iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver ailment that is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver and occurs in people who drink little to no alcohol. NAFLD falls into one of two categories: 1. Simple steatosis, often known as NAFLD is the presence of fat in the liver with little to no fibrosis or inflammation......

[1]. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Michigan Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 9]. Available from: https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/fatty-liver-disease-non-alcoholic
[2]. Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and its treatment on serum lipids - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 9]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708952/
[3]. Ferrandino G, Kaspari RR, Spadaro O, Reyna-Neyra A, Perry RJ, Cardone R, et al. Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2017 Oct 24;114(43):E9172–80.
[4]. Zeng X, Li B, Zou Y. The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 30;100(17):e25738.
[5]. Bikeyeva V, Abdullah A, Radivojevic A, Jad AAA, Ravanavena A, Ravindra C, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypothyroidism: What You Need to Know. Cureus [Internet]. 2022 Aug 16 [cited 2022 Dec 21];14(8). Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/101051-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-and-hypothyroidism-what-you-need-to-know

Abstract: Malignant glaucoma or aqueous misdirection syndrome usually occurs in hyperopic eyes, characterized by an acute rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) with shallow anterior chamber in presence of patent peripheral iridotomy. The aim of the article is to report a case of malignant glaucomawhich developed after an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery in an emmetropic eye on post operative day one

Keywords: Malignant Glaucoma, Aqueous Misdirection, Ciliolenticular Block

[1]. von Graefe A. Beitrage zur Pathologie und Therapie des € Glaucoms. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 1869; 15(3):108–252
[2]. Ruben S, Tsai J, Hitchings RA. Malignant glaucoma and its management [perspective]. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81:163–167. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 1722113/pdf/v081p00163.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2014
[3]. Debrouwere V, Stalmans P, Van Calster J, Spileers W, Zeyen T,Stalmans I. Outcomes of different management options for malignant glaucoma: a retrospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;250(1):131–41.
[4]. Dave P, Senthil S, Rao HL, Garudadri CS. Treatment outcomes inmalignant glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2013;120(5):984–90.
[5]. Shahid H, Salmon JF. Malignant glaucoma: a review of the modernliterature. J Ophthalmol 2012;2012:852659
[6]. Ahmed IIK, Gagne S. August consultation #3. In: Menapace RM,ed, Cataract Surgical Problem. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35:1475–1477

Abstract: Introduction: Papilledema is defined as edema of the optic disc or optic nerve head due to increased intracranial pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate Etiological Factors and Visual Field Defects in Patients with papilledema.
Material and methods: Prospective study of 50 patients with papilledema was done between 2021 to 2022 in the Department of Ophthalmology NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Chinakakani,Guntur. The visual acuity is done by Snellen's chart. Color vision done using Ishihara pseudo isochromatic plates. Fundus examination using Heine direct.......

Keywords: Papilledema, Color vision , Vision ,Visual Field Defects, Enlargement of blind spot, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH).

[1]. Parson's Diseases of the Eye, Twenty second Edition, by RamanjitSihota Page 348- 354.
[2]. Hayreh SS. Pathogenesis of disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. ProgRetin Eye Res. 2016 Jan;50:108-44.
[3]. Hayreh, S.S. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy V (Optic disc edema an early sign). Arch Ophthalmol. 1981; 99: 1030-1040.
[4]. Walsh & Hoyt's clinical Neuro Ophthalmology The Essentials, Third Edition Page 109- 129.
[5]. yanoff Fourth edition 2014 part 9 neuro-ophthalmology Papilloedema and raised Intracranial Pressure by Alfredo A. Sadun, Michelle Y. Wang 883 to 886..

