iosr-JEEE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: This paper proposes a simulation of modeling and implementation of PI controller for a 3 phase to 3 phase power conversion using matrix converter. Closed loop PI controller is used to achieve real time control for 3 phase to 3 phase matrix converter. The entire matrix converter circuits are developed by Mathematical model so as to achieve less computational time and performances of the PI controller are evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum voltage transfer ratio.
Key Words: 3 phase to 3 phase converter, AC to AC conversion, closed loop Matrix converter, Matrix converter, PI Controller.

[1] Kiwoo Park, Kyo-Beum Lee and Frede Blaabjerg, "Improving output performance of a Z-source sparse matrix converter under
unbalanced input-voltage conditions", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.27, No.4, April 2012.
[2] Xu Lie, Li Yongdong, Wang Kui, Jon C.Clare and Patrick W.Wheeler, "Research on the amplitude coefficient for multilevel matrix
converter space vector modulation", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.27, No.8, August 2012.
[3] "Modeling and simulation of single-phase AC-AC matrix converter using SPWM", Student conference on Research and
Development proceedings, Malaysia, 2002, pp. 286-289.
[4] B.Muthuvel, T.S.Anandhi, P.Sivagnanam and K.Ramash kumar, "Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix
Converter with Maximum and Minimum Voltage Transfer Ratio", International Journal of Engineering Research and applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 2) November 2015.
[5] Imayavaramban, K.Latha and G.Uma, Analysis of different schemes of matrix converter with maximum voltage conversion
ratio", IEEE MELECON'04MAY12-15,2004, pp1137 1140.

Abstract: Distributionsystemis apower systemthat servesto transmitanddistributeelectrical energy toloadcentersor consumers. The problem facedishow to supply thedistributionnetworkwith agood quality ofpowerat the present timeandinthe future. A goodanalysis ofthe distribution ofurgently neededqualityin the distribution system. Power flow studies are very useful for planning and designing the expansion of electric power systems and is also used to determine the operating conditions of a system that meets the economic and technical requirements. There are several methods used to solving the power flow analysis include: 1). Technique Topology, 2). Novel Method, and 3). Newton Raphson Method. Comparison of the three methods used in this study are expected to provide a solution that has a speed in the calculation process and low memory.Comparison ofspeed andmemory requiredforthe abovethree methodsshowedthat thenovelmethodsprovidea fasterexecution timethanthe twoother methods.In the process ofcomputation timeis0.009749sobtainedforthe novelmethod. As for thememoryrequired is131,226bytes.

[1]. Aliakbar, Masoud. 2007. A Novel Method for Load Flow Analysis of Unbalanced Three-Phase Radial Distribution Networks. Jurnal Electric Enginering, VOL.15, No.3, PP 329-337.
[2]. Basri, Hasan. 1997. Sistem Distribusi Daya Listrik. Jakarta.
[3]. Laksono, Heru. D. 2007. Perbandingan Metoda Newton Raphson Dan Metoda Fast Decoupled Pada Studi Aliran Daya (Aplikasi PT. PLN Sumbar-Riau 150 KV). ISSN 854-8471, No. 27 Vol.3,
[4]. Marsudi Djiteng. 1990. Operasi Sistem Tenaga Listrik. Balai Penerbit & Humas ISTN. Jakarta Selatan.
[5]. Muljono, Agung. B dan Nrartha, I Made. A. 2007. Analisis aliran daya tiga fasa dengan metode kompensasi adaptif untuk sistem distribusi dengan unit pembangkit yang tidak terpusat. Vol. 12. No. 1. ISSN: 1410-5829. Jurnal akademia ista.

Abstract: Automatic Generation Control (AGC) plays very important role in power system automation, design, operation and stability. In this paper, we propose the hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm (hPSO-GA) method to obtain the Proportional-Integral-Derivate (PID) controller parameters for AGC of four-area interconnected hydro thermal power system. The hydro and thermal areas are comprised with an electric governor and reheat turbine, respectively. Also, 1% step load perturbation has been considered occurring in any individual area. This power system with the proposed approach is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the responses of frequency and tie-line power deviation for each area compared with PSO and GA. The simulation results show that proposed hPSO-GA based PID controller achieves better responses than PSO and GA based PID controllers.

