iosr-JEEE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2024

Abstract: Micro manufacturing has emerged as a critical area of study and research, driven by the growing demand for miniaturized devices and components in various industries.This paper presents an overview of the theory behind micro manufacturing, focusing on the key principles, processes, and challenges associated with producing microscale components.Micro manufacturing is rooted in the fundamental principles of traditional manufacturing processes, but with a focus on scaling down these processes to produce components with dimensions ranging from micrometers....

Keywords: Micro-Mechanical, Micro-Manufacturing, Microproducts And Design Considerations For Manufacturing, Material Factors, Considerations On Manufacturing Methods, Manufacturing Methods And Processes, Process Chains And Hybrid Processes

[1]. M.Gadelhak, Micropumps, Microturbines, And Flow Physics In Microdevices, Proceedings Of Spie – The International Society For Optical Engineering 5055 (2003) 242257.
[2]. R.A.M.Receveur, F.W.Lindemans, N.F.De Rooij, Microsystem Technologies For Implantable Applications, J.Of Micromechanics And Microengineering 17 (5) (May 2007) R50r80.
[3]. R.E.Williams, S.Melkote, W.Sun, Y.Huang, B.Kinsey, D.G.Yao, Recent Advances In Micro/Mesoscale Manufacturing Processes, American Society Of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, Med 162 (2005) 863884.
[4]. L.De Chiffre, H.Kunzmann, G.N.Peggs, D.A.Lucca, Surfaces In Precision Engineering, Microengineering And Nanotechnology, Cirp Annals Manufacturing Technology 52 (2) (2003) 561577.
[5]. L.Alting, F.Kimura, H.N.Hansen, G.Bissacco, Micro Engineering, Cirp Annals Manufacturing Technology 52 (2) (2003) 635657.

Abstract: Amidst growing concerns over global energy demands and climate change, the transportation sector, particularly metro train systems, stands at the forefront of energy conservation efforts. This paper investigates the enhancement of energy efficiency in metro trains through the adoption of regenerative braking systems and the integration of Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices. Focusing on traction, which accounts for 60-80% of a metro system's energy consumption, our study reveals the potential of regenerative braking to significantly reduce energy usage....

Keywords: si based igbt devices; sic based mosfet devices; static (rl) load; dynamic (traction motor) load

[1]. Ahmed Elasser And T. Paul Chow, "Silicon Carbide Benefits And Advantages For Power Electronics Circuits And Systems", Proceedings Of The Ieee, Vol. 90, No.6, June 2002, Pp. 969-986
[2]. Kenji Hamada, Shiro Hino, Naruhisa Miura, Hiroshi Watanabe, Shuhei Nakata, Eisuke Suekawa, Yuji Ebiike, Masayuki Imaizumi, Isao Umezaki, Satoshi Yamakawa, |3.3 Kv/1500 A Power Modules For The World's First All-Sic Traction Inverter", Japanese Journal Of Apllied Physics 54, 04dp07 (2015), Pg. 04dp07-1-04dp07-4
[3]. Tsuyoshi Funaki, Juan C. Balda, Jeremy Junghans, Anuwat Jangwanitlert, Sharmila Mounce, Fred D. Barlow, H. Alan Mantooth, Tsunenobu Kimoto, Takashi Hikihara, |Switching Characteristics Of Sic Jfet And Schottky Diode In High –Temperature Dc-Dc Power Converters", Ieice Electronics Express, Vol. 2, No.3, Pg. 97-102
[4]. Tsuyoshi Funaki, Juan C. Balda, Jeremy Junghans, Avinash S. Kashyap, Fred D. Barlow, H. Alan Mantooth, Tsunenobu Kimoto, Takashi Hikihara, "Sic Jfet Dc Characteristics Under Extremely High Ambient Temperatures", Ieice Electronics Express, Vol.1, No.17, Pg. 523-527
[5]. Dmrc Design Documents And Manuals

Abstract: This paper addresses the important need to implement measures for reducing electricity consumption in higher education institutions, focusing on technical, economic, and environmental benefits. The rationale behind these measures stems from the substantial advantages they offer in enhancing facility utilization, improving educational efficiency, and fostering environmental stewardship. With the context of the northwestern region of Mexico experiencing high....