Abstract: Deep bite malocclusion, particularly in orthodontics, deep bite has considered a difficult anomaly to correct, but also as the one most hindering to solving the problems resulting from other associated malpositions. This is a case presentation of deep bite malocclusion in which a patient with deep bite with Class I malocclusion treated with fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy. A 13-year-old boy patient, whose chief complaint was the upper teeth heat the lower teeth diastema and creat sensitivity and mild pain during chewing. On extraoral examination he has mesocephalic head form and mesoprosopic facial form symmetrical face and lips are competent and intraorally he had class 1 molar relationship bilaterally with decreased overjet and deep overbite. For this patient the deep overbite corrected with intrusion utility arch with fixed orthodontic appliances..

Keywords: Deep bite, Intrusion arch

[1]. Bishara (2002) S.E. Textbook of Orthodontics. Ed WB Saunders.
[2]. Graber TM, Rakosi T, Petrovic G (1985) Dentofacial Orthopedics with functional Appliances, St. Louis, Mosby Co.
[3]. Geiger A, Hirshfeld L (1974) Minor tooth movements in general practice (3rd edn.), Mosby Co.
[4]. Graber TM, Vanarsdall R (1994) Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (2nd edn.), St. Louis: Mosby Year Book.
[5]. Pithon, M.M.; dos Santos, R.L.; Sampaio, G.A.; de Meneses, I.H.; and Coqueiro, R.S.: Anteroposterior and vertical changes in skeletal class II patients treated with modified Thurow appliance, Braz. Dent. J. 25:170-174,2014.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The female breast is an important organ of lactation consisting of network of ducts and lobules. Breast disorders can be malignant or benign. Prevention remains a fundamental strategy in the control of breast cancer. Therefore, screening and early detection play important roles in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. The knowledge and health-seeking behaviour for breast cancer management are low in Africa,such that majority of the affected patients present late to the hospital when little or nothing can be done in terms of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) among female students at College of Health Technology Aba Abia, State, Nigeria.......

Keywords: knowledge, Breast self-examination, breast cancer.

[1]. American cancer society. Breast cancer prevention and early detection.
[2]. Sama CB, Dzekem B, Kehbila J, Ekabe CJ, Vofo B, Abua NL, et al. Awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among female undergraduate students in a higher teacher's training college in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;28:91
[3]. Strobele L, Kantelhardt EJ, Traore Millogo TFD, Sarigda M, Wacker J, Grosse Frie K. Prevalence of breast-related symptoms, health care seeking behavior and diagnostic needs among women in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:447
[4]. Martei YM, Pace LE, Brock JE, Shulman LN. Breast cancer in low and middle-income countries: Why we need pathology capability to solve this challenge. Clin Lab Med. 2018;38:161-173
[5]. Tavafian SS, Hassani L, Aghanolei T, Zare S, Gregory D. prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women: An application of health belief model. BMC Women's Health. 2009; 9:37.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy with characteristic visual field defects resulting from the gradual retinal ganglion cell death. It is the second commonest cause of blindness and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Several pathogenetic theories have been postulated but the genetic factor is gaining much ground. Mutation in myocilin gene is one of the culprits. Objective:To investigate the presence of myocilin gene mutation in adult-onset primary POAG subjectsof Rivers State. Methodology:This was a case-control study. Three hundred and ninety-three adult-onset POAG patients attending the Glaucoma Clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were compared with 393 age and sex matched phenotypically.......

Keywords: Myocilin gene mutation, Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Adult-onset Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Rivers State.

[1]. Abdull, M.M., Sivasubramaniam, S., Murthy, G.V.S., Gilbert, C., Abubakar, T. &Ezelum, C.H. (2009). Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: The Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 50(9), 4114-4120.
[2]. Adekoya, B.J., Shah, S.P., Onakoya, A.O. & Ayanniyi, A.A. (2014). Glaucoma in Southwest Nigeria: Clinical presentation, family history and perceptions. International Ophthalmology, 34: 1027–1036.
[3]. Agbeja-Baiyeroju, A.M., Bekibele, C.O., Bamgboye, E.A., Omokhodion, F. &Oluleye, T.S. (2003). The Ibadan glaucoma study. Afr J Med Med Sci; 32:371–376. [PubMed: 15259920].
[4]. Allen, K.F., Gaier, E.D. & Wiggs, J.L. (2015). Genetics of primary inherited disorders of the optic nerve: clinical applications. ColdSpringHarbPerspect Med; 5: a017277.
[5]. Allingham, R.R., Liu, Y. & Rhee, D.J. (2009). The genetics of primary open angle glaucoma: A Review. Exp Eye Res., 88: 837–844..

