iosr-JECE   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2026

Abstract: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a core capability for autonomous robots, drones, and embedded vision systems, but its front-end processing—including sensor data acquisition, feature extraction, and data association—demands high computational throughput with strict power constraints. This paper presents an energy-efficient FPGA-based architecture for SLAM front-end processing, optimized for real-time performance.....

Key Words: Energy-efficient computing, FPGA architecture, SLAM front-end, real-time processing, hardware acceleration, embedded systems, feature extraction, low-power design, parallel processing, autonomous navigation.

[1]. H. Durrant-Whyte And T. Bailey,“Simultaneous Localization And Mapping: Part I,”Ieee Robotics & Automation Magazine, Vol. 13, No. 2, Pp. 99–110, June 2025.
[2]. T. Bailey And H. Durrant-Whyte,“Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (Slam): Part Ii,”Ieee Robotics & Automation Magazine, Vol. 13, No. 3, Pp. 108–117, Sept. 2024.
[3]. M. Montemerlo, S. Thrun, D. Koller, And B. Wegbreit,“Fastslam: A Factored Solution To The Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Problem,”Proceedings Of The Aaai National Conference On Artificial Intelligence, 2021.
[4]. R. Smith, M. Self, And P. Cheeseman,“Estimating Uncertain Spatial Relationships In Robotics,” Autonomous Robot Vehicles, Springer, Pp. 167–193, 2019.
[5]. J. Engel, T. Schöps, And D. Cremers,“Orb-Slam: A Versatile And Accurate Monocular Slam System,” Ieee Transactions On Robotics, Vol. 31, No. 5, Pp. 1147–1163, Oct. 2023

Abstract: The reliable operation of power systems cannot be achieved without efficient and precise operation and maintenance methods. Based on the problems existing in actual operation and maintenance, and starting from the demand orientation, this paper focuses on the characteristics of low efficiency, reliance on judgment experience, and uncertainty of manual inspection in substations, and proposes a target detection method based on deep learning and YOLOv7. This method is an improvement on the traditional target detection. Through ablation and comparison experiments, the improved model can enhance detection accuracy, reduce the network model, and increase detection speed compared with the traditional model.....

Key Words: Substation inspection Data augmentation Bidirectional feature pyramid network "Lightweight; Defect detection.

[1] Song, Y. , Deng, P. , Cai, M. , & Chen, F. . (2014). The Application Of Inspection Robot In Substation Inspection.Springer, Cham.
[2] Rong, X. , & Liu, Y. . (2024). Research On The Cultivation Of Artificial Intelligence Professionals In Vocational Colleges.Journal Of Education And Educational Research,10(2), 251-256.
[3] Vilakazi, C. B. , & Marwala, T. . (2006). Bushing Fault Detection And Diagnosis Using Extension Neural Network.IEEE.
[4] Mete, M. , Sakoglu, U. , Spence, J. S. , Devous, M. D. , Harris, T. S. , & Adinoff, B. . (2016). Successful Classification Of Cocaine Dependence Using Brain Imaging: A Generalizable Machine Learning Approach.Bmc Bioinformatics,17(13), 357.
[5] Xiao, L. , Chen, G. , Man, Y. , Xiao, W. , Yuan, L. , & Tao, Q. . (2024). Belt Abnormal High-Temperature Detection Algorithm Based On Improved Yolov7-Tiny.2024 IEEE 7th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic And Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), 936-941.

Abstract: ZnS thin films were synthesized on varying molar concentrations (MC) (0.05-0.20M) using Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique and studied the growth surface morphology, crystal structures and optical properties using FESEM, XRD and UV-vis-spectrophotometer. The surface structures were observed with regular distribution of ZnS nanoparticles with particle sizes 6.7nm – 11.54nm and were confirmed with XRD results. The crystal growth showed depended on molar concentration of Zn+2 and S-2 ions. Maximum peak in the XRD spectra....

