IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2020

Abstract: Dowry has been a never-ending problem of the parents of every girl child in many cultures. The practice which was once prevalent in order to cater to the comforts of their newly-married daughter has developed into a deliberate tradition. In the olden days, there was good rainfall and thereby ample harvest. Most of the people never faced any kind of poverty. Thus, they were ready to perform pompous weddings and also send their daughters along with a lot of farm produce and ornaments as a token of their love. As the new couple had to set up a home of their own, and their dear daughter had to henceforth live all by herself – the parents of the girl were willing to provide the girl with material comforts like kitchen utensils, bedroom furniture and a couple of chairs for the living...

Key Word: Dowry, indebtedness, selling of properties & inhumanity

[1]. Visalakshi, Dwivedula. Repati Velugu. Vijayawada: Sahithi Publishers, 2010. Reprint.
[2]. https://www.lexico.com/definition/dowry
[3]. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dowry

Abstract: Ismat Chughtai‟s oeuvre predominantly deals with women‟s issues more specifically delineates the subject of marriage in the Muslim society. She has gone in to the psyche of Indian women who are always seen in the light of tradition, marriage boundaries or familial life. The present paper tries to seek how the writer has presented the
realities of women‟s lives through the concept of marriage. How differently Chughtai has seen marriage or women‟s concerns in relation to marriage and in what all different contexts? How the writer uses marriage as a metaphor to unravel the psyche of women? Have women in her writings reacted against the societal norm, when
and how? Is the writer trying to project that.....

Keywords: Marriage, women, Chughtai, husband

[1]. Akhtar Banu Suhrawardy, Shaista. A Critical Survey on the Development of Urdu Novel and Short Story. Longman Green and Co.: London, 1945.
[2]. Assaduddin, M. Ismat Chughtai Lifting the Veil: Selected Writings. Penguin Books: India, 2009.
[3]. Garg, Mridula. "Metaphors of Womanhood in Indian Literature".
[4]. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40644725
[5]. Naqvi, Tahira (trns). Vintage Chughtai: A Selection of Her Best Stories. Women Unlimited: New Delhi, 2013.

Abstract:Inequality is the state of being unequal in rewards, status, rights and opportunities. Environmental inequality occurs when particular groups are unduly burdened by environmental hazards.The concern about inequalities in urban centres and its impact on environmental quality has led to an increasing interest on how to measure the
urban inequalities that exists and its influence on environmental qualities in urban centres. This study appraised the effects of housing inequality on environmental quality in Diobu Mile II and GRA Phase II neighbourhoods in Port Harcourt city, Rivers state, Nigeria. The ex-post facto design was employed for this study. Through a
household survey, 369 respondents were randomly sampled in each of the two neighbourhoods. T-test technique was used to test the significant difference.......

KEYWORDS: Inequality, Housing Types, Sanitation, Environmental Quality

[1]. Adama, O. (2012). Urban Governance and Spatial Inequality in Service Delivery: A Case Study of Solid Waste Management in Abuja, Nigeria, Waste Management and Research, 30(9), 991-998.
[2]. Aigbokhan, B. E. (2000). Poverty, growth and inequality in Nigeria: A case study, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi Kenya.
[3]. Aigbokhan, B. E. (2017). The price of inequality in Nigeria, Presidential Address, 58th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Economic Society, Abuja.
[4]. Alvaredo, F., Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E. and Zucman, G. (2018). World Inequality Report, World Inequality Lab.
[5]. Ayotamuno, J. M. and Gobo A. E. (2004). Municipal solid waste management in Port Harcourt, Nigeria Obstacles and prospects, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 15(4), 389-398..

Abstract: A child is a natural learner and knowledge is the natural outcome of a child‟s own experiences and activities. Academic achievement is of utmost importance at each and every learning stage. And, it is imperative during the transition phases i.e. transition from lower primary to the upper primary stage and from upper primary to the elementary stage and from elementary to secondary stage and so on. The academic achievement needs to be maintained at an adequate level while the child is in transition stages. Literature says that often a decline in academic achievement has been observed during or following a transition stage (Barone et al., 1991). This decline in academic achievement, however, may have several causes other than those related to the transition phase. Some researchers have attributed it to the child‟s perceptional changes as they are entering the next higher level, considering...

[1]. Barons, C., Aguirre-Deandreis, A. I. & Trickett, E. J. (1991). Means-ends problem-solving skills, life stress and social support as mediators of adjustment in the normative transition to high school. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 207-225.
[2]. Bates, P. J. (1998). Multimedia in education: The transition from primary to secondary schools. PJB Associates, Europian Parliament, Luxembourg. http://www.pjb.co.uk/16-17/schools.htm
[3]. Bui, G. & Teng, M. F. (2019). Task planning and task-readiness. In J.I. Liontas, T. International Association and M. DelliCarpini (Eds.), The TESOL encyclopaedia of english language teaching, 12(1),1-7. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0972
[4]. Cotterell, J.L. (1986). The adjustment of early adolescent youngsters to secondary school: Some Australian findings. In M.B. Youngman (Ed.), Middle schooling transfer: Problems and proposals, 66-86. London: NFER Nelson.
[5]. Eccles, J. & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109-132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153.