Keywords: Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), hPSO-GA, Multi-area power system, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

[1] S.Panda, Yegireddy.N.K, "Automatic generation control of multi-area power system using multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II," Int. J. Electrical Power & Energy Systems.53, 54–63, 2013.
[2] H.Shabani, B.Vahidi, M.Ebrahimpour, "A robust PID controller based on imperialist competitive algorithm for load-frequency control of power systems," ISA Transactions.52, 88–95, 2013.
[3] D.G.Padhan, S.Majhi, "A new control scheme for PID load frequency controller of single-area and multi-area power systems," ISA Transactions.52, 242–251, 2013.
[4] H Shayeghi, H.A.Shayanfar, A.Jalili, "Load frequency control strategies: A state-of-the-art survey for the researcher," Int. J. Energy Conversion and Management.50, 344–353, 2009.
[5] Ibraheem, P.Kumar, D.P.Kothari, "Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems," IEEE Trans. Power System.20, 346–357, 2005.
[6] S.Panda, B.Mohanty, P.K.Hota, "Hybrid BFOA–PSO algorithm for automatic generation control of linear and nonlinear interconnected power systems," Int. J. Applied Soft Computing.13, 4718–4730, 2013.

Abstract: The proposed work is Investigations of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Sensor less Switched Reluctance Motor Drive. The switched reluctance motor is highly nonlinear in nature. But SRM has no rotor windings makes the drive cheaper. The input for the controller is phasor current and voltage and the output of the controller is rotor position estimation. By effective design of controller with the help of fuzzy logic algorithm can able to derive the system with minimum steady state error, good dynamic response and robust in nature. The SRM drive performance is validated with the help of numerical simulation of 8/6 SRM drive using Matlab/simulink.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic controller, SRM, steady state error, dynamic response.

[1] J.Y.Cao,Y.P.Chen,Z.D.Zhou and W,Ai, "Robust control of switched reluctance motors for direct- drive robotic applications"Int. J.
Adv. Manuf. Technol.(2003) 22:184-190.
[2] Shun-Chung Wang, "An fully-automated measurement system for identifying magnetization characteristics of switched reluctance
motors"Measurement 45(2012) 1226-1238.
[3] J.-m.Zheng, S.-d.Zhao and S.-g.Wei, "Application of self-tuning fuzzy PID controller for a SRM direct drive volume control
hydraulic press," Control Engineering Practice 17(2009)1398-1404.
[4] A.D.Cheok and N.Ertugrul, "High Robustness and Reliability of Fuzzy Logic Based Position Estimation for Sensorless Switched
Reluctance Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. On Power Elect., vol.15, no.2, March 2000,pp 319-334.
[5] Jeevanandham A. and Thanushkodi K., "Reduction of Generator Rotor Oscillations using Artificial Intelligence‟, i-manager‟s
Journal on Electrical Engineering, India, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2008, pp.7-15.
[6] S.Vetriselvan, Dr.S.Latha, M.Saravanan, "Torque ripple reduction of switched reluctance motor drives below the base speed using
commutation angles control",IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676, p-ISSN:
2320-3331 PP 53-58.

Abstract: The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array is affected by temperature, solar isolation, shading and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV characteristics get more complex with multiple peaks. Yet, it is very important to understand and predict them in order to extract the maximum possible power. In the usual series-connected wiring scheme, the residual energy generated by partially shaded cells either cannot be collected(if diode bypassed) or, worse, impedes collection of power from the remaining fully illuminated cells (if not bypassed). Rapid fluctuation of the shading pattern makes maximum power point(MPP) tracking difficult; generally, there will exist multiple local MPPs, and their values will change as rapidly as does the illumination. In this paper, a portable solar PV system that effectively eliminates both of the aforementioned problems is described and proven. And also Parallel-configured PV systems are compared to traditional series-configured PV systems with hardware experiments. Index Terms: Complex Illumination, Maximum Tracking Power Point (MPPT), Partial Shading, Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Cell, Power Converter, Solar Array

[1]. E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitzakis, and N. C. Voulgaris, ―Development of a microcontroller-based photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46–54, Jan.2001.
[2]. K. H. Hussein and I. Muta, ―Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: An algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions,‖ Proc. Inst. Electr.Eng. Gener., Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 59–64, Jan. 1995.
[3]. S. Jain andV.Agarwal, ―A newalgorithm for rapid tracking of approximate maximum power point in photovoltaics systems,‖ IEEE Power Electron.Lett., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16–19, Mar. 2004.
[4]. H. Koizumi and K. Kurokawa, ―A novel maximum power point tracking method for PV module integrated converter,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2005, pp. 2081–2086.
[5]. H. Oldenkamp, I. Jong, N. Borg, B. Boer, H. Moor, and W. Sinke, ―PVWirefree versus conventional PV systems: Detailed analysis of difference in energy yield between series and parallel connected PV modules,‖ in Proc. 19th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Paris, France, Jun. 2004.