Key Words: ZnS thin films, molars, XRD, FESEM, optical absorption

[1]. Email Roduner, Nanoscopic Materials-Size Dependent Phenomena, Institute Of Physical Chemistry, University Of Stuttgari, Germany, Royal Society Of Chemistry, 2006, 1.1
[2]. Pawan Kumar, Arvind Kumar, P N Dixit And T P Sharma, Optical, Structural And Electrical Properties Of Zinc Sulphide Vacuum Evaporated Thin Films, Indian Journal Of Pure & Applied Physics, 2006, 44 690
[3]. D K Gupta, M Verma, K B Sharma And N S Sexena, Synthesis, Characterization And Optical Properties Of Cdse/Cds And Cdse/Zns Core Shell Nanostructures, Indian Journal Of Pure & Applied Physics, 2017, 55 113-121
[4]. Jyoti P Borah, J Barman, K C Sarma, Structural And Optical Properties Of Zns Nanoparticles, Chalcogenide Letters, 2008, 5 (9) 201
[5]. Jones P L, Moore D And Smith D C, A Technique For The Growth Of Single Crystal Films Of Zinc Sulphide On (100) Gallium Arsenide By Radio Frequency Sputtering, Journal Of Physics E 1976, 312.

Abstract: Background: Satellite communication systems operating at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies are significantly affected by atmospheric propagation impairments, particularly rain attenuation. As Mongolia plans to launch its national satellite communication infrastructure at the 113.6°E geostationary orbital position, accurate estimation of rain-induced signal degradation becomes essential for reliable link design and system planning. Materials and Methods: This study evaluates rain attenuation for satellite communication links across Mongolia using internationally standardized propagation models recommended by the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). The....

Key Words: Rain attenuation; Satellite communication; ITU-R propagation model; Radio wave propagation; C-band; Ku-band; Ka frequencies

[1]. Mutagi, R. N (2016). Satellite Communication Principles And Applications (1st Ed., Pp. 42-48). In India By Oxford University Press
[2]. International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector, Recommendation ITU-R P.618-13: Propagation Data And Prediction Methods Required For The Design Of Earth–Space Telecommunication Systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017
[3]. International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector, Recommendation ITU-R P.837-7: Characteristics Of Precipitation For Propagation Modelling, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
[4]. International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector, Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3: Specific Attenuation Model For Rain For Use In Prediction Methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
[5]. International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector, Recommendation ITU-R P.839-4: Rain Height Model For Prediction Methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.

Abstract: In contemporary electric drive systems, where high efficiency, lower current consumption, and enhanced torque output are crucial, the design and performance optimization of three-phase induction motors for traction applications have grown in importance. The results of this study's application of the multi-objective optimization (MOO) approach to induction motor design are contrasted with those of conventional motor design, single-objective optimization (SOO), and experimental measurements. Important performance metrics, such as output power, torque, efficiency..

Key Words: Three-Phase Induction Motor, Multi-Objective Optimization, Traction Applications, Motor Design

[1] Okoro, O. I. Steady State And Transient Analysis Of Induction Motor Driving A Pump Load. Nigerian Journal Of Technology, 22(1), 46-53.2003
[2] Eke, A., Fischer, G., David, A., Ekpenyong, O., & E.J, Akpama. The Effect Of Rotor And Stator Slot Numbers On The Performance Of Three-Phase Induction Motors Used For Transport Application. IOSR Journal Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE). Volume 19, Issue 4 Ser. 1 (July. – August. 2024), PP 01-09. 2024
[3] Riviére N., M. Villani And M. Popescu, "Optimization Of A High-Speed Copper Rotor Induction Motor For A Traction Application," IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference Of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 2019, Pp. 2720-2725, Doi: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927627
[4] Zhang M, Guo L., And H. Wang, "AI-Based Torque Estimation For Induction Motors Using LSTM Networks," *IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics*, Vol. 18, No. 3, Pp. 1950–1960, 2022.
[5] Schofield N., A. Boglietti, And A. Cavagnino, "Thermal Analysis Of Traction Motors: Cooling Technologies For High Torque Density Machines," *IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications*, Vol. 48, No. 5, Pp. 1565–1574, 2012.

Abstract: The goal of this work is to show how to design and build a mobile robotic rover that has a controlled electromagnetic pulse (EMP) unit built in. This will help reduce threats from a distance in dangerous places. The main goal of the system is to limit the length of time that people are exposed to dangerous situations by making it possible for a robotic rover with a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) robotic arm to work wirelessly. EMP may hit the target with perfect accuracy with the arm. The system uses microcontrollers to control the movement of the rovers, the activation of the arms, and the triggering of EMP.......

Key Words: Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), Mobile Robotic Rover, Wireless Control System, 2-DOF Robotic Arm, Non-contact Electronic Disruption.