Abstract: Aim:To evaluate the fundus findings in pregnancy induced hypertension. Materials and Methods :100 cases admitted with pregnancy induced hypertension were included in this study. Pupils dilated with tropicamideeyedrops and fundus examination was done using slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90D lens or direct ophthalmoscope. Age, gravida, para and gestational age of the patient were noted. Complete urine analysis was done. Patients were evaluated for blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid and total proteins. Results:Most number of PIH cases were found in the age groups 21-25 years. 58% were primigravida, 42% were multigravida. 43% of the patients had normal fundus and 57% of the patients had abnormal fundus changes. 59.6% of.......

Keywords: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH), Hypertensive Retinopathy(HTR), proteinuria, blood urea, serum creatinine, serous retinal detachment, macular edema

[1]. F Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Bloom SL, Catherine Y Spong et al; Williams Obstetrics 24th ed.New York; Chapter 4, Section 2, Maternal physiology: 2014; pg 107
[2]. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Nov;122(5):1122-1131.
[3]. F Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Bloom SL, Catherine Y Spong et al; Williams Obstetrics 24th ed. New York; Chapter 40, Section 11, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy In:2014; pg 1508-1513
[4]. Niall Patton, Tariq M Aslam, Thomas Joseph Macgillivray, Allison Pattie; Retinal vascular image analysis as a potential screening tool for cerebrovascular disease: A rationale based on homology between cerebral and retinal microvasculatures; Journal of Anatomy; May 2005; 206(4):319-48.
[5]. F Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Bloom SL, Catherine Y Spong et al; Williams Obstetrics 24th ed.New York; Chapter 40, Section 11, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy In:2014; pg 1543-1544.

Abstract: Résumé Introduction: La torsion du cordon spermatique est une urgence chirurgicale responsable d'une ischémie aiguë L'objectif de se travail est d'apporté une analyse descriptive de 43 torsions du pédicule spermatique sur une période de 8 ans. Patients et méthodes: étude rétrospective étalée sur une période de 8 ans (janvier2013-janvier 2021), intéressant 43 enfants opérés au service de chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale du CHU Hassan II de Fès. Résultats: L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 12 ans. Le délai moyen de consultation était de 3,7 jours (extrême 3h et 23j). L'exploration chirurgicale a trouvé 34 cas (79%) de torsion du cordon spermatique.Dans 14 cas (41%) de torsion......

[1]. VANINA ESTREMADOYRO, BLAISE JULIENMEYRAT, JACQUES BIRRAUX, ISABELLE VIDAL et OLIVER SANCHEZ. Diagnostic et prise en charge de la torsion testiculaire chez l'enfant. Rev Med Suisse 2017 ; 13 : 406-10.
[2]. Keiichiro Tanaka, Yuki Ogasawara, Koki Nikai, Shunsuke Yamada, Kentaro Fujiwara, Tadaharu Okazaki. Acute scrotum and testicular torsion in children: Retrospective study in a single institution Journal of Pediatric Urology 2019.11.007.
[3]. OH M.M., MOON D.G., PARK M.G., KIM J.W., BAE J.H., PARK H.S., et al.: Snail shell appearance of epididymis is a reliable sign of testicular loss after testicular torsion. European Urology Supplements, 2012 ; 11(1)412.
[4]. VAN GLABECKE E, KHAIROUNI A, LARROQUET M , AUDRY G, GRUNER M : Les torsions du cordon spermatique chez l‟enfant. Progrès en Urologie (1998), 8, 244-248.
[5]. Even L., AbboO., Le MandatA., Lemasson F., Carfagna L., Soler,P., et al.: Testular Torsion in Children: Factors Influencing Delayed Treatment and Orchidectomy Rate. Archives de Pédiatrie, (2013) 20, 364-368..