Abstract: Artists have always borrowed elements from the work of other artists; however, the practice of directly appropriating pre-existing images with little transformation is a relatively recent phenomenon. Appropriation art and design challenge longstanding assumptions about originality and authorship. This essay analyzes the legal implications of appropriating art, through examinations of several recent high-profile copyright infringement cases in U.S. courts. Several of the cases involve fashion designers appropriating street art and graffiti. The cases demonstrate a delicate balancing act of protecting the rights of original artists and encouraging proper practices by later artists and designers. As technological innovation and open access to imagery continues to grow, so too will the legal issues implicated in appropriation art..

Key Words: Appropriation art, Copyright, Duchamp, Graffiti, Street art

[1]. Beebe, Martin. (2020). ―Beebe v. Rauschenberg and Artists' Rights.‖ Retrieved from: https://www.mortonbeebe.com/beebe-v-rauschenberg-and-artists-rights/
[2]. Benjamin, Walter. (1969). "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Hannah Arendt (ed.) Harry Zohn (Trans.). New York: Schocken Books.
[3]. Boucher, Brian. (2014). ―Landmark Copyright Lawsuit Cariou v. Prince is Settled.‖ Art in America. Retrieved from: https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/landmark-copyright-lawsuit-cariou-v-prince-is-settled-59702//
[4]. Cariou v. Prince, United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. Apr 25, 2013714 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 2013).
[5]. Copyright.gov. (2020). ―More Information on Fair Use.‖ Retrieved from: https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html.

Abstract: The paper is premised on the intersection of popular fiction and history through narrativizing events. Language plays an important role in the revelation of a country's historical transformation. Writers use elevated language to foreground Kenya's historical transformation. Fictionalization of history is one mode the society is read and interrogated. The focus of the discussion is narrative techniques and how they interweave historical concerns within the Kenyan context. The paper is premised on the exploration of historiographic dimension as narrativized in selected popular texts. The major contention is that popular literature narrativizes the country's historical moments. The paper locates itself within New Historicist and Formalist theoretical frameworks. New Historicism as propagated by.......

KEYWORDS: Formalism, Historiography, historicization, literariness, narrativize, New Historicism.

[1]. LeBihan, J. & Green, K. (1996) Critical Theory and Practice. Routledge, (92) Print.
[2]. Shklovsky, V. (1965). Art as Technique. In T. &. Lemon, Russian Formalist Criticitism: Four Essays (pp. 3 - 24). University of Nebraska Press.
[3]. Newton, K. (1988). Formalism and Prague Structuralism. In K. Newton, Twentieth Century Literary Theory (pp. 21 - 38). Palgrave.
[4]. Hutcheon, L. (2014), "Literature Meets History: Counter - Discoursive Comix". 1999 . 18th August, Web.
[5]. Brown, J. (1998) "Historical Fiction or Fictionalized History?" The Alan Review Vol. 26:1

Abstract: According to a report by the Ministry of Gender, the parity of drug and substance use between boys and girls may be occurring due to changes in girls‟ social behaviour. Factors related to changes in the performance of gender roles, family structures, women‟s struggle for space in the job markets, stress, excessive activity, anxiety, and difficulty in coping with problems contributed to increased prevalence of alcohol and other drugs among girls. The increase in drug and substance abuse among girls may have some correlations to indiscipline cases among them in secondary schools. According to the Ministry of Education Report, 2016, there were over 120 cases of school unrests of which more than 50 were reported in girls‟ schools. Majority of these cases were associated withdrug and substance......

Key words: Drug, Substance, Types, Commonly Abuse.

[1]. Abur, J. (2014). Drug and substance abuse among secondary school students, in Embakasi District, Nairobi County. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 5(3), 447-457
[2]. Adelekah, P., Makanjuola, E., Ndom, U., Fayeye, Y. Adegoke, M., & Amusan, K. (2015). On the importance of peer influence for adolescent drug abuse: commonly neglected considerations. Journal of Addiction, 91(2), 185-198
[3]. Ajayi, K., & Ekundayo, S. (2010). Mental Health of Adolescents who abuse psychoactive substance in Enugu, Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study, Italian Journal of Pediatrics 36(1), 40-53
[4]. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Survey, (2017) Nakuru County HIV & AIDS Strategic Plan 2015/2016 - 2018/2019
[5]. Chebukaka, R. (2012). Drug and substance abuse among Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya, the Case of Vihiga County.International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (4)3, 345-456

Abstract: After decades of the subject being at the top of all organisation's agenda to increase the gender diversity in male- dominant industries, still the advancement of hiring women in these industries are very slow. This research article intended to explore the chances of Women Laborers Taking over Manly Jobs at Hussein Atieh and Sons Company in Amman-Jordan ―being a male dominant environment‖ on increasing the performance of the organisation. A questionnaire was usedto collectdata. The sample was randomly chosenfrom a population of (100) employees working in middle and low levels.75 employees responded to the questionnaire but 29 of them either did not answer the questionnaire fully......

Key words: Women Laborers, Manly Jobs, Performance, Turnover, Productivity, Work Atmosphere, Reputation.

[1]. Anonymous. (2012). Weaknesses in South Africa's progress with women's equality in the Millenium development goals. Agenda: Empowering women for gender equity, 26(1), 91–103.
[2]. Akingbade, R.E. (2010). Between a rock and a hard place. Backlash towards agentic women aspiring to high ranking jobs in Nigeria. Gender and Behaviour, 8(2), 3265–3278.
[3]. Ashraf, M. (2007). Factors affecting female employment in male-dominated occupations: evidence from the 1990 and 2000 census data. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(1), 119–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2006.00022.x