[1] D. Kumar, N. R. Prakash, And S. Singh, “Electromagnetic Pulse Sensor Design And Analysis,” Iete Journal Of Research, Vol. 68, No. 3, Pp. 2069–2078, 2019.
[2] J. H. Kim And S. W. Jeong, “Analysis Of Electromagnetic Pulse Effects On Electronic Systems,” Ieee Transactions On Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 61, No. 5, Pp. 1354–1362, 2019.
[3] Y. Zhou Et Al., “Lightning-Induced Electromagnetic Pulse Effects On Electrical Systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 170, Pp. 234–242, 2019.
[4] A. Gupta And R. Kumar, “Design Of Wireless Mobile Robotic Systems For Hazardous Environments,” Ieee Access, Vol. 8, Pp. 145000–145012, 2020.
[5] M. Bjelica Et Al., “Autonomous Mobile Robots For Industrial And Safety Applications,” Ieee Access, Vol. 8, Pp. 145678–145689, 2020.

Abstract: The proposed work aims at developing an automated handover mechanism among the multiple access techniques based on a data driven CSI based on features such as channel gain, signal to noise ratio (SNR), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), bit error rate (BER), throughput and user mobility. Additionally, the CSI is also leveraged to utilize the section of the bandwidth with optimal channel response rendering improved QoS. A Machine Learning based model (Deep Neural Network Model) trained with features such as pilot bits, received bits, path loss factor and signal to noise plus interference ratio (SINR) is used to.......

Key Words: Handover, Deep Neural Networks, Bit Error Rate.

[1]. J. P. S. H. Lima Et Al., "Deep Learning-Based Handover Prediction For 5g And Beyond Networks," Icc 2023 - Ieee International Conference On Communications, Rome, Italy, 2023, Pp. 3468-3473.
[2]. B. H. Prananto, Iskandar And A. Kurniawan, "A New Method To Improve Frequent-Handover Problem In High-Mobility Communications Using Ric And Machine Learning," In Ieee Access, Vol. 11, Pp. 72281-72294.
[3]. R. A. Paropkari, A. Thantharate And C. Beard, "Deep-Mobility: A Deep Learning Approach For An Efficient And Reliable 5g Handover," 2022 International Conference On Wireless Communications Signal Processing And Networking (Wispnet), Chennai, India, 2022, Pp. 244-250.
[4]. Z. Yang, X. Liu, M. Wu And W. Huang, "A Handover Assistance Algorithm Based On Sdn And Machine Learning," 2022 Ieee International Conference On Artificial Intelligence And Computer Applications (Icaica), Dalian, China, 2022, Pp. 208-212.
[5]. L. Jiao, P. Wang, A. Alipour-Fanid, H. Zeng And K. Zeng, "Enabling Efficient Blockage-Aware Handover In Ris-Assisted Mmwave Cellular Networks," In Ieee Transactions On Wireless Communications, 2021, Vol. 21, No. 4, Pp. 2243-2257..

Abstract: Underwater acoustic communication is hindered by multipath propagation, ambient noise, and bandwidth constraints. This study introduces a novel beam-domain OFDM framework that enhances communication reliability in realistic underwater environments. The proposed model integrates beam space transformation with OFDM modulation to achieve improved spatial selectivity and interference mitigation. Realistic channel and noise modeling......

Key Words: UWA, OFDM, BER.

[1]. J. Li, Y. Bai, Y. Zhang, F. Qu, Y. Wei And J. Wang, “Cross Power Spectral Density Based Beamforming For Underwater Acoustic Communications,” Ocean Eng., Vol. 216, Art. No. 107786, Nov. 2020, Doi: 10.1016/J.Oceaneng.2020.107786. Sciencedirect.Com
[2]. X. Feng, J. Wang, X. Kuai, M. Zhou, H. Sun And J. Li, “Message Passing-Based Impulsive Noise Mitigation And Channel Estimation For Underwater Acoustic Ofdm Communications,” Ieee Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 71, No. 1, Pp. 611–625, Jan. 2022,
Doi: 10.1109/Tvt.2021.3130061. Ui.Adsabs.Harvard.Edu
[3]. Y. Zhang, C. Li, H. Wang, J. Wang, F. Yang And F. Meriaudeau, “Deep Learning Aided Ofdm Receiver For Underwater Acoustic Communications,” Appl. Acoust., Vol. 187, Art. No. 108515, Feb. 2022,
Doi: 10.1016/J.Apacoust.2021.108515. Sciencedirect.Com
[4]. S. Jia, S. Zou, X. Zhang And B. Liu, “Multi-Block Sparse Bayesian Learning Channel Estimation For Ofdm Underwater Acoustic Communication Based On Fractional Fourier Transform,” Appl. Acoust., Vol. 192, Art. No. 108721, 2022,
Doi: 10.1016/J.Apacoust.2022.108721. Sciencedirect.Com
[5]. X. Feng, “Channel Estimation For Underwater Acoustic Ofdm Communications Via Temporal Sparse Bayesian Learning,” Signal Process., Vol. 207, Art. No. 108951, 2023, Doi: 10.1016/J.Sigpro.2023.108951. Dl.Acm.Org.

