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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Studies on Biosorption of Different Metals by Isolates of Aspergillus Species |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Ratnasri P.V || Hemalatha K.P.J |
Abstract: Bioremediation of heavy metal pollution remains a major challenge in environmental biotechnology. Industrial effluents loaded with heavy metals are a cause of hazard to humans and other forms of life. In this present study the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC Acc. No 1399) and Aspergillus tubingensis (MTCC Acc. No 1398) were tested for metal sorption capacity. Maximum biosorption was observed with mercuric chloride [HgCl2] by A.fumigatus (85.34%) and Cobalt chloride [CoCl2] (73.05%) by A.tubingensis. The FTIR analysis indicated the broad and strong bands at 3500 to 3000cm-1which can be attributed to overlapping of –OH and –NH stretching. The band at 2900 attributed the C-H, at 1620 to 1590cm-1 due to the C=O, and amide groups, at 1400 cm-1 N-H bending in the amine groups, at 1025 cm-1 to CO stretching of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Thus the A.fumigatus and A.tubingensis biomass contain hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups on their surface.
[1]. J. Wang and C. Chen. Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology Advances.,24, 2006, 427-451.
[2]. A. Kapoor, T. Viraraghavan and R.D. Cullimore, Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technology. 70, 1999, 95-104.
[3]. N.L. Iskandar, N.A.I.M. Zainudin and S.G. Tan, Tolerance and biosorption of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) by filamentous fungi isolated from a freshwater ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(5), 2011, 824-830.
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[6]. T.R. Muraleedharan, L. Lyengar and C. Venkobachar, Biosorption: an attractive alternative for metal removal and recovery. GenSci.,61, 1991, 379-85.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Evaluation of the Anti-malarial effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia glaberrima (Asteraceae) |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | M. I. Abdullahi || A. Uba || A. Yunusa || H. A. Kaita || A. H. Yaro || S. Hassan || A. M. Alhassan || A. Umar || S. S. Bello || I. Nasir || Z. Y. Y. Ibrahim || C. O. Alebiosu || A. J. Yusuf |
Abstract: The emergence of drug-resistant strains has compromised the efficacy of several anti-malarial drugs, including the artemisinins. Many species of Vernonia, family Asteraceae, have been employed in traditional medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, microbial infections and malaria. The anti-malarial effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia glaberrima was investigated using Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK65) infected mice, according to Riley and Peters curative test model. Three test groups of mice were orally administered with the suspension of the graded doses of the extract at 300, 150 and 75 mg/Kg body weight for four consecutive days; a reference drug, Chloroquine phosphate (5mg/Kg) group, and the negative control group (0.2ml distilled water) were similarly administered. The level of chemo-suppression obtained on the eighth day was a function of the reduction in parasitemia as estimated from the mice tail blood smear.
[1]. Abdullahi MI, Uba A, Yaro AH, Maxwell O, Yusuf AJ, Kabir S, Alhasan AM, Umar A, Bello SS, Nasir I (2015). Phytochemical Screening, Acute Toxicity study and Evaluation of Antidiabetic properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia glaberrima (Asteraceae). J Pharm Chem Biol Sci. 3(2): 169-177.
[2]. Abosi AO and BH Raseroka (2003). "In vivo antimalarial activity of Vernonia amygdalina." British Journal of Biomedical Science. 60(2): 89.
[3]. Adebayo JO and Krettlia AU. (2011). Potential antimalarials from Nigerian plants: A review.Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133: 289–302
[4]. Al-Magboul AZ, Bashir AK, Salih AM, Farouk A, Khalid SA. (1988). Antimicrobial activity of certain Sudanese plants used in folkloric medicine: screening for antibacterial activity (V). Fitoterapia. 59: 57-62.
[5]. Ayoola G, H Coker et al., (2008). "Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 7(3): 1019-1024.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Determination of butylated tin species in biota samples by derivatization and GC-MS analysis |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Abdulmumin A. Nuhu || Mohsen A. Al-shatri |
Abstract: Tributyltin and its degradation products were determined in ten species of biota collected from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Following digestion of the samples with acetonitrile, liquid-liquid extraction was performed and the extract was analyzed on GC-MS system after derivatization of the polar analytes. The method has good linearity in the concentration range of 0.05-10 μg/g wet weight. Limits of detection at signal-to-noise ratio of three (S/N = 3) for this analysis ranged between 9.3 and 12.9 ng/g wet weight. Precision (%RSD) for three determinations was 10-13%. Results indicated that both TBT and DBT were found in all species while MBT was only present in Indian Mackerel, Solea and Barracuda fish. In each biota sample, the total of the three organotin species averaged 8.21 μg/g wet weight with trivially fish having the highest value of 11.73 μg/g wet weight, and Emperor fish recording the lowest value of 4.085μg/g wet weight.
