IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-18 ~ ISSUE-9 ~ September 2025

ABSTRACT: Subsurface drainpipes installed in soils with limited cohesion (clay content is less than 30%) are typically enveloped with filter materials to prevent the entry of soil particles into the drains (filter function) and to reduce entrance resistance by creating a more permeable zone around drains (hydraulic function). Calcareous soils with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of more than 15% are among the most problematic soils that cause envelope clogging and sedimentation in the subsurface drainage network. Globally, earlier testing of synthetic drain envelopes has revealed poor performance in combination with calcareous soils.......

Keywords: subsurface drainage; filter materials; calcic soils; permeameter test; envelope performance.

[1]. Aǧar, A. I. (2011). Selection Of Geo-Synthetic Filter Materials As Drain Envelopes In Clay And Silty Loam Soils To Prevent Siltation: A Case Study From Turkey. African Journal Of Agricultural Research, 6(16), 3930–3935.
Https://Doi.Org/10.5897/AJAR11.716
[2]. Alavi, S. A., Naseri, A. A., Bazaz, A., Ritzema, H., & Hellegers, P. (2021). Performance Evaluation Of The Hydroluis Drainpipe-Envelope System In A Saline-Sodic Soil. Agricultural Water Management, 243(May 2020), 106486.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Agwat.2020.106486
[3]. Ayars, J. E., & Evans, R. G. (2015). SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE — WHAT ’ S NEXT ? †. 392(March), 378–392.
[4]. Bahçeci, I., Nacar, A. S., Topalhasan, L., Tari, A. F., & Ritzema, H. P. (2018). A New Drainpipe-Envelope Concept For Subsurface Drainage Systems In Irrigated Agriculture. Irrigation And Drainage, 67(S2), 40–50. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Ird.2247
[5]. Byrne, I., Gerard, M., Fenton, O., & Tuohy, P. (2023). Geoderma Regional Investigating The Suitability Of Synthetic Envelopes As An Alternative Or Complement To Stone Aggregate In Clay-Textured Soils In Ireland. Geoderma Regional, 32(November 2022), E00598. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Geodrs.2022.E00598

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation (ERS – Endo Roots Soluble, 4 g/plant) on plant growth parameters in green and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties with different pigment contents, and how these effects varied in different growing media (peat and natural soil). AMF inoculation was applied during seedling transplantation using the “sandwich method” Within the scope of the study, morphological and physiological parameters such as plant age and dry weight, root age and dry weight, root length.......

Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, lettuce, pigment, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, symbiosis, peat, soil, plant growth.

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