Abstract: The fast development of smart home tech has made it necessary to create smart systems that can control home appliances automatically, making energy use more efficient and life more convenient. This project is about making an automatic system to control home equipment using IoT technology. The system is made to watch whether people are present and what the environment is like, so that electrical devices in the house only work when needed. To know when......

Key Words: Internet of Things (IoT), Home Automation, Laser-LDR Pair, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Energy Efficiency, Smart Home Security, Environmental Monitoring

[1]. S. Folea, D. Bordencea, C. Hotea, And H. Valean, "Smart Home Automation System Using Wi-Fi Low Power Devices," 2012.
[2]. J. Bangali And A. Shaligram, "Energy Efficient Smart Home Based On Wireless Sensor Network Using Labview," American Journal Of Engineering Research (AJER), 2013.
[3]. Y. Mittal Et Al., "A Voice-Controlled Multi-Functional Smart Home Automation System," 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), 2015.
[4]. P. S. N. Reddy Et Al., "An Iot-Based Home Automation Using An Android Application," 2016 International Conference On Signal Processing, Communication, Power And Embedded System (SCOPES), 2016.
[5]. C. Twumasi Et Al., "Energy Saving System Using A PIR Sensor For Classroom Monitoring," 2017 IEEE PES Power Africa, 2017..

Abstract: This work presents an enhanced smart grid framework with predictive and self-healing capabilities validated through simulation results.Modern electrical distribution systems face increasing challenges due to grid instability, power quality disturbances, and unexpected faults in distribution networks. This study proposes an Adaptive Autonomous Decision Framework (AADF) designed to enhance the resilience, monitoring capability, and self-healing capacity of smart electrical networks. The proposed approach integrates real-time sensing, intelligent......

[1]. Farhangi H., Ieee Power & Energy Magazine, 2018.
[2]. Ghosh A., Springer, 2019.
[3]. Hatziargyriou N., Wiley, 2020.
[4]. Xu Y., Ieee Transactions, 2019.
[5]. Arrillaga J., Wiley, 2016..

Abstract: Traffic congestion is a major challenge in rapidly growing urban areas, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study proposes an Intelligent Traffic Light Control System (ITLCS) that integrates infrared sensors and RFID technology to improve intersection management. The system detects real-time traffic density and dynamically adjusts signal timings, while RFID enables priority for emergency vehicles. Experimental results show significant reductions in vehicle delay and queue length, alongside increased traffic throughput. Additionally, emergency response time is improved through immediate signal preemption. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, adaptive, and efficient solution for enhancing urban traffic flow and overall road safety.

[1]. Abdulhai, B., Pringle, R., & Karakoulas, G. J. (2022). Reinforcement Learning For True Adaptive Traffic Signal Control. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 135, 103487. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Trc.2021.103487
[2]. Aderamo, A. J., & Atomode, T. I. (2023). Urban Transportation Challenges In Nigeria: Implications For Traffic Congestion Management. Journal Of Transport Geography, 110, 103615.
[3]. Al-Turjman, F., & Lemayian, J. P. (2022). Smart Cities And Iot Traffic Systems. Future Generation Computer Systems, 128, 250–261. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Future.2021.09.015
[4]. Archive Market Research. (2024). Global Traffic Congestion Analysis Report. Archive Market Research.
[5]. Ayoubi, S., Möller, S., & Dahlhaus, D. (2024). Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Detection Using Computer Vision Techniques. IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, 25(2), 1456–1468.

Abstract: This research work investigated the effect of composition and thickness of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), surface morphology (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of prosthetic leg socket developed from composite of woven banana fibre mat reinforced epoxy resin. Composite materials are one of the emerging fields in polymer science that are gaining attention for application in various sectors, such as health, building, aeronautic and automotive. The banana fibre used in this study was extracted by removing the bark of a banana stem, followed by manually peeling off the fibre from the bark using hand stripping method. The extracted fibre was sun dried for 72 hours and then treated with 0.1 mol of NaOH solution for 2 hours.........