Abstract: Summary Introduction: Formerly called as choledochal cyst dilatation in the literature, congenital bile duct dilatation is a rare but not exceptional entity. We aimed to describe the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of congenital biliary dilatation in children, based on an experience of 11-years. Patients and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study over 11-years. We collected and analyzed the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data of the patients who were monitored with an average follow-up of 4-years.......

Keywords: bile duct dilatation, congenital, surgery.

[1]. Kevin C Soares, Dean J Arnaoutakis, Ihab Kamel, Neda Rastegar, Robert Anders, Shishir Maithel. Choledochal Cysts: Presentation, Clinical Differentiation, and Management. American College of Surgeons 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.04.023.
[2]. S. Mannai, T. Kraïem, L. Gharbi, N. Haoues, H. Mestiri, M.-T. Khalfallah. Les dilatations kystiques congénitales des voies biliaires. Annales de chirurgie 131 (2006) 369–374.
[3]. Howard ER. Choledochal cysts. In : Howard ER, ed. Surgery of liver disease in children. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 1991.p 78-90.
[4]. Gigot J, Nagorney D, Farnell M. Bile duct cysts : a changing spectrum of disease. J.Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 1996;3:405-11.
[5]. Fei Fan, Da-Peng Xu, Zheng-Xiang Xiong, Hai-Jia Li, Hai-Bei Xin, Huan Zhao. Clinical significance of intrapancreatic choledochal cyst excision in surgical management of type I choledochal cyst. Journal of International Medical Research 2018, Vol. 46(3) 1221–1229.

Abstract: Introduction: Aging is a universal and progressive physiological phenomenon clinically characterized by degenerative changes in both the structure and the functional capacity of organs and tissues. In general, geriatric patients are more sensitive to medications of anesthesia. Less medication is usually required to achieve the desired clinical effect, and the drug effect is often prolonged. The most important outcome and overall objective of the perioperative care of the geriatric population are to speed recovery and avoid functional decline.This study aimed to analyze the challenges of geriatric anesthesia. Methods: This prospective......

Keywords: Anesthesia, Geriatric, Perioperative, Degenerative

[1]. Kanonidou Z, Karystianou G. Anesthesia for the elderly. Hippokratia. 2007 Oct;11(4):175.
[2]. Saufl NM. Preparing the older adult for surgery and anesthesia. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2004 Dec 1;19(6):372-8.
[3]. Deiner S, Fleisher LA, Leung JM, Peden C, Miller T, Neuman MD. Adherence to recommended practices for perioperative anesthesia care for older adults among US anesthesiologists: results from the ASA Committee on Geriatric Anesthesia-Perioperative Brain Health Initiative ASA member survey. Perioperative Medicine. 2020 Dec;9(1):1-8.
[4]. Monarch S, Wren K. Geriatric anesthesia implications. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2004 Dec 1;19(6):379-84.
[5]. Bettelli G. Preoperative evaluation of the elderly surgical patient and anesthesia challenges in the XXI century. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2018 Mar;30(3):229-35.

Abstract: Introduction: Meningitis is a potentially fatal infection of the meninges, which are the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is classified into three types: bacterial, viral, and fungal. The most frequent type is bacterial meningitis, which can be caused by several bacterial infections such as pneumococcus, meningococcus, and haemophilus influenza. Viral meningitis is less common and usually less severe, but it can still have catastrophic consequences. Fungal meningitis is uncommon and usually occurs in those who have weakened immune systems. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving meningitis outcomes.The aim of the study was to observe the prevalence and mortality rate of different types of meningitis in Bangladesh.......

