IOSR-JMR  One day international conference on Recent Advances in Functional Materials for Energy, Environmental And Life Sciences

Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed modern society; however, it has also led to the generation of a new form of waste known as digital waste. Digital waste includes discarded electronic devices (e-waste), redundant data storage, inefficient software systems, and the excessive energy consumption of digital infrastructure. This study reviews the sources, scale, environmental and health impacts, and management challenges associated with digital waste. Using secondary data from global monitoring agencies, graphical trends of e-waste generation and recycling are presented. The paper emphasizes sustainable design, circular economy approaches, and policy interventions as key strategies for mitigating the growing digital waste crisis.

Keywords: Digital waste, e-waste, data waste, recycling, sustainability, circular economy

[1]. Forti, V., Baldé, C. P., Kuehr, R., & Bel, G. (2024). The Global E-waste Monitor 2024. United Nations University (UNU), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA).
[2]. Lepawsky, J. (2021). Electronic waste: A reference handbook. Bloomsbury Academic.
[3]. Sandwal, S. K., Jakhar, R., & Styszko, K. (2025). E-waste challenges in India: Environmental and human health impacts. Applied Sciences, 15(8), 4350. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084350
[4]. World Health Organization. (2024). Electronic waste (e-waste). WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electronic-waste-(e-waste)
[5]. Central Pollution Control Board. (2023). Status of e-waste management in India. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.

Abstract: Studies on the synthesis and characterization of doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films for gas sensing applications have been a subject of significant research interest due to their potential in developing high-performance, cost-effective, and robust gas sensors. The primary focus of these studies is to enhance the gas sensing performance of intrinsic (ZnO) by incorporating various dopants. Doping is employed to modify the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the (ZnO) thin films, which directly influence their sensitivity, selectivity, and response/recovery..........

Keywords
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MOS based gas sensor
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Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Nano Material
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Doping
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Zinc oxide (ZnO)

[1].A. Ghosh, C. Zhang, S. Q. Shi, and H. Zhang, ‘High-Temperature Gas Sensors for Harsh Environment Applications: A Review’, Clean (Weinh), vol. 47, no. 8, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1002/CLEN.201800491.
[2].F. Aliyu and T. Sheltami, ‘Development of an energy-harvesting toxic and combustible gas sensor for oil and gas industries’, Sens Actuators B Chem, vol. 231, pp. 265–275, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.SNB.2016.03.037.
[3].S. E. Moon, N. J. Choi, H. K. Lee, J. Lee, and W. S. Yang, ‘Semiconductor-type MEMS gas sensor for real-time environmental monitoring applications’, ETRI Journal, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 617–624, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.4218/ETRIJ.13.1912.0008.
[4].R. Jana, S. Hajra, P. M. Rajaitha, K. Mistewicz, and H. J. Kim, ‘Recent advances in multifunctional materials for gas sensing applications’, J Environ Chem Eng, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 108543, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JECE.2022.108543.
[5].P. Shankar, J. Bosco, and B. Rayappan, ‘Gas sensing mechanism of metal oxides: The role of ambient atmosphere, type of semiconductor and gases-A review Preparation of nanostructured ZnO using Pulsed laser ablation View project Image Steganography View project’, Sci Lett J,.

Abstract: Imidazole and its derivatives are vital heterocyclic compounds found in numerous natural products and pharmaceutical drugs. Molecules containing the imidazole core exhibit a wide range of important pharmacological and biological activities. Compounds containing an imidazole ring system exhibit a wide range of.......

Keywords
Multicomponent Reactions, N-containing heterocycles, trisubstituted/tetra-substituted imidazoles, organocatalyst

[1]. Joule, J. A., & Mills, K. (2010). Heterocyclic chemistry (5th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
[2]. Sheldon, R. A. The E factor: Fifteen years on Green Chemistry, Open J. of Applied Sciences, 2007, 9(12), 1273–1283.
https://doi.org/10.1039/b713736m
[3]. Banik, B. K.; Banerjee, B.; Kaur, G.; Saroch, S.; and Kumar R. Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB) Catalyzed Synthesis of
Bioactive Heterocycles. Molecules, 2020, 25(24), 5918
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245918
[4]. Majid M. Heravi and Vahideh Prescribed drugs containing nitrogen heterocycles: An overview. RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 44247-44311.
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA09198G
[5]. Amer A. Amer and Antar A. Abdelhamid Microwave-Assisted, One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Some New Cyanopyridine. J.
of Hetero. Chem, 2017, 54(6), 3126-3132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2926