[1]. Harino H, Fukushima M, Yamamoto Y, Kawai S, Miyazaki N (1998) Organotin compounds in water, sediment, and biological samples from the port of Osaka, Japan. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35:558-564.
[2]. Ruedel HP, Lepper P, Steinhanses J, Schroeter-Kermani C (2003) Retrospective Monitoring of Organotin Compounds in Marine Biota from 1985 to 1999: Results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7:1731-1738.
[3]. Harino H, O'Hara SCM, Burt GR, et al. (2003) Organotin compounds in Mersey and Thames Estuaries a decade after UK TBT legislation, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 83:11-22.
[4]. Hajjaj el Hassani L, Frenich AG, Vidal JLM, Muros MJS, Benajiba MH (2005) Study of the accumulation of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds and their main metabolites in the sea bass, Dicentrachuslabrax, under laboratory condition. Sci. Total Environ 348: 191-198.
[5]. Ikeda KT, Minami M, Yamada H, Koyama J, Kagaku K (2002) Bioaccumulation of organotin compounds through the food web developed in the deep water of the Japan Sea. J. Environ. Chem. 12:105-114.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | In Silico Analysisof Constitutive dicot TubulinGene Promoter |
Country | : | Pakistan |
Authors | : | Hira Mubeen || Muhammad Waseem Shoaib || Sadaf Shoaib || Saima Jabeen || Shahid Raza |
Abstract: Gene transformation is a valuable application used to introduce foreign genes into plants. The expression of transgenes is regulated by the promoter attached upstream to the gene. Promoters are non coding DNA sequences which occur upstream of the coding region of gene. They are transcription control modules that control overall expression profile of the gene. A variety of promoters is necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in plants from basic research to the development of economically viable crops and plant commodities.Plant gene promoters are categorized into constitutive, inducible, tissue-specific and synthetic/ hybrid promoters.
[1]. Battraw MJ, Hall TC.1990. Histochemical analysis of CaMV 35S promoter-b-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants.Plant Molecular Biology 15, 527–538.
[2]. Benfey PN, Ren L, Chua NH. 1990. Tissue-specific expression from CaMV 35S enhancer subdomains in early stages of plant development.
[3]. The EMBO Journal 9, 1677–1684.
[4]. Blanchette M., Sinha S., 2001.Separating real motifs from their artifacts.Bioinformatics. 17, 30–38.
[5]. Christensen, A.H., Sharrock, R.A., Quail, P.H., 1992. Sequence analysis and transcriptional regulation by heat shock of polyubiquitin transcripts from maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 18, 675-689.
[6]. Hernandez-Garcia, C.M., Martinelli, A.P., Bouchard, R.A., Finer, J.J., 2009. A soybean (Glycine max) polyubiquitin promoter gives strong constitutive expression in transgenic soybean. Plant Cell Rep. 28(5), 837-49.
[7]. Potenza, C., Aleman, L., Sengupta-Gopalan, C., 2004. Targeting transgene expression in research agricultural, and environmental applications: promoters used in plant transformation. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 40, 1-22.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activity of Abrus precatorious leaves on Albino rats |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Rajesh Asija || Himanshu Baheti || Radhey Shyam Kumawat || Divya Sharma |
Abstract: The Plant Abrus precatorious Linn. (family-Fabaceae) is known to have wide-ranging medicinal properties. Ethanolic extract of Abrus precatorious leaves were administered to investigational rats. To study the analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory effects of Ethanolic extract of Abrus precatorious leaves in suitable monster models, the foliage of Abrus precatorious were extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extract hence obtained was screened meant for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity using Eddy's hot plate method and carrageenan induced paw edema method in albino rats correspondingly. Tramadol as well as Diclofenac sodium were used as standard drugs for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity correspondingly. The analgesic effect was evaluated in albino rat by Eddy's hot plate method and compared with the standard, Tramadol (5 mg/kg body weight).
[1]. Oyedapo OA, Adewunmi CO, Iwalewa EO, and Makanju VO: Analgesic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related activities of 21-hydroxy-2, 41-dimethoxychalcone and 4- hydroxychalcone in mice. Journal of Biological Sciences 2008; 8(1):131–136.