Abstract: This paper presents a method for classification and location of transmission line faults based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Although for fault classification prefault and postfault three phase currents samples taken at one end of transmission line are used as ANN inputs, for location of faults post fault samples of both current and voltages of three phases are required . Simulation studies have been carried out extensively on two power system models: one in which the transmission line is fed from one end and another, in which the transmission line is fed from two ends. Different types of faults at different operating conditions have been considered for carrying out simulation studies. The simulation results presented confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Fault Classification, Fault Location, Transmission Line Protection.

[1] R. N. Mahanty and P. B. Dutta Gupta, An Improved Method for digital relaying of 1Transmission Lines, Electric Power Components And Systems 2004, 1013-1030.
[2] S. El. Safty, and A. El-Zonkoly, Applying wavelet entropy prZAZinciple in fault classification, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 31(10), 2009, 604-607. [3] Simi. P. Valsan, and K. S. Swarup, Wavelet transform based digital protection for transmission lines, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy System, 31(7–8), 2009,.379-388.
[4] J. Upendar, C. P. Gupta , and G. K. Singh, Statistical decision-tree based fault classification scheme for protection of power transmission lines, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 36(1), 2012, 1-12. [5] K Saravanababu, P. Balakrishnan, and K. Sathiyasekar, Transmission line faults detection, classification, and location using Discrete Wavelet Transform, International Conference on Power, Energy and Control, (ICPEC), 2013, 233 – 238.

Abstract: This paper proposes evaluation of Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) based on the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) assessment of interconnected power system in a deregulated environment. This paper deals with the procedure involved in the AGC of a two-area reheat power system having a coordinated control action between Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) unit and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for controlling the network performance in a very fast manner and to improve the power transfer limits in order to have a better restoration.

[1] Mukta, Balwinder Singh Surjan, Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment: A
Literature Review, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2(3) (2013) 435-441
[2] B.Delfino, F.Fornari, S.Massucco, Load-frequency control and inadvertent interchange evaluation in restructured power systems,
IEE Proceedings-Generation Transmission and Distribution 149(5) (2002) 607-614.
[3] A.P.Fathima, M.A.Khan, Design of a new market structure and robust controller for the frequency regulation services in the
deregulated power system, Electrical Power Components and Systems 36(8) (2008) 864-883.
[4] H. Bevrani, Y. Mitani, K. Tsuji, Robust decentralized LFC in a restructured power system, Energy Conversion and Management, 45
(2004) 2297-2312.
[5] V. Donde, M. A. Pai, I. A. Hiskens, Simulation and optimization in an AGC system after deregulation, IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems 16 (3) (2001) 481-489.

Abstract: There are many negative impacts of the grid faults in Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) based wind turbines such as stator and rotor over currents, DC-link over voltage, electromagnetic torque oscillations, active and reactive power fluctuations at the grid connection point. Negative impacts of the grid faults have potentially led to destabilization of the power system network. Eliminating the negative impacts enhances the DFIG based wind turbines performance. This paper proposes a comprehensive study about the performance analysis and protection of a 1.5MW DFIG-based wind turbine in order to keep the wind turbine connected to the grid under the symmetrical and asymmetrical grid faults. This study discusses and compares the simulations of two improved protection schemes to eliminate the negative impacts of the grid faults. The investigated protection schemes are simple in construction and cost efficient. The performance of the DFIG is highly improved during the grid faults. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of these schemes.

Keywords : Wind Energy, Wind Turbines, DFIG, Protection schemes.

[1]. J.Yang, Fault analysis and protection for wind power generation systems. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011.http://wwindea.org access on 7th, Jan., 2016.
[2]. M. Rodriquez, G. Abad, I. Sarasola, and A. Gilabert, Crowbar control algorithms for doubly fed induction generator during voltage dips, European Conference in Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 1, 2005, pp. 1- 10.
[3]. A. E. M. Operator, Wind turbine plant capabilities report 2013 Wind Integration Studies, 2013.
[4]. J. Morren and S. W. De Haan, Ride through of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip, Energy conversion, ieee transactions on, vol. 20, 2005, pp. 435-441.
[5]. Z. Peng and H. Yikang, Control strategy of an active crowbar for DFIG based wind turbine under grid voltage dips, in Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS. International Conference on, 2007, pp. 259-264.

