iosr-JEEE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2022

Abstract: High-velocity information associations with high adaptability and cost-adequacy are given by free-space optical (FSO) correspondence. FSO linkages are dependent upon climatic impacts including mist, choppiness and smoke. In this paper, investigates involving a hybrid FSO & RF innovation in last-mile access organizations to guarantee to connect accessibility in every climate situation. Impedance among FSO and RF parts, plan conservativeness, management quality, and vigor are the specialized issues. A customary RF radio signal framework known as the Cassegrain radio wire is utilized in the plan, and another mixture radio wire plan technique is proposed. an.....

Keywords: FSO; FSO/RF Performance Improvement; RF; Optical Communication

[1]. Xiaoming Zhu; J.M. Kahn....

Abstract: The article is about a new family Z-source boost DC-DC converter for the PV solar application, for boosting high voltage gain, which is required to amplify a weak source voltage to a predetermined grid voltage. The proposed converter incorporates a conventional Z-source network to enhance the boost capability of the conventional Z-source network. The hybrid dual quasi-Z-source boost DC-DC converter is a revised version of the proposed Z source network converter which is combined with the traditional, and advantages of Z-source networks with greater boost capability for AC and DC power conversion. All the graphics results of the converter are represented and the converter presents better performance and comparison with other converters, the proposed converter was simulated by PSIM Software.

Keywords: DC-DC converters, photovoltaic (PV), Z source inverters

[1]. Veerachary, M., and Kumar P., Analysis and Design of Quasi-Z-Source Equivalent DC-DC Boost Converters. 2020. 56(6): p. 6642-6656.
[2]. Salvador, M. A., et al., Nonisolated high-step-up dc-dc converter derived from switched inductors and switched-capacitors. 2020. 67(10): p.8506–8516.
[3]. Shiluveru, K., Singh, A., Ahmad A., and Singh, R. K., Hybrid buck-boost multioutput quasi-Z-source converter with dual DC and single AC outputs. 2019. 35(7): p7246-7260.
[4]. Tang, Y., et al., Hybrid switched-inductor converters for high step-up conversion. 2019. 62(3): p.1480–1490.
[5]. Maroti, P. K., et al., New tri-switching state non-isolated high gain dc-dc boost converter for microgrid application. 2019. 12: p. 2741–2750.

Abstract: This research study demonstrates that a higher surface field-effect mobility of electrons can be obtained in a n-channel 4H-SiC-MOSFET device by fabricating it on the (11 0) epitaxial surface. The article also gives a method to find the properties of a MOS device on any parabolic semiconductor, given the transverse and longitudinal electron effective masses in the semiconductor and its bandgap, without fabricating the MOS device. Finally, the study also highlights a significant scientific concept of physics that, the electron effective masses in semiconductors and insulators are not only related to the mobility through drift velocity, but are also related to the intrinsic Fermi energy below the conduction band of the semiconductor through the relation dE/E equals dm/m, where dE is the differential kinetic energy of the moving electron, E is the semiconductor bandgap, dm is the effective mass of the electron in the material and m is the free electron mass.

Keywords: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Silicon Carbide, Intrinsic Defects

[1]. R.K. Chanana, "A new method for calculating charged deep level defects density in doped semiconductors from the band offsets of MIS device interfaces", IOSR-J. Appl. Phys., 8(4), 53-56 (2016).
[2]. R.K. Chanana, "Intrinsic Fermi level and charged intrinsic defects density in doped semiconductors from the band offsets of MIS device interfaces", IOSR-J. Appl. Phys., 9(6), 1-7 (2017).
[3]. R.K. Chanana, "Linear model for the variation of semiconductor bandgap with high temperature for high temperature electronics", IOSR-J. Electrical and Electronics Engg., 16(6), 5-8 (2021).
[4]. C. Kittel, "Semiconductor Crystals", in Introduction to Solid State Physics, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, pp.207-248, 1976.
[5]. Richard Williams, "Photoemission of electrons from silicon into silicon dioxide", Physical Review, 140(2A), 569-575 (1965)..