[2]. Anil kumar M: Ethnomedicinal plants as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents," in Ethnomedicine. A Source of Complementary Therapeutics. 2010; Research Sign post, India, 267–293.
[3]. Conforti F, S. Sosa S, Marrelli M. et al: The protective ability of Mediterranean dietary plants against the oxidative damage: the role of radical oxygen species in inflammation and the polyphenol, flavonoid and sterol contents. Food Chemistry 2009; 112 (3): 587–594.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Protective Role Of Alternanthera Sessilis (Linn.) Silver Nanoparticles and Its Ethanolic Extract against Rotenone Induced Parkinsonism |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Sibi P Ittiyavirah || Jahanara Hameed |
Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of neurons in specific locations of the central nervous system. It is this topographical arrangement of neuronal death that accounts for the specific clinical manifestations of each disease. Indeed, a major consequence of this neuronal loss is to induce changes in the functioning of the neuronal circuits downstream to the lesions and these changes are responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease.
[1]. Hirsch,E.C., 2007. Animal models in neurodegenerative disease. J of neural trans. Suppl. 72, pp.87-90.
[2]. Pahwa,R., Lyons,K.E., 2010. Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease:recommendations from diagnostic clinical guidelines. Am J Manag Care, 16, pp 94-99.
[3]. Hickey,P., Stacy,M., 2011. Available and emerging treatments for Parkinson's disease: a review. Drug Des Devel Ther, 5, pp. 241-254.
[4]. Chen,J.J., 2010. Parkinson's disease: health-related quality of life, economic cost, and implications of early treatment. Am J Manag Care, 16, pp.87-93.
[5]. Arshad,M., Nisar,M.F., Ismail,A.M.S., Ahmad,M., 2011. Ethnomedicinal Flora in District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Middle-East J. Sci. Res, 9, pp.209-214.
[6]. Aliev,G., Daza,J., Lipsitt,A., Martı´nez-Agu¨ero,M., Palacios,H.H., Fischbach,K., Obrenovich,M.E., LaManna,J.C., Bragin,V., Morales,L., Pontificia Silver nanoparticles as alternate strategies for drug delivery to alzheimer brain. P2-217
[7]. Shanmugaraj,B.M., Reshma, A., Deepika,R., Balamurugan,S., Sathishkumar,R., 2013. Antioxidant capacities of Amaranthus tristis and Alternanthera sessilis: A comparative study. Journal of Medicinal SPlants Research, 7(30), pp.2230-2235. doi: 10.5897/JMPR2013.2567
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | The possible neurotherapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on AlCl3- induced Alzheimer's disease in adult albino rats |
Country | : | Egypt |
Authors | : | Said M. M || Gehan A. Elmenoufy |
Abstract:Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of stem cells and rivastigmine drug as well as their combination on rat- model of AlCl3 induced AD .
Materials and methods: 80 adult male albino rats were enrolled in this study in 5 equal groups (16 rats each). Gr. I remained untreated and served as negative control. The remained rats were administered a daily oral dose of AlCl3 (100mg/Kg b.w) allover the experimental period (12 weeks) .After the induction ofAD (28 days, Gr.2 served as positive control ,Gr.3 received a single dose of aqueous infusion of stem cells (106 cells/ rat) for 8 weeks,Gr.4 received a daily dose of rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg b.w) ,Gr.5 received a combination of stem cells and rivastigmine for 8 weeks.
[1]. Berchtold NC and Cotman CW (1998): Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and AD, Greco-Roman period to the 1960 s, Neurobiol Agin, 19-173
[2]. Walton JR (2006) : Aluminum in hippocampal neurons from humans with AD . Neurotoxicology, 27,
[3]. Christopher J (2004): Search strategies used by APP transgenic mice during navigation in the morris water maze. Learn Mem, 11,436-446.
[4]. Min W, Samuel SN, Joshua BA, Changqing X, Ronald SD and Meenakshi A (2003) : Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors activate septohippo-campal GABAergic neurons via muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors. JPET, 307,2,535- 543.
[5]. Pratico D and Delanty N (2000) : Oxidative injury in diseases of the central nervous system focus on AD. Am J Med 109,577-585.
[6]. Koneko N, Yasui H, Takada J, Suzuki K and Sakurai H (2004) : Orally administrated aluminum maltolate complex enhances oxidative stress in the organs of mice. J Inorg Biochem, 98,2022-31.
