IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov. 2026

Abstract: The car parks problem is a global one. This research paper studies car parks facilities and their distribution throughout the city of Zawiya, the size of each car park area, and the suitability of their distribution to the services available in the city. It also examines the relationship between car parks and traffic congestion in the city, seeking the best solutions to traffic congestion, and exploring smart car parks solutions to find the nearest available space as quickly as possible....

Keywords: Car Parks - Traffic jams - streets

[1]. Urban Development Office in the City of Zawiya
[2]. Roads and Bridges Authority – Zawiya City
[3]. The Impact of the Transport Sector on Economic Growth in Algeria: An Econometric Study Using the ARDL Model (1980–2017), Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla – 2025 Article.
[4]. Zawiya Security Directorate, Vehicle Licensing Office
[5]. ArcGIS Pro, Basemap

Abstract: Yoga is one of the 6 āstika darśana of Indian Philosophy founded by the great saint Maharṣi Patañjali, believed to be existing around 4th century BC. He has written the most famous text known as Patañjali Yoga Sutra, consisting of 196 sutras. Sutra means formula in mathematics. But here sutra means formula/thread/ basic knowledge which can lead a person to samādhi/ liberation/mokṣa. It is done in 8 broad steps. They are, yama, niyama, āsana, prāṇāyāma, pratyāhāra, dhārṇā, dhyāna, samādhi. Yoga is not only āsana, prāṇāyāma or meditation. Its main objective....

[1]. Traditional Dictionary Monier-Williams, (Wisdom Library+1)) Vyadhin, Vyādhī, Vyādhi, Vyadhi, Vyādhin: 44 definitions
[2]. Vyādhi-styāna-samśaya-pramād-ālasya-avirati-bhrāntidarśan-ālabdhabhūmikatvānavasthitatvāni-cittavikṣepāste’ ntarāyāḥ. Patañjali Yoga sutra (PYS) 1.30[3].
Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha, Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar India, fourth revised edition 2008, ISBN:978-81-86336-14-4 pg.1
[4]. Yogaścitta vṛtti nirodhaḥ. PYS 1.02
[5]. Tadā draṣṭuḥ svarūpe’vasthānam. PYS 1.03

Abstract: Thomas Hardy subtitled Tess of the d’Urbervilles “A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented,” a claim that makes sense only if purity and reputation can be pulled apart. This article argues that Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) supplies the most exact vocabulary for that separation, not because Hardy borrowed it but because the two texts anatomise the same mechanism. Wollstonecraft diagnoses a reputational economy....

Keywords: Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, reputation, double standard, education, economic dependence, Victorian fiction

[1]. Blake, K. (1982). Pure Tess: Hardy on knowing a woman. Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, 22(4), 689–705.
[2]. Boumelha, P. (1982). Thomas Hardy and women: Sexual ideology and narrative form. Harvester Press.
[3]. Garson, M. (1991). Hardy’s fables of integrity: Woman, body, text. Clarendon Press.
[4]. Gatrell, S. (1988). Hardy the creator: A textual biography. Clarendon Press.
[5]. Godwin, W. (1798). Memoirs of the author of A vindication of the rights of woman. J. Johnson.
[6]. Gordon, L. (2005). Vindication: A life of Mary Wollstonecraft. Virago

Abstract: Social stratification is a fundamental feature of social organisation, shaping the distribution of wealth, power, prestige, and opportunities across societies. Although sociological theories have traditionally examined stratification through competing functionalist and conflict perspectives, its relationship with economic development...

Keywords: Social stratification, social inequality, economic development, social mobility, institutional arrangements, comparative sociology, social reproduction

[1]. Balestra, C., & Ciani, E. (2022). Current challenges to social mobility and equality of opportunity. OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities, No. 10. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/a749ffbb-en
[2]. Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J.-C. (1977). Reproduction in education, society and culture (R. Nice, Trans.). Sage.
[3]. Davis, K., & Moore, W. E. (1945). Some principles of stratification. American Sociological Review, 10(2), 242–249.
[4]. Marx, K. (1976). Capital: A critique of political economy (Vol. 1, B. Fowkes, Trans.). Penguin Books. (Original work published 1867)
[5]. Tumin, M. M. (1953). Some principles of stratification: A critical analysis. American Sociological Review, 18(4), 387–394. https://doi.org/10.2307/2087551

Abstract: This article offers a constructive exegetical and liturgical reading of “The Ordinance of the Sacred Seats,” a text presented in archaic ceremonial language but unsupported by any identifiable manuscript witness, critical edition, or received liturgical book. Methodological candour therefore requires treating it not as an ancient source but as a modern, constructed exemplar: a theological composition that gathers biblical, patristic, and ritual motifs..