Keywords: LED lighting, energy savings, emissions reduction, efficient lighting

[1]. Anderson, T. R., Hawkins, E., & Jones, P. D. (2016). Co2, The Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming: From The Pioneering Work Of Arrhenius And Callendar To Today's Earth System Models. Endeavour, 40(3), 178–187.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Endeavour.2016.07.002
[2]. Buira, D., Tovilla, J., Farbes, J., Jones, R., Haley, B., & Gastelum, D. (2021). A Whole-Economy Deep Decarbonization Pathway For Mexico. Energy Strategy Reviews, 33, 100578. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Esr.2020.100578
[3]. De Souza, D. F., Da Silva, P. P. F., Fontenele, L. F. A., Barbosa, G. D., & De Oliveira Jesus, M. (2019). Efficiency, Quality, And Environmental Impacts: A Comparative Study Of Residential Artificial Lighting. Energy Reports, 5, 409–424.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Egyr.2019.03.009
[4]. Hernandez-Ochoa, I. M., Asseng, S., Kassie, B. T., Xiong, W., Robertson, R., Luz Pequeno, D. N., … Hoogenboom, G. (2018). Climate Change Impact On Mexico Wheat Production. Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 263, 373–387.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Agrformet.2018.09.008
[5]. Krarti, M. (2018). Advanced Building Energy Efficiency Systems. Optimal Design And Retrofit Of Energy Efficient Buildings, Communities, And Urban Centers, 45–115. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-12-849869-9.00002-8

Abstract: As technology advances, the demand for electrical energy also increases. Electricity demand has become a measure for the country's development. Since the operating lines must operate close to their thermal stability limits, the electrical equipment must use the available transmission capacity to meet the demand and large power. Lines operating near or above the thermal stability limit will cause system malfunction or even system failure. One way to increase the transmission capacity without operating the casing to the limit of its thermal stability is to......

Keywords: statcom,facts devices,svc,ieee bus,newton-raphson

[1] Titus, M. G. (2015). Reactive Power Compensation Using Statcom For Single Phase Distribution System. 2015 International Conference On Circuits, Power And Computing Technologies [Iccpct-2015]. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/Iccpct.2015.7159530
[2] Tien, D. V., Gono, R., Leonowicz, Z., & Krejci, P. (2019). Load Flow Analysis In Power System Network Incorporating Statcom: A Comparison Of The Direct And Indirect Algorithm Of The Newton-Raphson Method. Advances In Electrical And Electronic Engineering, 17(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.15598/Aeee.V17i1.3054
[3]
Lawal, M. O. (2023). A Simple Approach To Incorporating Statcom Into A Newton-Based Power Flow And Optimal Power Flow Algorithms. Journal Of Electrical Technology Umy, 7(1), 9-19. Https://Doi.Org/10.18196/Jet.V7i1.17957
[4]
Megha, Purohit, Raunak Jangid, Kapil Parikh, And Ashish Maheswari. "Flow Analysis Of Transmission System Incorporating Statcom."
[5]
U.A. Bakshi, And M.V. Bakshi, "Transmission And Distribution," Fourth Revised Edition

Abstract: More applications are using non-linear power electronic equipment, which distorts the current distribution system and creates significant Power-Quality (PQ) issues. These sophisticated non-linear power electronics, such as rectifiers and switch-mode power supplies, cause reactive power issues and harmonic current distortions that deteriorate the purity of source waveforms at the distribution system's common coupling/feeding point (PCC). Modern power systems must be designed with dependable power filters that reduce voltage and current harmonics......

Keywords: Power Quality (PQ), Common Coupling Point(PCC), Shunt Active Power Filter(SAPF), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).