Keywords: Meninges, Meningitis, Spinal, Bacterial, Viral

[1]. Meningitis [Internet]. Hopkinsmedicine.org. 2019 [cited 2022 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/meningitis
[2]. Meningitis [Internet]. Who.int. [cited 2022 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis
[3]. Ali ML, Hossain MZ, Bidhu BD, Shaha AC, Haque MA, Alam AM, Habiba U, Sarkar MR. A Clinical Study of Acute Meningitis in Adults in Rangpur Medical College Hospital. Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal. 2022 May 19;21(1):36-40.
[4]. Bacterial meningitis [Internet]. Meningitisnow.org. [cited 2022 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.meningitisnow.org/meningitis-explained/what-is-meningitis/types-and-causes/bacterial-meningitis/
[5]. Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2010 Jul;23(3):467-92..

Abstract: Background: One of the most crucial components of a hospital and a key area of public health interest is the emergency department. Patients from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds are admitted to the casualty to receive medical care. Aim of the study: The current study's objectives were to identify the emergency department's current facilities and gauge how satisfied patients and healthcare professionals were with its emergency services. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the casualty section of the Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College hospital in Bogura, Bangladesh, from January 2013 to December 2013. Semi-structured questionnaires......

Keywords: Emergency unit, DGHS, Satisfactory level, Care hospital, Observational

[1]. Jalali S, Jan FA , Rashid H, Hamid S, Evaluation of Patient satisfaction in Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Sch J App Med Sci 2016; 4(10B):3634- 3639
[2]. Imam SZ, Syed KS, Ali SA, Ali SU, Fatima K, Gill M, et al. Patients' satisfaction and opinions of their experiences during admission in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan – a cross sectional study BMC Health Services Research 2007;7:161
[3]. Saleem S, Rao AS, Hannan N, Wahid A. The Level of Patient Satisfaction in Emergency Departments of Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals, Faisalabad. APMC 2018;12(1):34-9.
[4]. Worku M, Loha E. Assessment of client satisfaction on emergency department services in Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Emergency Medicine 2017;17:21.
[5]. Messina G, Vencia F, Mecheroni S, Dionisi S, Baragatti L, Nante N. Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction With Emergency Department Care: An Italian Rural Hospital, Global Journal of Health Science 2015;7(4):..

Abstract: Introduction: The clinical presentation of dengue fever had been observed to change with time since its first outbreak in 2000 in Bangladesh. Recently, another outbreak of dengue has been observed in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to observe the clinical profile of dengue fever patients in recent years. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the clinical profile of patients affected by dengue fever in the recent years. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine,Mymensingh Medical College Hospital......

Keywords: Dengue, Viral, Platelet, Fever

[1]. Islam MA. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Evaluation of Dengue Outbreak in 2002 in Bangladesh. Jpn J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2006 Apr [cited 2022 Nov 21];59(2):85–91. Available from: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050005822297794688
[2]. Biswas R, Mohammed FR, Sengupta P, Ahmed HS, Rahman MM, Sarker MAS, et al. Dengue NS1 Antigen: A Tool in Early Detection of Dengue Virus Infection. J Med [Internet]. 2014 Aug 5 [cited 2022 Nov 21];15(1):28–30. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JOM/article/view/19856
[3]. Akram A. Alarming Turn of Dengue Fever in Dhaka City in 2019. Bangladesh J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2019 Aug 17 [cited 2022 Nov 21];6(1):1–2. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJID/article/view/42627
[4]. Sharmin S, Viennet E, Glass K, Harley D. The emergence of dengue in Bangladesh: epidemiology, challenges and future disease risk. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Oct;109(10):619–27.
[5]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, editor. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 21]. p. 1–30. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2013-the-physical-science-basis/summary-for-policymakers/356E277FD1FBC887845FB9E8CBC90CCD.