iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: Background: Neurological disorders. The authors reports 3 case series of neurological disorders affecting individual of different ages, wide variety of clinical manifestations thus affecting their activities of daily living. The cases included in this case series are on stroke, pineal gland tumor & on Guillian-Barré. Each patient in this case series showed functional affectations limiting their role performance. Occupational therapy's task-oriented approach has showed improvement in functional participation thus improving the engagement in role performance. The task-oriented approach is highly individualized, client-centered rehabilitation approach. Materials and Methods: 3.....

Keywords: Stroke, task-oriented approach, functional independence, mobility

[1]. Bs AN, Student DPT, Pt AL. Use of the Task-Oriented Approach for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Case Report. 2016;31(9):2013.
[2]. Kanase S, Patel T. Effect of Task Oriented Training on Spasticity in Post Stroke Individuals. 2021;(September).
[3]. Paper R, Of J, Nursing A. Task-oriented training in rehabilitation after stroke: systematic review. 2009;737–54.
[4]. S C. Effects of Task-oriented Approach on Affected Arm Function in Children with Spastic Hemiplegia Due to Cerebral Palsy. 2014;1–4.

Abstract: Background: Foreign body lodged in the soft tissue is fairly common in the road traffic accidents or industrial accidents. The immediate closure of the soft tissue wounds become the emergency treatment for the control of bleeding. Penetrating or perforating injuries of different origins in the head and neck are rare but poses potential threat. Minor wounds such as abrasion wounds, minor lacerationsare generally contaminated with gravels, dirt etc. but......

[1]. Antunes AA, Santos TS, Carvalho de Melo AU, Ribiero CF, Goncalves SR, de Mello RodeS.Toothembeddedinlowerlipfollowing dentoalveolar trauma: case report and literature review. Gen Dent 2012;60(06):544–547
[2]. W.S. Paiva, F. Saad, E.S. Cravalhal, R.L. Amorim, E.G. Figueiredo, M.J. Teixeira, Transorbital stab penetrating brain injury: report of a case, Ann. Ital. Chir. 80 (2009) 463–465.
[3]. Raska GM,Cordova SW, Lema R, Goldwasser MS. Management of penetrating trauma to the soft palate: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(07):1279–1285
[4]. Olasoji HO, Tahir AA, Ahidjo A, Madziga A. Penetrating arrow injuries of themaxillofacial region. BrJOralMaxillofacSurg2005; 43(04):329–332
[5]. J.T. Jacob, A.A. Cohen-Gadol, C.O. Maher, F.B. Meyer, Transorbital penetrating brainstem injury in a child: case report, J. Neurosurg. 102 (3 suppl) (2005) 350–352.

Abstract: Background: The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of glaucoma and their possible determinants in a group diagnosed with glaucoma and in a population-based group without glaucoma. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational, hospital-based study included 102 patients presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir in the month of October 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the nature of the study.A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data of the recruited patients.The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics......

Keywords: Glaucoma, prevention, awareness of glaucoma.

[1]. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82:844-51.
[2]. Quigley HA. Number of people with glaucoma worldwide. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80:389–393.
[3]. Parrish RK II, Gedde SJ, Scott IU, et al. Visual function and quality of life among patients with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1447–1455.
[4]. Javitt JC. Preventing blindness in Americans: the need for eye health education. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;40:41–44.
[5]. George R, Ve RS, Vijaya L. Glaucoma in India: Estimated burden of disease. J Glaucoma 2010; 19:391-7.

Abstract: Aim: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is known to be basically characterised by presence of obsessions and compulsions. With life time prevalence rate of around 2-3%, OCD possess quite a challenge in its management. Existing literature sufficiently advocates use of cognitive and behavioural strategies in management of OCD. With the propagation of newer techniques like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), it is interesting to see their effectiveness in treating patients with OCD. Present study attempts to use ACT in managing obsessive compulsive symptoms in OCD patients. Method: Pre and post intervention with a control group design was made to conduct this study involving 20 patients having a primary diagnosis...

