iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis is quiet difficult to treat or say, recovery the patients is prolonged.Iraq has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and ranks the 44th.worldwide among the countries with a high TB burden and the 5th.among the countries of the Eastern mediterranean Region.This study was designed to evaluate the Anti-tuberculosis effect of a new compound of Argan Oil 100%,which has been fetched from Morocco Kingdom combined with Sidr extract 62.5g\L against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ten isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated from patients who attended Consultants Clinic of Respiratory and Thoracic Diseases in Hilla city, Iraq. All investigated patients were preliminary diagnosed by X- ray to have TB. The effect of mixture of Argan oil 100% and sidr extract 62.5g\L was tested on M. tuberculosis by incorporation the mixture with Lowenstein-Jensen (L.J) medium in different ratio to get final volume mixture: L.J. medium. Accordingly ratios were; 1: 9, 0.75:9.25, 0.5: 9.5, 0.4:9.6, 0.3:9.7, 0.25:9.75, 0.2:9.8 and 0.1: 9.9ml. L.J. medium was autoclaved for sterilization and kept to cool at 45C° then the appropriate concentrations the compound were added. The medium was inoculated with the TB.The growth of TBwas observed in positive control tube while no growth was seen in the tubes containing the mixture of compounds although the reading of TB. growth continued for28 days of incubation. Similar results displayed for all other mixtures of different ratio (1: 9, 0.75:9.25, 0.5: 9.5, 0.4:9.6, 0.3:9.7, 0.25:9.75, 0.2:9.8 and 0.1: 9.9)ml.The new compound used in this study revealed valuable effect against TB. Afterincorporated with culture media.

Keywords: Argan oil.Sidr extract.Anti-tuberculosis

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate genetic polymorphism in apoptotic gene, BCL-2 (C938A), and the risk of bladder cancer through a hospital-based case-control study. This retrospective analysis consisted of 270 cases of bladder cancer and 252 controls. The BCL-2 938 AA genotype showed a decreased risk of bladder cancer among smokers (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19-0.85), hence, showing a protective effect. The BCL-2 938 AA genotype also showed a significant decreased risk among vegetarians (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.14-1.06) for bladder cancer. No significant associations were observed for this polymorphism among any of the stages or grades of carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Keywords: Bladder Cancer, BCL-2, Polymorphism, SNP, Apoptosis

Abstract: Rabeprazole sodium is highly acid-labile and presents many formulation challenges and to protect it from acidic environment of the stomach an enteric coated tablet formulation is tried in the present study. This study is aimed to develop pharmaceutically equivalent and stable enteric-coated tablets of Rabeprazole sodium comparable to innovator product. Different Formulations of Rabeprazole core tablets were developed using mannitol as diluent and croscarmellose as super disintegrant in different proportions. Further optimized formulation was coated with varying the compositions of sub coating and enteric coating using opadry white and enteric yellow. Compatibility studies were performed for drug, physical mixture tablet which shows no interaction. From the dissolution the formulation F6 shows highest percentage of drug release. The kinetics of drug release for F6 & Innovator followed first order and 'n' value ( 0.5>n<1) shows that the mechanism may be erosion control rate release. The f1 and f2 were found to be 3.03 and 72.01 respectively for formulation F6 and innovator product. Hence these two products were considered similar and comparable. In the accelerated stability testing carried out at 40°c and 75% RH for three months, no significant change in the physical properties, drug content, and dissolution rate of formulation F6 was observed. From this it can be concluded that formulation F6 developed is found to be an efficient delayed release formulations of Rabeprazole comparable to the innovator product. Thus the study fulfilled the objective of developing efficient Rabeprazole delayed release tablets.

Keywords: Rabeprazole sodium, Enteric coated tablets, Dissolution rate.

Abstract: Sesame is an important source of oil and protein. The quality of sesame crop is adversely affected by various fungal diseases, which not only reduce its production but also affects its export in various countries. During the mycological analysis of sesame seeds in our previous report, a total number of 36 species belonging to 10 genera of fungi were isolated. The prevalent genera were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cercospora, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus. The present study aimed to test the seed viability and pathogenecity of the predominant fungi infecting sesame in region of Sialkot, Pakistan. Results indicated that the germination rate was increased and seed borne fungi were eliminated with seedsterilization. The pathogenecityof isolates was evaluatedat seedling stage which confirmed the incidence of prevalent fungi. Plant growth was significantly decreased in inoculated plants as compared to un-inoculated plants. Deleterious effects on roots were observed which ultimately affected the whole seedlings. Therefore, we may conclude that fungal test species used in this study are virulent pathogens of sesame which can be controlled by different seed treatments before sowing.

Key Words: Pathogenecity; Sesame; Seed borne; Seed Viability.