Abstract: Salinity is one of major abiotic stresses that adversely affect crop productivity and quality. In the present investigation effect of NaCl salinity on antioxidant enzymes of the leaves of sodium loving plant Trianthema portulacastrum L. was studied. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) increased up to 200 mM NaCl concentration and beyond these levels the contents decreased marginally. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased with increasing NaCl salinity levels in both the culture media. This increased activity.....

KeyWords: Antioxidant enzymes, Salinity, Trianthema, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase

[1]. Carrasco-Rios L. and Pinto M. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves of two contrasting corn, Lluteno‟ and Jubilee. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 2014;74:1: 89-95.
[2]. Caverzan A, Passaia G, Rosa BS, Ribeiro CW., Lazzarotto F and Pinheiro MM, plant reponses to stresses ; role of ascorbic peroxidase in the antioxidant protection. Genet.Mol.Biol., 2012; 35 (4) : 1011-1019
[3]. Gao S, Ouyang C, Wang S, Xu Y, Tang L, and Chen F, Effects of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcus L. seedlings. Plant and Soil Environ. 2008; 54:(9) : 374-381.
[4]. Giannopolitis CN, and Ries SK, Superoxide dismutase.1. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 1977; 59(2): 309-314.
[5]. Gratao P L, Polle A, Lea PJ and Azevedo RA, Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Funct. Plant Biol. 2005; 32 (6) : 481-494.

Abstract: Background: Nitrogen-containing heterocycles represent indispensable scaffolds in numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and functional materials. Traditional synthetic approaches for N-heterocycles frequently involve volatile organic solvents, corrosive reagents, or non-reusable catalysts, leading to environmental concerns and limited sustainability. In response, the adoption of greener reaction media and catalytic systems has become major............

Keywords: Ionic liquids, nitrogen heterocycles, green synthesis, recyclable media, sustainable catalysis

[1]. Vitaku E, Smith DT, Njardarson JT. Analysis of the structural diversity, substitution patterns, and frequency of nitrogen heterocycles among U.S. FDA approved pharmaceuticals. J Med Chem. 2014;57(24):10257–10274.
[2]. Eicher T, Hauptmann S, Speicher A. The Chemistry of Heterocycles. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2013.
[3]. Joule JA, Mills K. Heterocyclic Chemistry. 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2010.
[4]. Katritzky AR, Rees CW, Scriven EFV. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1996.
[5]. Michael JP. Quinoline, quinazoline and acridone alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep. 2008;25(1):166–187.

Abstract: Now- a- days green synthesis have received crucial attention as a reliable, developing and ecofriendly protocol for synthesizing nanomaterials. In recent years biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is in more demand as this method is ecofriedly, biocompatible and easy to synthesize nanomaterials. According to ayurvedic literature the cow urine has a medicinal properties used to cure various diseases like diabetes, blood pressure, anti-asthma, anticancer.....

Keywords- Cow urine, Biosynthesis, Biomedical

[1] Rane, A. V., Kanny, K., Abitha, V. K., & Thomas, S. (2018). Methods for synthesis of nanoparticles and fabrication of nanocomposites. In Synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials (pp. 121-139). Woodhead publishing. [2] Suryanarayana, C. C. K. C., & Koch, C. C. (2000). Nanocrystalline materials–Current research and future directions. Hyperfine interactions, 130, 5-44. [3] Nasrollahzadeh, M., Sajadi, S. M., Sajjadi, M., & Issaabadi, Z. (2019). An introduction to nanotechnology. In Interface science and technology (Vol. 28, pp. 1-27). Elsevier. [4] Nasir, A., Kausar, A., & Younus, A. (2015). A review on preparation, properties and applications of polymeric nanoparticle-based materials. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 54(4), [5] Prasad, R. D., Sahoo, A. K., Shrivastav, O. P., Charmode, N., Kamat, R., Kajave, N. G., ... & Prasad, N. R. (2022). A review on aspects of nanotechnology in food science and animal nutrition. ES Food & Agroforestry, 8, 12-46

