iosr-JPBS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2020

Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.), a member of the Convolvulaceae family is very challenging to be explored for bioprospecting. The tuber of this plant, which contains primary and secondary metabolites, i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, anthocyanins, carotenes, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, hence it can be used as processed products for human consumption, industrial use as a natural dye, and also an important source of animal feed. Sweet potato can be distinguished into orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP). Sweet potato also exerts biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antimutagenic and many more benefits for health. In addition to human consumption, sweet potato can be used as dietary protein and energy source for fish and livestock which can also influence for growth performance. Of the three types, PFSP is the most potential bioprospecting for human as well as animal health. Its anthocyanin-rich contents play important role in this benefit..

Key Words: Sweet potato, human consumption, biological activity, dietary ingredient, energy source, fish livestock

Abstract: Background: The use of psychoactive drugs or illicit substances during pregnancy is a major public health problem because of the serious adverse consequences of such maternal behavior on both the mother and her unborn baby. The deleterious effects of prenatal use of psychoactive drugs include fetal mal-development and long lasting malfunctioning of the baby's brain and body. We carried out a study to investigate the prevalence of maternal use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy in Enugu Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional project based in the antenatal clinics of hospitals in Enugu using a pre-tested questionnaire as the main.....

Key words: Tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, prenatal, caffeine, heroin, Nigeria.

Abstract: A simple, sensitive, accurate and cost-effective agar disc diffusion method was developed to estimate the potency of marketed 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drop samples. The assay was based on the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). Mean potency values for chloramphenicol eye drops determined by this bioassay method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were compared. Linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and recovery of the method were calculated whether its efficiency was evaluated by checking sunlight-induced (24 hours) and heat-degraded samples (at 100ºC for 6 hours) and comparing the values obtained by HPLC. Potency values determined by this method and HPLC were estimated to be 98.62±......

Keywords: Agar diffusion assay, chloramphenicol eye drop, heat-degraded, sunlight-induced, low-cost method

Abstract: Here, we studied the effect of protective media supplemented with sucrose, glycerol, and maltose on the preservation of the rabies virus vaccine strain L. Pasteur during storage at various temperatures. The temperature of 37ºС was found not to be suitable for virus storage. If needed in production the temperature of 5ºC can be used for virus storage up to two weeks in protective medium with 5% glycerol, which allows preserving 81% from initial activity in these conditions. At –20 and –80ºC, after 24 months of storage, a decrease in virus activity to non-valid level to be used in rabies products manufacturing was observed, which is likely due to the influence of "a solution effect" and "time recrystallization". Considering the production need to use these temperature conditions......

Keywords: rabies virus, cell culture, long-term storage, protective media, virus preservation, virus infectious activity.

Abstract: Polyploidy or make greater in number of chromosomes have been found in living cells of plants as well as animals. Polyploidy is the strength of modern genetics or modern molecular technology in pharmacognosy to provide something new or combinations of characters in the field of plant breeding programs of medicinal plants and also for foods or crops. So the polyploidy is a perfect, popular and futuristic matter for review. Polyploidy is the most essential and useful because life on earth is present mainly, who depends on foods or crops and medicines for live their life. New significant for genome duplications should be measured with ancient ideas and new challenges of meiosis and mitosis. By the help of polyploidy we can be belief predicts which are crops and medicinal plants, usefully improved to obtained stable autopolyploids and which genomes or species adapted....

Keywords: Polyploidy, genetics, molecular technology, plant breeding, meiosis, mitosis, autopolyploidy & allopolyploidy.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic observed in Wuhan city and spread rapidly around the world is linked to a new coronavirus called SARS-Cov-2 (for Severe Acute Respiratoy Coronavirus Syndrome 2). Doctors, pharmacologists, biochemists, chemists and virologists are now trying to find effective treatment for this virus. Better knowledge of the genetic and molecular characteristics of the SARS-Cov-2 can help researchers to find the effective treatment. The objective of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the genomic and molecular characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 virus and to present the possible strategies for treating this pandemic. Until now, it can be concluded that SARS-Cov-2 virus, which is a retrovirus, has developed several strategies to escape the immune system during......

Keywords: Coronavirus, medicinal plants, immune system, antigenic determinants, genomic sequence, pandemic, Covid-19

Abstract: The major goal of nanotechnology is to produce nano materials with controlled properties like, size and shape which can serve the human being, marine species and ecosystem through diverse applications. Rhizophora mucronata Mangrove bark extract supported the synthesis of highly effective andsubstantial AgNPs. The synthesis of AgNPs from 1.0 mL of Rhizophora mucronata extract was optimized at different Physiological and biological condition at a concentration of pH 7.0 and 1.0 mM ofAgNO3at 37◦C.The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ZETA potential and Atomic force Microscopy (AFM). The Zeta potential value was-20.3 mV wherein the AFMenvisage the 3D structure of the nanoparticles ranging from~78 to~99 nm. The results confirm,consistent and high degree of stable nanoparticles of Rhizophora mucronata Mangrove bark extract could be used as immunostimulants, which will expand the possibilities of further research on disease controlling trialson marine animals.

Key words:Mangrove bark extract, ZETA potential, Atomic force Microscopy

Abstract: Curcuma longa or turmeric, belongs to family Zingiberaceae, has many beneficial properties to be discovered for bioprospecting. The rhizome that consists of primary and secondary metabolites i.e carbohydrates, protein, saponin, tannin, flavonoid (includes curcumin), phenol, and sterol makes turmeric acceptable and extremely valuable for human consumption, drugs and natural colorant industry, and animal additional feed. Turmeric also provides biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-HIV especially in dealing with human diseases through some mechanism of actions. In addition, turmeric plays role as a growth promotor, health protector, and quality and quantity product improver for livestock, while in fishery it acts as growth promotor, anti-bacterial, and color improver for ornamental fish. Those advantageous benefit demonstrate C. longa as a promising medicinal plant for further product development based on industrial purporse, particularly that comes from curcumin

Keywords:biological activity, bioprospecting, Curcuma longa, fishery, livestock, phytoconstituent, turmeric

Abstract: To determine the plant Musa acuminata potential as an anti-mosquito agent. Larviciadal efficacy of hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts of leaves of Musa acuminata were evaluated against 3rd instar larvae of Aedes albopictus treated with different concentrations (20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) and a simultaneous control at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The mortality rate varies dose-dependently. The test for larvicidal activity with different solvent extracts showed significant efficiencies against Aedes albopictus. The outcome of the toxicity test was impressive. The study reveals that the different solvent extracts of M. acuminata could be an effective natural alternative to getting control over the Aedes mosquito vector. Further study is required to study the effective changes that occur in terms of the larval mortality pathways involved.

Keywords: Musa acuminata, solvent extract, Aedes albopictus, larvicide, mortality.