Keywords: Banana fibre, Epoxy resin, Composites, Physical properties, Leg socket.

[1]. Andrew, S Sewell, T, Noroozi, S., Vinney, J, And Amali, R. (2012). Improvements In The Accuracy Of An Inverse Problem Engine’s Output For The Prediction Of Below-Knee Prosthetic Socket Interfacial Loads. Engineering Applications Of Artificial Intelligence, 23(6):1000-1011.
[2]. Bar, T.A And Almeida (2013). “Breathable Liner For Transradial Prostheses,” In Myoelectric Controls/Powered Prosthetics Symposium Fredericton.
[3]. Begun, R.J. And Hamzat, N.M. (2013). Orthoses And Prosthetics As Ambulation Devices. Biomedics And Physio Jour. ABS Publication. Vol.12. Pp. 453-574.
[4]. Dillingham, T. B. And Laszczak, P. (2001). “Development And Validation Of A 3D-Printed Interfacial Stress Sensor For Prosthetic Applications,” Med. Eng. Phys., 37(1):132–137.
[5]. Edwards, M. L. (2018). Lower Limb Prosthetics. In: Olson DA, Deruyter F, Editors. Technologies For Mobility And Locomotion. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc; P. 297-310.

Abstract: In modern healthcare systems, minimizing direct human interaction while ensuring efficient patient care has become highly important, especially during infectious disease outbreaks. This project presents a Virtual Doctor and Patient Medicine Supply Robot with Visual Monitoring and UV Disinfection System. The proposed system integrates telemedicine, robotics, and sterilization technologies to provide a safe and contactless healthcare solution. The robot is capable of delivering medicines to patients, enabling real-time video communication between doctors.........

Keywords: Telemedicine, Medicine Delivery Robot, UV Disinfection, IoT, Healthcare Automation, Visual Monitoring

[1]. A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, And G. E. Hinton, “Imagenet Classification With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” Ieee Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., Vol. 60, No. 6, Pp. 1097–1105, 2017.
[2]. R. S. H. Istepanian And J. Lacal, “Emerging Mobile Communication Technologies For Health: Some Imperative Notes On M-Health,” Proc. Ieee, Vol. 100, No. 4, Pp. 1464–1468, 2012.
[3]. P. Gomes, G. Lopes, And J. N. Pires, “Autonomous Mobile Robots For Healthcare Applications,” Robotics And Autonomous Systems, Vol. 75, Pp. 145–158, 2016.
[4]. S. Thrun, “Robotic Mapping: A Survey,” In Exploring Artificial Intelligence In The New Millennium, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002, Pp. 1–35.
[5]. M. Tavakoli, J. Carriere, And A. Torabi, “Robotics, Smart Wearable Technologies, And Autonomous Intelligent Systems For Healthcare During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis,” Ieee Access, Vol. 8, Pp. 196800–196813, 2020

Abstract: Due to more cars on the road and pedestrians acting in strange ways, pedestrian safety at zebra crossings is a big problem in cities. This paper presents an intelligent automated zebra crossing system that utilises Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and IP camera-based pedestrian counting methods. PIR sensors can tell right away whether there are people walking by, but the IP camera uses computer vision techniques to accurately measure how many people are walking by. This dynamic analysis lets the system change the timing of signals........

Keywords: Smart Zebra Crossing, Pedestrian Safety, PIR Sensors, Internet of Things (IoT), Computer Vision-Based Pedestrian Counting

[1] Kandavel, M., Sureshkumar, A., & Dhanaraj, R. K. (2025). Autonomous Traffic-Monitoring Pedestrian Crossing Detection Using Yolov8. Engineering Proceedings.
[2] Zhang, Y., Li, X., Wang, H., & Chen, Z. (2025). Urban Road Pedestrian Detection System Integrating Iot And Multi-Sensor Data Fusion. Array.
[3] Pannalal, B., Bhavsingh, M., & Ramadevi, Y. (2023). Enhancing Zebra Crossing Safety With Edge-Enabled Deep Learning. International Journal Of Computer Engineering Research And Technology.
[4] Mahalakshmi, V., & Manjunath, S. (2023). Automatic Detection Of Pedestrian Crossing Platform Using Congestion Monitoring. International Journal For Research In Applied Science And Engineering Technology.
[5] Dhuvey, S. N., Sharma, R., & Patel, K. (2024). Smart Zebra Crossing Using Iot And Computer Vision. Journal Of Emerging Technologies And Innovative Research.