Abstract: This article presents optimal load frequency control (LFC) designed by a hybrid fractional order fuzzy PID (FOF-PID) controller trained via a hybrid firefly and particle swarm optimization (hFA-PSO) algorithm for multi-interconnected power system be made up of renewable energy sources (RESs). Four-area interconnected power systems comprising from hydro, thermal, photovoltaic (PV) and wind power plants are considered. A hFA-PSO is employed to explore the optimal gains of fractional order fuzzy PID (FOF-PID) controller such that the integral time square error (ITSE) criteria of frequency and tie line power deviations is diminished. Different simulations are carried out and the results are compared with the proposed controller optimized via hFA-PSO, craziness particle swarm optimization....

Keywords: Load frequency control (LFC), Interconnected multi-area power systems, fractional order fuzzy PID controller, Firefly algorithm

[1]. Gomaa Haroun A. H. and Li Y. Y., A novel optimized hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent PID controller for an interconnected multi-area power system with physical constraints and boiler dynamics, ISA Transactions, , 2017, vol. 71, pp. 364-379.
[2] Gomaa Haroun AH, Yin-Ya L. A novel optimized fractional-order hybrid fuzzy intelligent PID controller for interconnected realistic power systems. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 2019; 41(11):3065-80.
[3] Gomaa Haroun A. H., and Li Y.Y. Ant lion optimized fractional order fuzzy pre-compensated intelligent pid controller for frequency stabilization of interconnected multi-area power systems. Applied System Innovation. 2019; 2(2):17.
[4]. P. C. Pradhan, R. K. Sahu, and S. Panda, Firefly algorithm optimized fuzzy PID controller for AGC of multi-area multi-source power systems with UPFC and SMES, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2016, vol. 19, pp. 338-354.
[5]. T. Santy and R. Natesan, Load frequency control of a two area system consisting of a grid connected PV system and diesel generator, Int J Emerg Technol Comput Electron, 2015, vol. 13, pp. 456-461.

Abstract: A PID control algorithm is proposed to design of water tank PID control system through lab view-based simulation to control the water tank on the industrial level for many production processes. Firstly, by constructing a water tank liquid control system. Some mathematical model for water tank was deduced and built through many experiments. The simulation was carried out by LABVIEW software; through LABVIEW-based simulations, the results were analyzed, and easy to control/monitor the water level inside a water tank. The usage of LABVIEW software was mainly objective for maintaining the water level and monitoring according to the demand of industrial use.......

Keywords: water tank; sensors; interface; level gauge; output valve; Lab View simulation; graphic results.

[1]. Bahrin MAK, Othman MF, Azli NHN, Talib MF. Industry 4.0: A review on industrial automation and robotic. J Teknol. 2016;78(6–13).
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[3]. Li S-F, Liu Z, Wang X-J. A comprehensive review on positive cold energy storage technologies and applications in air conditioning with phase change materials. Appl Energy. 2019;255:113667.
[4]. Yasin HM, Zeebaree SR, Sadeeq MA, Ameen SY, Ibrahim IM, Zebari RR, et al. IoT and ICT based smart water management, monitoring and controlling system: A review. Asian J Res Comput Sci. 2021;8(2):42–56.
[5]. Yumurtaci M, Verim Ö. Liquid level control with different control methods based on Matlab/Simulink and Arduino for the control systems lesson. Int Adv Res Eng J. 2020;4(3):249–54.

Abstract: Nowadays there are two groups of converters used for driving LEDs - converters with and without a transformer. The total efficiency and mass/volume parameters are better for AC/DC/DC drivers without a transformer. Conventional voltage mode control and the peak-current mode control are analyzed in order to compare its output current ripple responses. A practical comparison of circuit topologies suitable for passive LED drivers is presented in with energy efficiency of 92–94 % at 50 W consumption. Dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) driver with adaptive feedback control is introduced in suitable for low-power lighting applications. The converter is applicable for......

[1]. D. de C. Pereira, W. J. De Paula, "Analysis of the low-frequency output current ripple in a buck-based LED driver under distinct control techniques", ISIE 2016, Santa Clara, CA, USA 8-10 June, 2016.
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[3]. Huang-Jen Chiu et. al., "A High-Efficiency Dimmable LED Driver for Low-Power Lighting Applications", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 57, Issue: 2, Feb. 2010, pp. 735-743.
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