Abstract: In this paper we proposed flower, cross-circle and L-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna for circular polarized (CP) radiation suitable for ISM band applications. The cross-circle diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip patch antenna is compact and providing best result when compared with flower and L-shaped diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is compact, lightweight and of low cost. The proposed antennas of size 50mm*50mm*1.570mm at 2.45 GHz is printed on thick FR4 substrate with probe fed metal strip. Fabricated prototypes offers very low return loss, desirable matched impedance, high gain and good 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, which is approximately matching with the simulated results.

Keywords - Circularly polarized antennas, compact antennas, microstrip antenna, square patch, slotted microstrip antennas.

[1]. Nasimuddin, Z. N. Chen and X. Qing "Asymmetric-Circular Shaped Slotted Microstrip Antennas for Circular Polarization and RFID Applications" AP–58, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 3821-3828, December, 2010.

[2]. S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, "Design of Wideband Circularly Polarized Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-41, 2, February 1993, pp. 214-219.

[3]. P. C. Sharma and K. C. Gupta, "Analysis and Optimized Design of Single Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-31, 6, June 1983, pp. 949-955.

[4]. H. Iwasaki, "A Circularly Polarized Small Size Microstrip Antenna with Cross Slot," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-44, 10, October 1996, pp. 1399-1401.

[5]. J. S. Row and C. Y. Ai, "Compact Design of Single-Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna," Electronics Letters, 40, 18, September 2004, pp. 1093-1094.

[6]. N. Gautam, et al, "Circularly Polarized Square Patch Antenna with Square Slots for RFID Reader Applications," APS 2010, July 11-17, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Abstract: In order to further improve the ability of global path planning of coal mine rescue robot in the complex environment, a bacterial foraging algorithm-based polyclonal selection algorithm (BFA-PSA) is proposed. In order to verify the superiority of the BFA-PSA, the proposed algorithm is tested by traveling salesman problem (TSP) and compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and clonal selection algorithm (CSA). Finally, on the basis of grid environment model, the BFA-PSA is used in the optimization of path planning for coal mine rescue robot. The optimization results of the TSP show that the searching ability and efficiency of the BFA-PSA are improved. And the optimization results of path planning for coal mine rescue robot in the grid environment model show the better robustness and validity of the BFA-PSA.
Keywords : Path planning; Bacteria foraging; Clonal selection; TSP; Grid method

[1] G.Q.Wang, H.S.Xu, K.R.Wang, Research status and development trend of coal mining robots, Coal Science and Technology, 42(2), 2014, 73-77.
[2] G.D.Sun, Y.T.Li, H.Zhu, Design of a new type of crawler travelling mechanism of coal mine rescue robot, Industry and Mine Automation, 41(6), 2015,21-25.
[3] J.R.Spofford, D.J.Anhalt, J.B.Herron, B.D.Lapin, Collaborative robotic team design and integration，International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2000,241-252.
[4] J.Y.Gao, X.S.Gao, J.G.Zhu, et al, Light Mobile Robot Power Common Technique Research, 2009 International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics, 2009, 90-94.
[5] C.S. Moo, K.S.Ng, Y.C.Hsieh, Parallel Operation of Battery Power Modules, Sixth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2005,983-988.
[6] Y.W.Li, S.R.Ge, H.Zhu, et al, Obstacle-surmounting mechanism and capability of four-track robot with two swing arms, Robot, 32(2),2010, 157-165.
[7] Y.W.Li, S.R.Ge, H.Zhu, Deduction of the rocker-type track suspension configurations and their applications to coal mine rescue robots, Robot, 32(1),2010, 25-33.

Abstract: Lead Acid battery usage is colossal in railways, transportation, telecommunication, automobiles and many other sectors and is further increasing with solar and wind schemes launched by government. Morethan 50% of world lead demand is met by the secondary lead production. In a developing country like India instead of having sufficient amount of lead available for recycling we are forced to import it from other countries like Australia, USA and Korea. According to the data available only a fraction of batteries is collected for recycling while proper regulation is there for used battery collection.

[1] "Lead Battery Recycling in India"OK International report.

[2] Annual Report of state pollution control board. Journal Paper

[3] Vest, H., Fundamentals of the Recycling of Lead Acid Batteries, GATE information service GTZ

[4] Gottesfeld, P. and Pokhrel, A., "Review: Lead exposure in BatteryManufacturing and Recycling in Developing Countries and Among Childrenin Nearby Communities." JOEH, 8:520-532 (2011).