[7]. Dringenberg HC, Laporte PP and Diavolitis P(2000): Increased effectiveness of tacrine by deprenyl co-treatment in rats:EEG and behavioural evidence. Neuroreport, 11, 35, 13-16.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Cantharellus cibarius on Trypanosoma brucei brucei |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Abedo, A. J || Shettima, F. || Abdullahi, R || Mazadu, M. || Hussaini, M. || Muhammed, H., || Ogar,M.U. || Tasie,C.P. |
Abstract: The present study investigates the therapeutic activity of Cantharellus cibarius on Trypanosoma brucei brucei In vitro and In vivo. Several extracts acquired from this plant, were tested for anti trypanosomal activity In vitro and at different concentrations. The ethanolic extract had the highest activity In vitro and was further analysed for In vivo activity on rats infected with Trpanosoma brucei brucei. The groups were treated intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days with extract concentration ranging from 100-400mg/kg of body weight. The group treated with 400mg/kg of Cantharellus cibarius had significant reduction in parasiteamia and their life span was prolonged up to the 15 day post infection and all other groups treated with other doses, including the control, all died between days 6th-7th post infections.
[1]. R. Nurulaini, O. Jamnah, M. Adnan, C. M. Zaini, S. Khadijah, A. I. Rafiah and P. Chandrawathani. Mortality of domesticated java deer attributed to Surra. Tropical Biomedicine 24(2) (2007): 67-70.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of oral-hypoglycemic agents at hospital in Bangalore |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Abdelaziz MSL || Shobha Rani H || Ravindranath S || Ramjan shaik || Mohamed Kasim || Anas abdul salam |
Abstract: the study aimed to conduct Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of oral-hypoglycemic agents using cost effectiveness analysis. Methodology: The study was conducted in a hospital at Bangalore for 9 months period. In-patients who were diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and were receiving treatment specifically with oral-hypoglycemic agent(s) were included in the study. Various treatment-related expenses were determined and tabulated from patient case note. The data obtained was introduced to cost-effectiveness analysis to arrive at the most cost effective oral-hypoglycemic agent. To determine the significant difference between the treatment alternatives statistical test (ANOVA) was introduced.
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[7] Zhuo F, Elizabeth RG, Dongmin L. Regulation of Insulin Synthesis and Secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2013;9 (1):25-53.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Establishment of Simple Colorimetric Method of Analysis Artesunate in Tablets |
Country | : | Sudan |
Authors | : | R. A. Mahgouba || M. H. Awad b || H.E. Elkhidra |
Abstract: Artesunate (ARTS) is a readily available anti-malarial in combination therapy, the standard method used to determine the authenticity of ARTS tablets involves high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In many countries, resources to purchase and maintain such equipment are expensive and not always available. Primary aromatic amine was treated with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid for diazotization reaction followed by coupling with Artesunate at pH 4, 6, and 8 medium to form a yellow colored azo dye compound which exhibits maximum absorption (λmax) at 420 nm.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. and its potential applications |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Harshada Chandrashekhar Sakpal || Geeta Narayan |
Abstract:A thermophilic strain producing thermostable protease and cellulase was isolated from hot water springs. The strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. The protease was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Thermostable alkaline protease showed highest activity and stability at pH (10-11) and at temperature 55°C. Enzyme activity increased in the presence of metal ions like Ca2+ and Cu2+. The bacterial isolate produces a serine protease. The supplementation of the enzyme in detergents could significantly improve the cleansing performance towards the blood stains and suggest its possible use as a detergent additive. The enzyme also showed potential for application as a dehairing agent.
