iosr-JEEE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ mar. – apr. 2020

Abstract: Nowadays most of the Accidents on Highways are because of Weak security systems in the vehicles. since there is no proper alerting system when the nearby vehicle approaching the ongoing vehicle this leads to moreAccidents. This project demonstrates a highway vehicle security system with an alerting signal and Buzzer. When any vehicle approaches the rear window of the vehicle it glows a bright LED with buzzer and It will glow until the vehicle over takes. And there will be a signal to indicate and gives buzzer for safe highway driving. The light automatically emits and gives a buzzer when the approaching vehicle reaches less than the set distance and it will alert the driver even during the day , giving additional safety during night and when a vehicle at rest......

Keywords: 8051 Micro controller, Sensor, Buzzer, Led light, Display

[1]. Roshan Duraisamy, Zoran Salcic, Maurizio Adriano, and Miguel Morales-Sandoval, "Supporting Symmetric 128-bit AES in Networked Embedded Systems: An Elliptic Curve Key Establishment Protocol-onChip," University of Auckland, University of Rome, National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, 2006.
[2]. Chenxi Zhang, Rongxing Lu, Xiaodong Lin, Pin-Han Ho, and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, "An Efficient Identity-based Batch Verification Scheme for Vehicular Sensor Networks," University of Waterloo, 2008.
[3]. Yi Qian, Kejie Lu, and Nader Moayeri introduced paper, "Performance Evaluation of Secure MAC protocol For Vehicular Networks," National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Puerto Rico, 2008.

Abstract: Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri (FPNO) being one of the foremost Polytechnic and currently rated as the best and most sort after Polytechnic in the country requires an efficient and reliable power supply for its numerous activities. The polytechnic runs on two major sources of supply namely utility supply and local power generators but has in recent times depended solely on her local power sources due to the erratic nature of the utility supply. In other to conserve energy, optimize the use of these generators and to prevent frequent power wastage, as well as reducing cost on fuel a microcontroller-based facility energy management system is developed. In Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Imo state, there are critical and non- critical loads depending on functionalities required. Critical loads should never be turned off or lose supply while non-critical loads may be turned on or off depending on the power consumption and supply pattern. In practice, various combinations of load management.......

Keywords: Arduino, Microcontroller, Energy, Load, Schedule, Proteus, Relay, keypad, Timer, Simulation. Generation.

[1]. Ahmed, A. B. (2017). Z-Source Based High Step-Up Chopper for Photovoltaic Panel. 4(05), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3HMWVK
[2]. Al., T. et. (2015). Photosensitive security system for theft detection and control using GSM technology. International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Engineering Systems - Proceedings of SPACES 2015, in Association with IEEE, 122–125. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPACES.2015.7058229
[3]. Arduino (2018) Microcontroller board and pinouts retrieved from; https//: www.components101.com/microcontrollers/arduino-uno
[4]. Borkar, A. A., & Karande, R. R. (2017). Web Hosting and Live Streaming Using Raspberry-Pi for Home Automation. 3, 598–602.
[5]. Collis & Hussey. (2003). "Athens as an international tourism destination: An empirical investigation to the city's imagery and the role of local DMO's." (pp. 1–7). pp. 1–7..

Abstract: The diagnosis of electrical energy consumption was made in a University Center of the University of Guadalajara network located in the northern part of the state of Jalisco, in this study the general profile of energy consumption was analyzed [1], it was performed a visual inspection of the facilities recording the energy consumption of the equipment, detailed review of the history of the electricity bill, the identification of the areas of opportunity for saving and efficient use of electric energy and the presentation of energy saving proposals . When applying this methodology of energy diagnosis, it has been found that the areas of opportunity for saving and efficient use of electric energy are lighting and air conditioning systems. Regarding lighting systems, the replacement of current lighting equipment with better efficiency equipment has been recommended considering the necessary lighting conditions for each work area (NOM-025-STPS-2008) [2]; It is estimated that with the replacement....

Key Word:Energydiagnosis, energysaving, electric bill, photovoltaic system

[1]. D. E. Eléctrico, «Hermenio Montoya Cantú,» Constructor Eléctrico, pp. 20-22, 2013.
[2]. S. d. T. y. P. Social, «DiarioOficial de la Federacion (DOF),» 30 Diciembre 2008. [En línea]. Available: http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5076393&fecha=30/12/2008.
[3]. R. L. V. A. A. L. JesúsHéctor Hernández López, «Diagnósticoenergético y elaboración de propuestas de usoeficiente de energíaeléctrica para unainstitucióneducativa,» Revista de eléctronica, eléctrica y sistemascomputacionales, pp. 75-81, 2004.
[4]. C. N. d. E. Eléctrica, «Promotores de Ahorro y Eficiencia de EnergiaEléctrica,» Guatemala, 2010.
[5]. Comisión Federal de Electricidad, «Conocetutarifa,» CFE, [En línea]. Available:

Abstract: A good grounding system is very important not only for safety reasons but also for preventing damages to industrial plants and equipment. At present, an earth electrode of the length 3.5 feet is in use in Sri Lanka, for domestic installations, which is readily available in the market and much popular among consumers and electricians. This may not comply with the maximum allowable earth resistance for the TT systems. Earth resistance depends on the earth resistivity, value of which depends on the soil structure of the location concerned. The intention of this work is to investigate the actual resistance of the said earth electrode's resistance at an identified location. Determination of soil resistivity is one of the key areas of this work, considering the earth as a homogeneous, two-layer.......

Key Word: Grounding system, earth electrode, multilayer earth model, soil resistivity

[1]. Q. M. R. S. P. A. F. W. Md. Abdus SALAM, "Soil resistivity and ground resistance for dry and wet soil," Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 5, no. Issue 2, p. 290–297, March 2017.
[2]. L. W. C. ,. M. Z. A. A. K. ,. F. W. A. Chandima Gomes, "Analysis of Earth Resistance of Electrodes and Soil Resistivity at Different Environments," in 2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Vienna, Austria, November -2012.
[3]. H. Joshi, Residential Commercial and Industrial Electrical System vol.3, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[4]. L. W. C. C. G. a. M. Z. A. A. K. S. C. Lim, "Environmental effects on the performance of electrical grounding systems," in Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2013 IEEE 7th International, 2013, no. June.
[5]. Z. K. S. C. L. a. C. K. Chandima Gomes, "Industrial wastes and natural substances for improving electrical earthing systems," International Journal of Electrical Engineerng, Vols. 21,NO.2, pp. 39-47, July 2014.

Abstract: Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity and thus avoiding intersymbol interference without entailing the receiver to be aware of the transmission strategy making the signal more reliable achieving full diversity gain in cooperative systems. Here the analyzation of the influence of CDD-SC scheme in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is done with the challenge of overcoming the complication called channel estimation along with overhead in CNR. More specifically, the closed-form expressions for outage probability and symbol error rate are divided under different frequencies among independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) frequency selective fading channel model i.e., the signal is divided into different frequencies and transmitted among several narrow band channels of different characteristics. It is useful in the reduction of interference and crosstalk. The results reveal the diversity order of the proposed system to be mainly affected by the number of multipath components that are available in the CNR.

Key Word: Cognitive Radio Network, Cyclic Delay Diversity, Single Carrier

[1]. K. J. Kim, H. Liu, M. Renzo, and H. V. Poor, "Performance analysis of spectrum sharing systems with distributed CDD," in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Dec. 2018, pp. 206–212.
[2]. K. J. Kim, M. Di Renzo, H. Liu, P. V. Orlik, and H. V. Poor, "Performance analysis of distributed single carrier systems with distributed cyclic delay diversity," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 5514–5528, 2017.
[3]. H. T. Nguyen, D.-B. Ha, S. Q. Nguyen, and W.-J. Hwang, "Cognitive heterogeneous networks with unreliable backhaul connections," Mobile Net. and Appl., pp. 1–14, 2017.
[4]. H. T. Nguyen, T. Q. Duong, and W. J. Hwang, "Multiuser Relay Networks over Unreliable Backhaul Links under Spectrum Sharing Environment," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 2314–2317,2017.
[5]. A. H. Mehana and A. Nosratinia, "Single-carrier frequency-domain equalizer with multi-antenna transmit diversity," IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 388–397, 2013.

Abstract: All of which are non efficient and water loss in each case very high in a country with such high population water loss is not affordable. So this robot uses drip irrigation technology for minimal water loss. Existing solar energy systems are either one axis or fixed at a particular angle and cannot be used when the automobile is running this is overcome by this robot which continuously checks for the maximum possible sunlight during the daytime.....

[1]. Solar Tracking System - IJSRP
[2]. www.ijsrp.org › research-paper-0315 › ijsrp-p3923
[3]. Automatic Solar Tracker System - IJSER
[4]. www.ijser.org › researchpaper › AUTOMATIC-SOLAR-TRAC
[5]. Solar tracking system - IJSER

Abstract: In this article, the author focuses on building and modeling 3-phase BLDC permanent magnet motor that attaches the surface at a stable working state based on the Maxwell equation, the law of conservation of energy correlation between mechanical - electrical - magnetic. The method of analyzing circuits from space is used to calculate the electrical characteristics of the motor including: the magnetic field distributed at the air gap, the magnetic field in the teeth / gong stator, the magnetic field distributed in the permanent magnet as in Rotor. Thereby calculating the basic coefficients of the motor such as: values of axial inductance and horizontal axis inductance, motor magnetic coefficients, ferromagnetic loss, copper loss ... Results of the analysis process is the input basis for the construction of an equivalent circuit model in the motor.........