[1] G. Thomas. Hedyt, "Electrical Power Quality: A Tutorial Introduction", Ieee Computer Applications In Power, Vol. 11, Pp. 15-19, Jan. 1998.
[2] J. Stones And A. Collinson, "Power Quality," In Power Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, Pp. 58-64, April 2001.
[3] R. C. Dugan, M. F. Mc Granaghan, Surya Santoso And H. W. Beaty, "Electrical Power Systems Quality", Mcgraw-Hill, New York, Usa, 2003.
[4] Baggini Angelo, Zbigniew Hanzelka, "Hand Book Of Power Quality", John Wiley And Sons Ltd., Pp.187-236, 2008.
[5] Edward F. Fuchs, M. A. S. Masoum, "Power Quality In Electrical Machines And Power Systems", Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, Usa, Pp.1-35, Pp.359-375, 2008

Abstract: This paper explores strategic approaches for enhancing sustainability and urban mobility in rapidly growing cities through effective metro system management. Examining successful case studies, it emphasizes technology integration, operational optimization, and stakeholder collaboration. The research underscores the role of emerging technologies and data analytics in decision-making. Findings offer actionable insights for metro operators, urban planners, and policymakers, guiding the development of sustainable metro systems. The study also advocates for a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, addressing objectives such as accessible transport, safety, pollution reduction, efficiency, and u1·ban environment enhancement.

Keywords: Urban mobility, Micro mobility, Mobility as a Service (MaaS), Internet of Things (IoT).

[1]. Photovoltaic Electric Scooter Charger Dock For The Development Of Sustainable Mobility In Urban Environments. (2020). Ieee Journals & Magazine | Ieee Xplore. Https://Ieeexplore.Ieee.Org/Document/9195537?Denied=
[2]. Hachette, M., & L'hostis, A. (2023). Mobility Hubs, An Innovative Concept For Sustainable Urban Mobility? In Springer Ebooks (Pp. 245–278). Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-031-35664-3_14
[3]. Islam, R. (2022, September 1). A Study On Urban Mobility In Northern Cities Of Bangladesh. Arxiv.Org.
Https://Arxiv.Org/Abs/2209.03752
[4]. Mohapatra, S., M, D. K., Dwivedi, G., Kesharvani, S., Harish, V. S. K. V., Verma, S., & Verma, P. (2023). A Comprehensive Study On The Sustainable Transportation System In India And Lessons To Be Learned From Other Developing Nations. Energies, 16(4), 1986. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/En16041986
[5]. Rahman, M., Akther, S., & Recker, W. (N.D.). The First And Last Mile Of Public Transportation: A Study Of

Abstract: Cyber Security plays an important role in the field of information technology .Securing the information have become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. When ever we think about the cyber security the first thing that comes to our mind is cyber crimes which are increasing immensely day by day. Various Governments and companies are taking many measures in order to prevent these cyber crimes. Besides various measures cyber security is still a very big concern to many. This paper mainly focuses on challenges faced by cyber security on the latest technologies .It also focuses on latest about the cyber security techniques, ethics and the trends changing the face of cyber security.

[1] Adams, Anne, Martina Angela Sasse, And Peter Lunt. (1997). Making Passwords Secure And Usable. In: People And Computers XII - Proc. Of The 7th International Conference On Human-Computer Interaction (HCI'97), Springer.
[2] Balfanz, Dirk, Glenn Durfee, Diana K. Smetters, And R. E. Grinter. (2004). In Search Of Usable Security: Five Lessons From The Field. Security & Privacy, IEEE, Vol. 2(5), 19-24.
[3] Barth, Bradley. (2018). Monero Bug That Doubled Coin Transfer Amounts Allowed Attackers To Steal From Altex.Exchange. SC Magazine, 3 August 2018.
[4] Borodkin, Michelle. (2001). Computer Incident Response Team.
[5] Bursztein, Elie, Jonathan Aigrain, Angelika Moscicki, And John C. Mitchell. (2014). The End Is Nigh: Generic Solving Of Text-Based Captchas. In: Proceedings Of The 8th USENIX Workshop On Offensive Technologies