iosr-JEEE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2021

Abstract: Renewable energy has been commercially popular since it can potentially reduce the harmful emissions from burning of fossil fuels which most traditional power generations rely on. The renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) system and wind energy system are among the preferred renewable energy technology in many countries. Photovoltaic systems in particular have greater potential for geographical locations that receive abundance sunlight throughout the year. Moreover, the PV systems can be made as a small scale power plant and installed near to the load centers, thus, being able to avoid transmission congestion and line losses. However, the efficiency of the solar PV conversion is quite low typically less than 20%. Therefore, the efficiency of the PV system is really an important concern. One of the method of improving the efficiency is through the use of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In this respect, therefore, this paper aims to compare the two most popular MPPT algorithms to determine which of them will be the better option for a grid-connection PV power system..

Keywords: photovoltaic, renewable energy, maximum power tracking, mppt algorithm, solar irradiance.

[1]. N. Mohan, "First Course on Power Electronics." p. 298, 2009.
[2]. E. B. Babatunde, "Public Lecture Series Solar Energy, a Friendly Renewable Energy Option for Nigeria." vol. 1, no. 15, 2007.
[3]. O. S. Ohunakin, M. S. Adaramola, O. M. Oyewola, and R. O. Fagbenle, "Generation of a typical meteorological year for north–east, Nigeria," Appl. Energy, vol. 112, pp. 152–159 Dec. 2013.
[4]. G. J. Dalton, D. A. Lockington, and T. E. Baldock, "Feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply options for a grid-connected large hotel," Renewewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 955–964, Apr. 2009.
[5]. Zainuri, MAAM Radzi, MAM Soh, NA Rahim Development of adaptive perturb and observe-fuzzy control maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic boost dc–dc converter. IET 2013.

Abstract: In this paper, the design and implementation of Speed adjustment of single-phase induction motor using microcontroller and MOSFETs is considered. The conventional Complex circuit has been replaced with the PIC microcontroller for the generation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation signals. The microcontroller produces SPWM signals that switch MOSFETs of the H-Bridge resulting in near sinusoidal waveform at the output. It acts as the controller circuit that produces carrier signal and modulating signal for the inverter. PIC16F887 is the microcontroller and IR2110 are the MOSFETs used in the work. This work offers energy efficiency, low cost and ease of operation, which makes it better than already existing works..

Keywords: H-bridge, microcontroller, MOSFET driver, speed adjustment, Single phase induction motor, pulse width modulation and spwm signals

[1]. Niraj,k. Rajeev, S. (2017)"Performance Evaluation of Three Phase Induction Motor using MOSFET and IGBT based Voltage Source Inverter" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol.4, iss.6, 2017.
[2]. Lewis, M.L. (1980). Electrical Installation Technology, Nelson Thornes Ltd.
[3]. Trupti, S.B. Anushri,S.S. Anushri, S.G. Kaware,U.W. Dehankar ,R.K. (2015). "Induction motor speed controlusing android application", International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science. vol.3, Iss.2, 2015, pp.140-142.
[4]. Hamad, S.H. Bashi, S.M. Aris, I. and Mailah, N.F.(2004). "Speed drive of single phase induction motor" IEEE, proceedings of national power & Energy conference, Kualalumpur, Malaysia2004,pp.121-126.
[5]. Jiangmin, Y. (2000). Single phase induction motor adjustable speed control using DSP and microcontroller. Course Project for ECE734 Fall Semester at UW-Madison

Abstract: Energy Management System allows the customers to control, optimize and monitor their energy consumption, which directly translates to a reduction in energy bills. This paper is aimed at addressing such issues, mostly in public places and some other places of interest. The work demonstrates the interaction between the load points referred to as nodes and a central controller, which implements measuring, monitoring, and controlling the energy consumption of various segments of the network, hence conferring on the system operator the powers to regulate the energy consumption of the network from a central point remotely. This work is achieved by measuring and studying the consumption pattern and pegging a threshold, based on a very robust energy allocation plan. The case.....

Keywords: Control Algorithm, Energy allocation, Energy Consumption, Energy management,Energy monitoring, Energy Threshold, load points, MATLAB/Simulink, Nodes.

[1] Saina A., Yogesg S. and Prasanna, V. K. (2013). Energy Management Systems: State of the art and Emerging Trends", IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol 50 (1), Pp. 112-119
[2] Elkazaz M H., Sumner M., Pholboon S. and Thomas D. (2018). Microgrid Energy Management Using a Two Stage Rolling Horizon Technique for Controlling an Energy Storage System.7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, Pp. 324- 329.
[3] Zhang L., Gari N. and Hmurcik L. V. (2014) Energy Management in a Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 80, Pp. 297--305.
[4] Sudarsanan C, ManivannanM.S.,andDivya A.C. (2015).Automation of Home Energy Management System and Energy Monitoring Using ZIGBEE and GSM.International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)Volume 3 Issue X, Pp.323-327
[5] Gang Xiong, Chen Chen, Shalinee Kishore, and Aylin Yener. (2011). Smart (In-Home) Power Scheduling for Demand Response on the Smart Grid. IEEE PES Conference Innovation on Smart Grid Technology, pp. 1-7.

Abstract: Power System Stability is investigated by simulating a set of critical contingencies to determine whether the disturbances information to classify system states. Low frequency power oscillations that occur between remote generating pools or power stations, due to different types and settings of the automatic voltage regulators at different power stations. This review paper presented a basic concept of power system stability, classification stability of power system, dynamic Stability, how to assessment the transient stability by using several methods to achieve dynamic and transient stability enhancement and modulate the power system.

Keywords: Power System Stability, synchronous machine, Dynamic stability, Low frequency oscillation.

[1] KUNDUR P, PASERBA J, AJJARAPU V, et al. Definition and classification of power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task
force on stability terms and definitions [J]. IEEE transactions on Power Systems, 2004, 19(3): 1387-401.
[2] VITTAL V, MCCALLEY J D, ANDERSON P M, et al. Power system control and stability [M]. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
[3] EREMIA M, SHAHIDEHPOUR M. Handbook of electrical power system dynamics: modeling, stability, and control [M]. John
Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[4] FRAILE-ARDANUY J, ZUFIRIA P J. Design and comparison of adaptive power system stabilizers based on neural fuzzy networks
and genetic algorithms [J]. Neurocomputing, 2007, 70(16-18): 2902-12.
[5] ABIDO M, ABDEL-MAGID Y. Optimal design of power system stabilizers using evolutionary programming [J]. IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2002, 17(4): 429-36.

Abstract: This paper presents a comparison between Free RTOS and Bare Metal tasks execution. Now such a comparison allows us to understand the significance of having two different open-source entities for micro-controllers and microprocessors. Such comparison plays an essential role to understand the performance and functionality of the controllers as per requirements. Such significance requires a setup having a micro-controller or microprocessor, to achieve this a prototype of a Fire-Fighting Car performing multiple-tasks using FreeRTOS and Bare Metal..

Keywords: ESP32 DevKit, DC Motor, Stepper Motor, Servo Motor, Neo-Pixel LED strip, OLED 0.96 inch, IR Sensor, Arduino IDE.

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BareMetal
[2]. https://freertos.org
[3]. http://esp32.net
[4]. https://www.arduino.cc/
[5]. http://espressif.com/en/media_overview/news/espressif-announces-launch-esp32-cloud-chip-and-funding-fosun-group.