Key words: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, YBOCS.

[1]. Abramowitz, J. S., & Jacoby, R. J. (2015). Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults. Boston, MA, US: Hogrefe Publishing
[2]. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4: 561-571
[3]. Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5–27.
[4]. Clark, D. A. & Purdon, C. L. (1993).New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Journal of Psychology, 28:161-167.
[5]. Goodman, W. K., Price, I. H. & Rasmussen, S. A. (1988). The Yale Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. Development, Use, and Reliability. Archives Journal of Psychiatry, 46: 1006–1011

Abstract: Patients with respiratory infections in the intensive care unit pose a challenge due to the presence of animmunocompromised state,hyperglycemia, and the presence of nosocomial pathogens that are resistant to common antibiotics.1,2. Patients withcommunity-acquired pneumonia who are hospitalized also pose a challenge since their arrival at the hospital are preceded by the use of several antibiotics contributingto the development of high antimicrobial resistance.3 Hence it is imperative to choose the antibiotics with care when treating patients with respiratory infections in the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU.)The choice of drug for empirical antibiotic therapy has to be made based on knowledge......

[1]. Peleg A. Y., Hooper D. C. Hospital-acquired infections due to gram-negative bacteria. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(19):1804–1813.
[2]. Banerjee T, Mishra A, Das A, Sharma S, Barman H, Yadav G. High Prevalence and Endemicity of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter spp. in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Varanasi, India. J Pathology. 2018;2018:9129083.
[3]. Mehrad B., Clark N. M., Zhanel G. G., Lynch III J. P. Antimicrobial resistance in hospital-acquired gram-negative bacterial infections. Chest. 2015;147(5):1413–1421.
[4]. Howard A., O'Donoghue M., Feeney A., Sleator R. D. Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Virulence. 2012;3(3):243–250.
[5]. Fournier P. E., Richet H. The epidemiology and control of Acinetobacter baumannii in health care facilities. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;42(5):692–699. doi: 10.1086/500202

Abstract: Introduction : A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) this is a condition where in there is an abnormal communication between badder and the vagina1 , this leads to significant morbidity in female urology. Immediate diagnosis and appropriate timely repair using appropriate procedure are essential for an successful management of these VVF cases1. Treatment for a VVF typically involves surgical repair to close the fistula and restore the normal separation between the bladder and vagina. The method of closure depends on surgeons and the main complication noted is recurrent fistula formation2 . Material and Methods.....

Keywords: VVF, Vaginal route , Catheterization

[1]. Rajaian S, Pragatheeswarane M, Panda A. Vesicovaginal fistula: Review and recent trends. Indian J Urol. 2019 Oct-Dec;35(4):250-258
[2]. Stamatakos M et al. Vesicovaginal fistula: diagnosis and management. Indian J Surg. 2014 Apr;76(2):131-6
[3]. O'Connell, P.R., McCaskie, A.W., & Williams, N.S. (Eds.). Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery.CRC Press.2023;28:1505
[4]. Tsia-Shu Lo et al . Clinical relevance and treatment outcomes of vesicovaginal fistula(VVF) after obstetric and gynecologic surgery. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.2019;58
[5]. DC Dutta's Textbook Of Obstetrics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers . Nov 2013;6: 421.

Abstract: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrinopathy resulting in anovulatory infertility in young women. Recent years have seen a significant rise in women presenting with PCOS and a concomitant spurt in scientific interest to understand the syndrome. Several studies have reported on ovulation and pregnancy rates in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, relevant data on endometrial receptivity are limited. This study was conducted to compare endometrial receptivity during implantation windows among letrozole (LE), clomiphene citrate (CC), and natural cycle, and to assess the predictive value for pregnancy of observed indicators.Themain aim of the study was to evaluation of......