Abstract: Malaria is one of the most prevalent, devastating parasitic infectious diseases in the world. In an attempt to search for new antimalarial compounds efforts are being made to do preliminary screening of aerial parts of the plant Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (family Rutaceae) at early flowering and fruiting stages against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. The plant extract were prepared in three extract forms: Ethyl acetate, Methanol and aqueous extract using standard procedure. The highest antimalarial activity was observed with ethyl acetate extract (IC50 42.73 μg/mL) as compared to methanolic extract (IC50 94.18 μg/mL) followed by aqueous extract (IC50 >100μg/mL).The toxicity of the extract was monitored with the brine shrimp lethality assay and showed no toxicity in all solvent extract tested. The preliminary phytochemical screening of aerial parts of the plant showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and glycosides in all the three solvent extracts may contain antiplasmodial molecule that could be isolated by bio-guided phytochemical studies.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Citrus aurantifolia, antimalarial plants, Brine shrimp

Abstract: Oxidative stress is an important pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are recognized as agents involved in the pathogenesis of sicknesses. The main characteristic of an antioxidant is its ability to trap free radical. Plants rich in phenolic compounds are generally reported to show good antioxidant activity. Tagetes erecta L (Marigold) belongs to the family Asteraceae. The flowers are especially employed to cure eye diseases, colds, conjunctivitis, coughs, ulcer, bleeding piles and to purify blood. The extractive efficiency of phenolic compounds from plant material is greatly dependent on the choice of solvent. In this study, six solvents of different polarity viz., hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water have been used for the extraction of Tagetes erecta L. flower by individual cold percolation method. Phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts were determined using Folin-ciocalteu assays and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, superoxide free radical scavenging (SO) assay, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Reducing capacity assessment. Maximum extractive yield was in water extract followed by methanol extract. There was a direct correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Methanolic extract had maximum phenolic content and maximum FRAP and SO activity. ABTS and DPPH did not show positive correlation with total phenol content in ethyl acetate extract. Ethyl acetate extract had maximum flavonoid content. T. erecta flowers can be used as a natural source of antioxidants to combat the oxidative stress related disorders.

Key word: Tagetes erecta, Influence of solvent, Antioxidant activity, positive correlation

Abstract: Background: Drynaria quercifolia Linn. (Polypodiaceae) is an important herbal in traditional folklore use bearing wound healing potential in Ganjam- Gajapati districts of Odisha (India). The aim of the study was to scientifically validate the folklore therapeutic claim through evaluating the healing potential of the plant rhizome extracts (methanolic and Chloroform) in normal and diabetic induced rats versus the microbial studies of isolation, characterization of different micro flora of the induced wounds and their impact in the healing process. Methods: Excision and incision wounds were induced in normal and diabetic rats. 5% and 10% extracts dosage form in ointment base using standard pharmaceutical treatise, were applied and examined for the efficacy. Control groups were dressed with simple ointment base and sterile distilled water while standard groups were applied with Neosporin in normal and Mupirocin / Supirocin ointment in diabetes induced rats. Healing versus microbial infection was studied/ assessed with measurement of wound size contraction, epithelization time, leukocyte counting, isolation and identification of the micro flora in the wounds etc. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA followed by students' t - test.

Abstract: Aim of the Study: The present study describes the morphology and anatomy of Miliusawayanadica leaf, Evaluates antioxidant activity and invitro cytotoxic activity of the leaf extracts by in-vitro models. Method: Anatomical sections of the leaf were observed by microscopic evaluation. Histochemical tests were conducted on ethanolic leaf extracts to determine the presence of various constituents in the sample. Antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts were done using in vitro methods DPPH, FRAP and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The cytotoxic assay done by using DLA& EAC cell lines and also by using brine shrimp bio assay method Result: Transverse sections of the leaf were observed by microscopy. Different radical scavenging assays showed prominent antioxidant activity and also potent cytotoxic effect Conclusion: The evaluation of antioxidant activity& cytotoxic effect of Miliusawayanadica conclude that the plant extracts showed the ability and may be due to the presence of flavanoids and phenols

Keywords: Transverse section,Phytochemical analysis, Phenol, Flavonoid, Antioxidant activity, Cytotoxic activity, Miliusawayanadica(Annonaceae)

Abstract: Studies on the possibility of indomethacin-mediated hepatotoxicity have not received considerable attention over the years. The percentage of chronic users continue to rise, and its consequential hepatotoxic effect is encountered more frequently than ever. This study explored the effect of administration of ethanolic leaves extract of Lageneria breviflora on the hepatocyte and stomach of indomethacin-ulcerated rats. Ulceration was induced with indomethacin (60 mg/kg b.wt). Ulcerated rats were then administered with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, liver function indices and stomach oxidative status were evaluated. The study indicates that the extract significantly reduced (p< 0.05) serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as well as albumin and total bilirubin concentrations. The stomach catalase and superoxide dismutase activities as well as the reduced glutathione level also improved significantly (p< 0.05) following treatment with the extract. Stomach lipid peroxidation in the ulcerated rats was also normalized by the extract. Data from this study indicates that the leaves of Lageneria breviflora possess hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities. Our findings suggest that the extract exerts its antiulcerogenic activity via antioxidative mechanism, there by stalling ravaging effects of reactive oxygen species.

Key words: Active principles, antioxidant, free radicals, hepatotoxicity, NSAIDS

Abstract: Polyurethane ionomers (PUI) are employing as one of the prominent materials in the field of biomedical applications. PUI materials have been synthesized from the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] with diisocyanate reagent followed by the addition of dihydroxyl benzoic acid (DHBA) salt by two-step polymerization process. PUI material generated from NCO terminated polyurethane prepolymers bonded with ionomer fragment exhibit bio and haemocompatibility. All of these PUI films were characterized by FTIR and FT-NMR for structural identifications. Study of molecular weights and size analysis of PUI obtained were determined by Gel permeation chromatography and particle size analysis. Essentially, haemocompatibile nature of these PUI have been studied by thrombogenicity, haemolysis and platelet adhesion test. As such polyurethane linked with ionomer fragment exhibits better platelets adherence to soft or biological tissue.

Keywords: Bioadhesive, haemocompatibility, platelet adhesion, polyurethane ionomers, thrombogenicity