Keywords: liturgical order, sacred space, constructive exegesis, inculturation, Nigerian Church, ars celebrandi, active participation

[1]. Apostolic Constitutions. Translated by James Donaldson, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, vol. 7, Christian Literature Publishing, 1886.
[2]. Augustine. City of God. Translated by Henry Bettenson, Penguin Classics, 2003.
[3]. ----------- The City of God. Translated by Marcus Dods, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 2, edited by Philip Schaff, Christian Literature Publishing, 1887.
[4]. Basil the Great. On the Holy Spirit. Translated by Blomfield Jackson, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, Christian Literature Publishing, 1895.
[5]. Catechism of the Catholic Church. 2nd ed., Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997.

Abstract: The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), launched by the Government of India in 2014, is one of the most ambitious sanitation initiatives aimed at achieving an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India. By focusing on infrastructure development, behavioral change, and waste management, the mission has significantly improved sanitation coverage, reduced open defecation, and enhanced public health outcomes. This article explores the journey of the Swachh Bharat..

Keywords:Swachh Bharat Mission; Open Defecation Free; Sanitation coverage; Behavioral change; Community Participation Approach

[1]. Chakrabarti, S., Gune, S., Bruckner, T. A., Strominger, J., & Singh, P. (2024). Toilet construction under the Swachh Bharat Mission and infant mortality in India, Scientific Reports, 14(1), 20340.
[2]. Government of India. (2024). Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Dashboard: Status Report on ODF and ODF Plus Villages. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Retrieved from https://sbm.gov.in/sbmgdashboard/statesdashboard.aspx
[3]. Kamalika Gosh (2015) Nadia ends open defecation; sets example under Swachh Bharat, Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/nadia-ends-open-defecation-sets-example-under-swachh-bharat-115082900820_1.html [4]. Lalitha Ranjani (2019) Sakkimangalam Selvi’s Swachh success, Available at: https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Sep/21/sakkimangalam-selvis-swachh-success-2036652.html
[5]. Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs. (2024). Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) Progress Report 2024. Government of India.

Abstract: The security situation in Nigeria is dominated by a range of complex and transnational challenges such as terrorism, violent extremism, armed banditry, farmer–herder conflicts, maritime insecurity, separatist agitations, and organised crime. These challenges have revealed the inadequacies of Nigeria’s security architecture and highlighted the salience of regional and global peace and security governance. The article investigates the extent to which regional and international organisations have been able to engage with Nigeria's current security dilemmas and..

Keywords:African Union, ECOWAS, Nigeria, Peace and Security Governance, Regional Security Complex Theory, United Nations

[1]. African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism. (2024). Annual terrorism situation and trend report in Africa. African Union Commission.
[2]. African Union. (2002). Protocol relating to the establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union. https://au.int/en/treaties/protocol-relating-establishment-peace-and-security-council-african-union
[3]. African Union. (2016). African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA): Roadmap 2016–2020. African Union Commission.
[4]. African Union. (2020). Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2030: Implementation framework. African Union Commission.
[5]. African Union. (2024). Communiqué of the Joint Consultative Meeting between the African Union Peace and Security Council (PSC) and the ECOWAS Mediation and Security Council (MSC). https://www.peaceau.org/uploads/1.comm-psc.ecowas-en.pdf.

Abstract: This research thesis presents a comprehensive geographical and empirical evaluation of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact of rapid industrialization within the Kotputli-Behror region from 2021 to 2026. The Kotputli-Behror district, strategically positioned along the National Highway 48 (NH-48) and part of the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) influence zone, has undergone unprecedented industrial development over the last few.....

Keywords: Industrialization, Environmental Degradation, Kotputli-Behror Region, Atmospheric Pollution, Socio-Economic Transformation, Slum Proliferation (Malin Bastis), Sustainable Regional Planning, Environmental Equilibrium.

[1]. Alexander, J.W.: Location of Manufacturing - Methods of Measurements, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1958.
[2]. Alexandersson, G.: Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1967.
[3]. Barthwal, R.R.: Industrial Economics - Wiley Eastern Limited, Delhi, 1984.
[4]. Bhatia, S.S. (1995): Pattern of crop concentration and Diversification in india, Economic Geography.
[5]. Bhole, G. (1983): The Cowery Delta, An investigation into History and Determination of agrarian Development and rural development, Indian Geographical Journal, Vol. 58, No. 1.