IOSR-JBM   Volume-5 ~ Issue-2 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Business Risk on Corporate Capital Structure of Publicly-Listed Nigerian Companies
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dauda Mohammed
	:	10.9790/487X-0520115

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the extent to whichchanges in business risk helppredictthe capital structure choices of Nigerialisted companies.The findings support a U-shaped function between earnings volatility and total debt ratio. In normal times when the threat of insolvency is low, firms cut their average rate of borrowing relative to total assetsby between 1 and 4 percent a year. However, they raised it by between 5 and 22 percent during periods of heightened market anxiety. This suggests that policies whichlower the expected bankruptcycosts relativeto company value will discourage an unnecessary use of debt.
Key Words:Capital structure, Industry effects, Business risk, Cashflow, Volatility, Nigeria

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pp. 1681-1710
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Countries", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 182-211.
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States(University of Chicago Press, Chicago).
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(2) pp. 432-456
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Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Vol.27, pp. 404-31.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Training and Development: An Analysis of Various Models
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Harshit Topno
	:	10.9790/487X-0521622

Abstract:Training and development enhances efficiency and develops a systematic way of performing duties and assigned tasks. Moreover it bridges the gap between job requirement and employees present specification. Training like any other organizational activity requires time, energy and money. It's an investment in employees' productivity and retention by providing for career progression and employees job satisfaction over the long time. Therefore the organisation needs to know whether their investment is being spent effectively or not. For this continuous evaluation of training and development is necessary. Evaluation of training and development means assessment of the impact of training on trainee's performance and behaviour. The present paper is descriptive in nature falls under the category of general review for understanding the conceptual framework of evaluation, its needs and purpose and the various models adopted by organisation for evaluation purpose. Finally in conclusive remark paper suggests the most widely used model and what are the issues which lead to ignorance of evaluation as well as in the course of evaluation.
Key Words:Evaluation, Expenditure, Models, Organisation, Training and Development

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[8] U. F. Schalock, Outcome Based Evaluations (Boston, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 1998).
[9] R. A. Noe, Employees Training and Development (Irwin, Mc Graw – Hill, 2008).
[10] L. M. Prasad, Human Resource Management (New Delhi, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2005).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Competition Law Benefits, Application & Monitoring: Reviewing Practices In UK, USA And Australia & Possible Benefits For Bangladesh
Country	:	Australia
Authors	:	Munshi Samaduzzaman, Fazluz Zaman
	:	10.9790/487X-0522326

Abstract:The paper focuses on the application, monitoring, and benefits of the competition law. The topic that covers in the entire paper is mainly focuses on the importance of the competition law that particularly applies in the consumer protection that has been established in order to promote the balance and fairness in the economic consumption and spending. This paper will present the understanding on the competition law and policy that aims to protect the consumers and provide the scenarios in competition laws that is mostly based on UK, USA, and Australia. It is important for the study to discuss such matter in order to recognize the effectiveness of the policy and its applicability in trading and commerce. In addition, the aims to determine the impact of the competition law in developing countries.

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