M, Shinoda S. Degradation Of Glutamine To Ammonium In Embryo Culture Media. J Reprod Dev. 1997; 43: 1–8.
[5]. Sinawat S, Hsaio WC, Flockhart JH, Kaufman MH, Keith J, West JD. Fetal Abnormalities Produed After Pre-Implantation Exposure Of Mouse Embryos To Ammonium Chloride. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18: 2157–2165.