Keywords: Alkaline Protease; Bacillus licheniformis; Detergent; Dehairing agent; Thermostable
[1] Vijayaraghavan, P., Vijayan, A., Arun, A., Jenisha, J., & Vincent, S. G. P. (2012). Cow dung: a potential biomass substrate for the production of detergent-stable dehairing protease by alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis strain VV.SpringerPlus, 1(1), 76. [2] Jellouli, K., Ghorbel-Bellaaj, O., Ayed, H. B., Manni, L., Agrebi, R., & Nasri, M. (2011). Alkaline-protease from Bacillus licheniformis MP1: purification, characterization and potential application as a detergent additive and for shrimp waste deproteinization. Process Biochemistry, 46(6), 1248-1256. [3] Zilda, D. S., Harmayani, E., Widada, J., Asmara, W., Irianto, H. E., Patantis, G., & Fawzya, Y. N. (2013). Screening of thermostable protease producing microorganisms isolated from Indonesian hot spring. SQUALEN, Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 7(3). [4] Akel, H., Al-Quadan, F., & Yousef, T.K. (2009). Characterization of a purified thermostable protease from hyperthermophilic Bacillus strain HUTBS71. Eur J Sci Res, 31(2), 280-8. [5] Mani,P.,Johnbastin,T.M.M.,Arunkumar,R.,Lalithambikai,B.,Brindha,B.,Rinikarunya,R.,…&Kannan,V.R.Thermostable alkaline protease from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis and its application as a laundry detergent additive (2012).International Journal of Medicine and Biosciences.Int J Med Biosci, 1(3), 18-26.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Combined Phytochemicals From Gongronema latifolium and Ocimum Gratissimum leaves Extracts Potentiate In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging. |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Itoro. Friday Usoh || Henry Dan Akpan || EdetOkon Akpanyung1 |
Abstract: This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of ethanolic leaves extracts of Gongronemalatifolium (GL) and Ocimumgratissimum (OG) against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. The results of phytochemical investigation of the two leaves extracts unveiled the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins. The extracts of OG and GL singly and in combination possessed the potency to quench 50% free radicals significantly (P<0.05) at the inhibitory concentrations (IC50 in μg/ml) of 199.48, 598.68 and 399.20 respectively for combined (GLOG), GL and OG in DPPH scavenging test, and 193.20, 376.44 and, 376.72 for GLOG, GL and OG respectively in NO scavenging test when compared to ascorbic acid (standard).
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Preliminary Investigation of IBR in Buffaloe (Bubalusbubalis) and Cattle (Cross Bred) in Baghdad/ Iraq. |
Country | : | Kurdistan |
Authors | : | Waffa. A. Ahmed || Ameer H. Abdul Ameer || Amera Al-Rubba || Luma. |
Abstract: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an economically important disease of cattle and buffaloes, and causes abortions, infertility, meningeal encephalitisو and keratoconjunctivitis. The aim of the study was to determine seroprevelence of the IBRantibodiesin two herds, 26buffaloes and 21 cow related agriculture research office and veterinarymedicine college respectively in Baghdad, these animals did not take any vaccination program against the disease.For the serum samples tested with enzyme-linked immunosoarbentassay(ELISA) used specifically for detection IBR antibodiessurvelence, which was apartof survey for detection of the disease in cattle &buffaloe in Baghdad. The results showed the highest seropositivity percentage in buffaloes 65.36%(17:26), while in cattle showed the lowest seropositivity 4.7%(1:21). These results showed that buffaloes are more susceptable than cattle to the infection in this study.
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[2]. Ackermann, M., and Engels, M. (2006). Pro and contra IBR-eradication, Veterinary Microbiology 113:293–302.
[3]. Ardhana, Sharma D R, Dhand N K, Singh J and Gumber S. (2004). Status of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Punjab state. IndianJournal of Animal Sciences 74(3): 264-66.
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[5]. Trangadia, B.J., Rana, S.K., Mukherjee, F., Srinivasan, V.A.,2009. Prevalence of brucellosis and infectious bovinerhinotracheitis in organized dairy farms in India. TropicalAnimal Health and Production 42 (2), 203-207
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Isolation and characterization of the seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus (2014) from an Egyptian patient |
Country | : | Egypt |
Authors | : | R.N. Abd-Elshafy || D.N. Abd-Elshafy || I.A. Hammad || R.M. Elbaz || E. Abdel Ghaffar || A.E. Sheta || S. Shalaby || A.S. Mahgraby || M.M. Bahgat |
Abstract: This study reports on an isolate of seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus from an Egyptian patient. Virus detection in the clinical sample was carried out via RT-PCR using specific primers targeting the M2-gene. The virus propagating in MDCK cells was only successful upon addition of TPCK trypsin to the inoculums and showed both mild pathogenicity and replicative capacity resulting in virus titer of 10 4.24 TCID 50 ml -1 after 4 days post infection. It was further confirmed to be influenza "A" virus by Western blotting using specific polyclonal antibody raised against the M1-viral protein antigen and delimited to be one of the swine influenza A subtypes using specific rapid antigen detection kit.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effects of Selected Probiotics on the Growth and Survival of Fry – Fingerlings of Clarias Gariepinus |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Omenwa, V.C. || Mbakwem-Aniebo, C. || Ibiene, A.A. |
Abstract: The effects of selected probiotic candidates - Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas flourescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae - on the growth and survival of the fry and fingerlings of the catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated. The specific growth rate and percentage survival of the fry and fingerlings exposed to the probiotic candidates were evaluated. The fingerlings showed significant improvement in specific growth rate (P<0.05) in all the treatments except in the treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Percentage survival was highest in the treatment with Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus (96.22%) and least in the treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (42%).
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