Keywords: Ovulation induction, polycystic ovary syndrome, letrozole, clomiphene citrate, endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation

[1]. Rodriguez-Armas O, Heldon B, Daya S, eds. Infertility and contraception—a textbook for clinical practice. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group, 1998.
[2]. Dickey RP, Taylor SN, Curole DN, Rye PH, Pyrzak R. Incidence of spontaneous abortion in clomiphene pregnancies. Hum Reprod 1996;11:2623–8.
[3]. 3. Gorlitsky GA, Kase NG, Speroff L. Ovulation and pregnancy rates with clomiphene citrate. ObstetGynaecol 1978;51:265–9.
[4]. Casper RF, Mitwally MF. Use of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology. 2011;54(4):685-95.
[5]. Al-Fozan H, Al-Khadouri M, Tan SL, Tulandi T. A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation. Fertility and sterility. 2004;82(6):1561-3..

Abstract: Background: Diabetes can also be caused by a combination of these two inabilities. Diabetes is characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes can be caused either by the body's inability to produce insulin or by the body's inability to effectively utilize insulin when it is present. Aim: The present study aim is to determine to what extent, the128-HztuningforkdetectearlyDPNinanOO andT2DMpopulation? the 1-g and 10-g monofilaments detect early DPN in an OO and T2DMpopulation? and will the three instruments differ in their ability to detect DPN in OO and T2D populations? Material & methods: After debate, the institutional Human ethics committee approved........

[1]. Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019 Nov;69(11):2932.
[2]. Zalan A, Sheikh-Muhammad A, Khatib M, Sharkia R. The Current and Forecasted Status of Type 2 Diabetes in the Arab Society of Israel. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2019 Oct 1;17(8):10-21.
[3]. Vinik EJ, Vinik AI, Paulson JF, Merkies IS, Packman J, Grogan DR, Coelho T. Norfolk QOL‐DN: validation of a patient reported outcome measure in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 2014 Jun;19(2):104-14.
[4]. Iqbal K, Sun D. Development of thermo-regulating polypropylene fibre containing microencapsulated phase change materials. Renewable energy. 2014 Nov 1;71:473-9.
[5]. Veresiu AI, Bondor CI, Florea B, Vinik EJ, Vinik AI, Gâvan NA. Detection of undisclosed neuropathy and assessment of its impact on quality of life: a survey in 25,000 Romanian patients with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2015 Jul 1;29(5):644-9

Abstract: Background: In the realm of medicine, it is general knowledge that the femoral artery can function as an entry point for a broad variety of diagnostic and investigative procedures to be carried out. Aim: The present study is to determine the anatomical variations of femoral artery in the site of origin of femoral, superficialcircumflexIliac, superficialepigastric, superficial& deep external pudendal arteries. Materials & methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee gave the go-ahead for this work to be done. After it was approved, this study got under way. This was the cadaveric study that was done on a total of 60 embalmed and formalin-fixed remains from the anatomy departments of Index Medical College & Hospital. Sixty bodies that had been preserved with formalin were used....

[1]. Savithri P. A rare variation of trifurcation of right femoral artery. Int J Anat Var. 2013;6(1):4-6.
[2]. Swenson RS, Snow NJ, Catlin B. Vascular anatomy of the lower limbs. Critical Limb Ischemia: Acute and Chronic. 2017:57-70. [3]. Ahmad AN, Bell R. Vascular Surgery. Introduction to Surgery for Students. 2017:213-23.
[4]. Shrestha P, Lehmann S, Talaie R. Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of Radiology Nursing. 2018 Dec 1;37(4):228-32.
[5]. Doneley B. Avian medicine and surgery in practice: companion and aviary birds. CRC press; 2018 Sep 3.
[6]. Patel AR, Patel AR, Singh S, Singh S, Khawaja I. Central line catheters and associated complications: a review. Cureus. 2019 May 22;11(5).