Abstract: This review synthesizes findings from 25 recent phytosociological studies conducted in Maharashtra between 2019 and 2025. Collectively, these studies documented a total of 728 plant species belonging to 325 families. Each study focused on specific locations within Maharashtra, using standardized methods such as quadrat sampling and relevé to record plant diversity. Key phytosociological parameters analysed included density, frequency, dominance, basal area, Importance Value Index (IVI), regeneration status, maturity index, and species diversity.....

Keywords: Phytosociology, Plant diversity, Importance Value Index (IVI), Maturity index, Anthropogenic disturbances, Conservation

[1]. Anuragi, S. (2025). Ecological studies of tree vegetation of Chhatarpur district (M.P.) India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 13(1), 37–41.
[2]. Bagul, R. M., and Patil, M. A. (2019). Phytosociological studies on the vegetation of Manudevi, Vaijapur and Pal Forest areas in Jalgaon district – Maturity index. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 231-233
[3]. Deore, N. S., and Jadhav, J. T. (2025). Maturity index of Baripada Forest of Dhule District, Maharashtra (India). International Journal of Research Culture Society, 9(4), 129–131.
[4]. Dudipala, R., Kolagani, C., Lakshmi, S. A., Shukla, P., Chepyala, S., Podishetti, V., Swamynath, S., Basai, N., and Bhargavi, C. (2023). Species diversity, phytosociological attributes and regeneration status of Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(10), 1743–1757.
[5]. Jadhav, J. T. (2021). Phytosociological studies on the vegetation of some Satana forest of Nashik District, Maharashtra: Maturity index. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 45-46

Abstract: Lithium-cadmium ferrite samples with composition Li0.5-x/2Fe2.5-x/2CdₓO₄ (x =0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) were synthesized by the conventional ceramic method. The variation of normalized ac susceptibility with temperature and Cd content were studied. Samples with x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 show a clear blocking temperature, indicating.........

Keywords - Ferrite, AC susceptibility, Temperature, Cd content, Superparamagnetic state.

[1]. Galt J.K. Motion of ferromagnetic domain wall Fe3O4. Phys. Rev. 85 (1952) 684.
[2]. Kulkarni R.G. and Joshi H.H.The magnetic properties of the MgZn ferrite system by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Sol. Stat. Commun. 53 (1985) 11
[3]. Boldha G.J., Upadhyaya R.V. and Kulkarni R.G. Magnetic and structural properties of Mg𝑥Zn1−𝑥Fe2O4 system Mat. Res. Bull. 21 (1986) 1015.
[4]. Naik A.B., Sawant S.R., Patil S.A. and Powar J.I. On the variation of a.c. susceptibility with emperature for some Cu-Li ferrites. Bull. Hater. Sci. 11 (1988) 315.
[5]. Sawant S.R., Birajdar D.J. and Patil R.N. Interpretation of microstructure dependent magnetic properties of cobalt substituted lithium ferrite. Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys. 28 (1990) 424.

Abstract: Lithium ferrite (LiFe5O8 / Li0.5Fe2.5O4) is an important spinel ferrite material known for its high Curie temperature, low dielectric loss, good magnetic stability, and chemical robustness. These properties have made it a subject of continuous research for applications such as microwave devices, gas sensors, photocatalysis, and energy-related technologies. In this work, lithium ferrite is explored through the sol–gel synthesis route, which offers better control...

Keywords - Lithium ferrite; Spinel ferrite; Sol–gel synthesis; Nanostructured materials; Magnetic properties; Electrical properties; Cation distribution; Multifunctional applications

[1]. Goldman, Alex. Modern Ferrite Technology. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2006.
[2]. Smit, J., and H. P. J. Wijn. Ferrites. Eindhoven: Philips Technical Library, 1959.
[3]. Cullity, B. D., and C. D. Graham. Introduction to Magnetic Materials. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011.
[4]. Valenzuela, Ricardo. Magnetic Ceramics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
[5]. Gorter, E. W. “Saturation Magnetization of Ferrites.” Philips Research Reports 9 (1954): 295–304.

