IOSR-JBM   Volume-5 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Export Diversification Model – a Strategic View for Economic Development with reference to Pakistan
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Dr. A. R. Zaki, Dr. Muhammad Asim
	:	10.9790/487X-0560118

Abstract:The objective of this study is to examine the causes of the falling trend of Pakistan exports and to suggest measures for diversification of export in terms of countries and commodities. During the research study it came to light that Pakistan's export suffered lack of diversification both on account of countries and commodities. According to Government's survey Pakistan's export is concentrated about 62% on cotton related products (refer Table 1 & Table 2).
Key Words: Diversification Strategy, Social development Agricultural product, Export earnings, Concentrated structural transformation.

[1] Akbar, Muhammad, and Fatima, Zareen Naqvi. (2002, January 14-16). Competitiveness Diversification of Pakistan‟s
Exports. PIDE. pp. 14-15.
[2] Alam, Babar Iqbal. (2006). Indo Pakistan Economic Relation Essential for survival. Management Accountant. Institute of Cost &
Management Accountants of Pakistan. p.15.
[3] Albaum Gerald, Standskov, Jesper and Duerr, Edwin. (1998). International Marketing and Export Management. Addison Wesley
Longman Publishing Company. pp. 78-85.
[4] Annual Report. (2000 – 2001). State Bank of Pakistan. pp.13-16.
[5] Azam, Asim. (2004, October). Is Pakistan Export Competitive? The Dawn. p.17.
[6] Bhashyam, S. (1998). Export Promotion in India. New Delhi: Common Wealth Publishers. pp. 17-19.
[7] Economic Adviser‟s Wing. (2002). Economic Survey: 2001-2002. Finance Division. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan. pp.115- 125.
[8] Economic Adviser‟s Wing. (2005). Statistical Supplement Economic Survey: 2004-2005. Finance Division. Islamabad:
Government of Pakistan. p.139.
[9] Gay, and Diehl. (1984). Research Methods for Business and Management. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International. p.126.
[10] Hamza, Azam. (2004, November 8). Can Pakistan Follow Malaysia Export Model. The Dawn. p.4.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Scenario of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh: An Evaluation
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Dr. Alak Kumar Saha
	:	10.9790/487X-0561926

Abstract:The Economic indicators which are also considered to be the mirrors of economic scenario show the real picture of the development of a country like Bangladesh. Accordingly, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be termed in this regard and it can represent Bangladesh as one of the developing indicators in terms of development structure. The objective of the study is to focus the position of FDI in Bangladesh along with its problems and remedies. The study in fact, finds that the contribution FDI of developed and developing countries in Bangladesh is not so appreciating because of some uncertainties like uneven ratio in between savings and investments, unsound GDP, trade deficit, political instability and so on. To develop the scenario of FDI in Bangladesh some suggestions have been outlined in this study.
Key Words:FDI, GDP, Global Perspective, Investment & Savings, Trade Deficit

[1] M Ali and N.Alam, The Economy of Bangladesh ( Dhaka: Ideal Library, 8th Edition, 2008).
[2] J.Abedin, Bangladesh: Share O Punji Bazar (Dhaka: Antarip Publication, 2nd Edition, 2008).
[3] Bangladesh Bank, Annual Report,2007.
[4] ----------------------, Enterprise Survey, 2007
[5] --------------------- ,Monthly Economic Trend, Bangladesh Bank, Statistic
i. Department,Vol.XXXIII No. 8.
[6] Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, Annual Report, 2007.
[7] J,W. Best and J.V. Kahn, Research in Education ( New Delhi, Prentic-Hall of India Private Ltd, 5th Edition).
[8] A,R .Bhuyan, An Overview of the Bangladesh Economy: Recent Performance and Future Challenges in hought on Economics,
Vol.7 No. 3 & 4.
[9] FDI in South Asia (2003), Challenges and Prospects, Briefing Paper in South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics & Environment,
No.1.
[10] Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh , The Bangladesh Accountant‟, Vol. 35, No. 8, 2002.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Microfinance: A comparative Study Of Bangladesh and India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Naveen Kumar. H, Dr. S.J.Manjunath, Srikanth H.S
	:	10.9790/487X-0562735

Abstract:Microfinance is being practiced as a tool to attack poverty the world over. The term "Microfinance" can be defined as "provision of thrift, credit and other financial services and products of very small amounts to the poor in rural, semi- urban or urban areas, for enabling them to raise their income levels and improve living standards". The aim of the paper is to understand whether the institutions are serving their purpose of existence or are these rather becoming profit-making centers. This paper conducts a comparative study between India and Bangladesh, in terms of loan lent by institutes to the customers, clientele, financial sustainability of MFI's Institutions, in order to understand how MFI's in India are performing as against those MFI's in Bangladesh as it is considered to be the originator of Microfinance. The paper discovers that no doubt Indian MFI's are more profitable and operating more efficient than those in Bangladesh.
Key Words: Microfinance Institutions, Financial Sustainability, profitability, Clientele

[1] ASA. (1997). Causes of Default in Microcredit: Motivating and Encouraging Enthusiasm Among Group Member s is Essential to Addressing the Causes of Default. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Association for Social Advancement (ASA). Accessed on 14 December 2007.

[2] Basixindia, 2003. Microfinance in india. The paper & publication. P 1-10. [Online]

[3] Availablehttp://www.bwtp.org/arcm/mfdm/Web%20Resources/General%20MF%20Resources/micro_finan ce_in_india.pdf

[4] CGAP (2002) : Microfinance Consensus Guidelines Viewed on 31 March 2009 (http://www2.cgap.org/gm/document- 1.9.2787/Guideline_RegSup.pdf)

[5] Economic Times, 2010. Microfinance in India is like subprime lending: Y V Reddy Availableat:http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010/11/23/news/27602978_1_priority-sector-lending-sks-microfinancemicrofinance- industry

[6] Financial Data http://www.mixmarket.org/mfi/country/India

[7] Financial Express, 2009. Microfinance world. [Online] Available at: http://indiamicrofinance.com/files/2009/12/Microfinance- Jul-2009.pdf

[8] Fisher. T and M.S. Sriram (2002): "Micro Finance and Livelihoods: The Challenge of BASIX" in Beyond Micr o-Credit Putting Development Back into Micro-Credit, Fisher and Sriram (ed),Vistaar Publications, New Delhi.

[9] Konieczko, 2006. A primer on microfinance. USNews: nation & world. Available at: http://www.themix.org/sites/default/files/2006_10_13_USNEWS_A%20primer %20on% 20microfinance_0.pdf

[10] Montgomery.H, Weiss. J, 2010. Can commercially oriented microfinance help meet the MDG ?Evidence from Pakistan. World Development. [Online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V6- 5197M6R1_cdi=5946&_user=196517&_pii=S0305750X10001580&_origin=search&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_sk=99960 9998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzzzSkzS&md5=18850f1f47269cfefacebda130a25566&ie=/sdarticle.pdf