Keywords: BLDC working characteristics, magnetic circuit space; BLDC motor modeling; surface gluing on Maxwell's equations system.

[1]. K. J. Binns and F. B. Chaaban," The relative merit of rare earth permanent magnet materials for use in the excitation of permanent magnet machines," ICEM Conference, Pisa, Sept.1988.
[2]. G. R. Siemon and M. A. Rahman," Modell ing of permanent magnet synchronous motors," IEEE Trans., MAG-22, (5), pp 1069- 1072, 1986.
[3]. T. J. Miller, Brushless Permanent Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives, Clareton Press, Oxford, 1989.

[4]. Y. P. Liu, D. Howe, T. S. Birch, and D. M. Mathews," Dynamic modelling and performan'if prediction of brushless permanent magnet drive systems", 4 EMD Conference, London, 1989.
[5]. F. B. Chaaban," Computer aided analysis, modelling and experimental assessment of permanent magnet machines with rare earth magnets", Ph.D. Thesis, Liverpool University, 1989.

Abstract: Solid-state drives (SSDs) have increased throughput and bandwidth drastically with the introduction of Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) protocol, profiting from the state-of-the-art Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) interface. Moreover, SSDs are perceived by the host as a black-box where they simply service the write and read requests. This inhibits the host to acknowledge the device's internal architecture. Additionally, the SSD does not distinguish between data and metadata requests. Thus, the host still lacks opportunities to get the best performance from.........

Keywords: NVMe; Switch; SSD; HDL

[1]. NVMe Express Workgroup: "NVM Express Revision 1.3‟ https://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/NVM_Express_Revision_1.3.pdf, accessed December 2019
[2]. Schroeder, B., et al.: "Flash Reliability in Production: The Expected and the Unexpected‟, 15th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, Santa Clara, USA, February 2017, pp. 67-80, isbn: 978-1-931971-28-7
[3]. Stratikopoulos, A., et al.: "FastPath: Toward Wire-speed NVMe SSDs‟, International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications, July 2018, pp. 170-177, doi: 10.1109/FPL.2018.00036
[4]. Yang, C. et al.: "Reducing Write Amplification for Inodes of Journaling File System using Persistent Memory‟, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, March 2019, pp. 866-871, doi: 10.23919/DATE.2019.8715068
[5]. Cai, Y., et al.: "Error characterization, mitigation, and recovery in flash-memory-based solid-state drives‟, Proceedings of the IEEE, 2017, 105, (9), pp. 1666-1704, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2017.2713127

Abstract: Cellular mobile communication system has been widely applied in mobile communication. The usual methods utilize the base stations (BS) to position the target mobile station (MS). In this research, we employ inverse matrices to calculate the values of weighted geometric dilution of precision(WGDOP)with thesubsets of the BSs. The BSssubset which owns the minimum value of WGDOP should have the higher precision of locating the mobile station. Then, we propose the method of positioning the mobile stationwithback propagation neural network (BPNN). In this proposed scheme, we should obtain the training data first. Next, it needs to classify the several classes from training data, confirm the input information and construct the corresponding architectures of neural network with those classes. After training stage, the evaluation of trained model with the testing data is necessary.In the simulation results......

Keywords: MobileCommunicationSystem, Weighted Geometric Dilution of Precision (WGDOP), Artificial neuralnetwork(ANN), Time of arrival (TOA).

[1]. Rong, P., & Sichitiu, M. L. (2006, September). "Angle of arrival localization for wireless sensor networks."In 2006 3rd annual IEEE communications society on sensor and ad hoc communications and networks (Vol. 1, pp. 374-382). IEEE.
[2]. Venkatraman, S., Caffery, J., & You, H. R. (2004). "A novel TOA location algorithm using LOS range estimation for NLOS environments."IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 53(5), 1515-1524.
[3]. Guvenc, I., & Chong, C. C. (2009). "A survey on TOA based wireless localization and NLOS mitigation techniques."IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 11(3), 107-124.
[4]. Mensing, C., Plass, S., "Positioning algorithms for cellular networks using TDOA." Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2006, vol. 4 (May 2006)
[5]. Qu, X., Xie, L., & Tan, W. (2017). "Iterative constrained weighted least squares source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements."IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 65(15), 3990-4003.