Abstract: Soil-borne fungal diseases have a major issue in agriculture because they are not readily detected until the onset of symptoms in plants. Although conventional methods of diagnosis are effective, they are time consuming and not ideal for use in the rapid diagnosis of the condition in the field. The use of biosensor-based devices appears to be a viable alternative in the rapid detection of pathogenic fungi in soil. This review highlights the problem of soil-borne fungal diseases in agriculture, the limitations of conventional diagnosis, and the potential of biosensors. The review highlights the various sensors in use, their mechanisms of functioning, and advancements made in biosensor research...

Keywords - Soil-borne fungal diseases, biosensors, plant pathogen detection, agricultural soils, early disease diagnosis

[1]. Chen, L., Lü, G., Yang, S., Gong, B., Lu, Y., Wu, X., Li, J., and Gao, H. (2024). Advances in the detection technology of vegetable soil borne fungi and bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology. [2]. Lazcka, O., Del Campo, F. J., and Muñoz, F. X. (2007). Pathogen detection: A perspective of traditional methods and biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 22(7), 1205–1217. [3]. Memon, R., Niazi, J. H., and Qureshi, A. (2024). Biosensors for detection of airborne pathogenic fungal spores: a review. Nanoscale. [4]. Nguyen, H. A., Anh Thi, N. P., Thien Trang, N. P., Ho, T., Trinh, T. N. D., Tran, N. K. S., and Trinh, K. T. L. (2024). Recent advances in biosensors for screening plant pathogens. Analytical Methods. [5]. Oerke, E. C. (2006). Crop losses to pests. Journal of Agricultural Science, 144(1), 31–43

Abstract: Background: Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has gained significant attention due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable nature. Plant-mediated synthesis avoids the use of toxic chemicals and utilizes naturally occurring phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. Rotheca serrata (Bharangi) is a medicinal plant.......

Keywords: Rotheca serrata; Copper nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Phytochemical screening.

[1]. Ghosh, M. K., Sahu, S., Gupta, I., & Ghorai, T. K. (2020). Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from an extract of Jatropha curcas leaves: Characterization, optical properties, CT-DNA binding and photocatalytic activity. RSC Advances, 10(37), 22027–22035. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA03186K
[2]. Mahendran, K. V., Rajan, R. K. V., Priyadarshini, & Ramesh, R. (2025). Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Boerhaavia diffusa: Evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-diabetic activities. Journal of Neonatal Surgery, 14(1S). https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.1600

Abstract: In vitro culture technique is now a days becoming a popular tool for the conservation of rare, endemic and endangered plants. In the family Cucurbitaceae in- vitro propagation of different members has been reported by several researchers. In the present research work in- vitro rooting and hardening is tried for excised shoots of Momordica. cymbalaria. Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) were tried separately. IBA found more suitable for this purpose.

Keywords : Momordica cymbalaria, Rooting, Hardening, IBA, NAA

[1]. Biljana, B., Dunja, L., Levanic, Snjezana, M., Srecko J., and Sibila, J. (2004). Formation of embryogenic callus in hairy roots of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo l.); In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 40:182–187.
[2]. Chittapur R. (2015) Momordica cymbalaria a nutritious underutilized vegetable taxonomy, nutritional, medicinal, propagation, hybridization and cytological aspects, International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research ,Vol. 5, Issue 4, 255-262
[3]. Gamborg, O.L; and Phillips, G.C. (2004). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ culture Fundamental methods, Narosa publishing House, New Delhi, India, 420.
[4]. Johnson, M., Villinayagam, S., Manickam, V. S. and Seeni, S. (2002). Micropropagation of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. A medicinally important plant. Phytomorphology. 52(4): 331-336.
[5]. Madhale, S. V. and N. S. Chavan (2009). Ecological status and identification of threat level of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. f. from some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Int j. for Usuf . mngt. 10(2): 66-70.